1251 results about "Ice formation" patented technology

The invention relates to an ice crystal evaporator and an ice crystal water cooling device producing from the same, belonging to the technical field of refrigeration. The ice crystal evaporator is characterized in that a liquid inlet channel is formed by an evaporator tube, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet in a tubular casing; and the outer channel of the evaporator tube of the tubular casing is divided into more than one S-shaped channel forming a water return channel through a water inlet of a water divider and a water outlet of a water collector. The ice crystal water cooling device is characterized in that the return air inlet of the ice crystal evaporator is communicated with a compressor, a condenser, a liquid feeding valve, a dry filter, a liquid feeding electromagnetic valve anda thermostatic expansion valve in sequence, and then is communicated with the liquid inlet of the ice crystal evaporator; a cooling water inlet / outlet of the condenser is connected with a cooling tower in series; and a water inlet / outlet of the ice crystal evaporator is communicated with a water circulating pump and an ice crystal energy storage tank in series. The invention has the advantages ofhigh cooling efficiency, no icing and low cooling temperature and is suitable for production of energy storage central air-conditioning, marine fishing, seafood processing, fruit, vegetable or meat processing, and the like; the cooled medium is municipal water.

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a fan blade composite deicing system and method.The fan blade composite deicing system comprises a sensing layer, a decision-making layer, an execution layer and a feedback layer, and the decision-making layer comprises a graph neural network ice type recognition module, a CFD-icing coupling simulation module, a health management module and an energy consumption scheduling algorithm unit; the execution layer comprises a control unit and an execution unit, the control unit comprises a dynamic partition heating controller and a self-adaptive vibration controller, and the execution unit comprises an electric heating system and a vibration deicing system; compared with the prior art that a single deicing mode is usually adopted, and the adaptability to different ice type physical characteristics is poor, the scheme adopts a differential execution strategy, and partition electric heating control is carried out on different chord length areas of the blade based on the ice type recognition result; and high-frequency piezoelectric standing wave vibration is adopted for glaze ice, low-frequency eccentric wheel vibration is adopted for glaze ice, and the beneficial effects that the deicing efficiency is remarkably improved, invalid energy consumption is reduced, and damage to blades is reduced are achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel disaster identification, in particular to a tunnel portal icing disaster identification and prediction method based on a multi-modal data fusion technology. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps of multi-source data acquisition, heterogeneous data processing, feature level fusion, disaster recognition, space-time prediction and dynamic early warning. According to the invention, a multi-modal sensor is deployed to collect tunnel portal temperature, space structure and environmental parameters, intelligent processing and multi-stage feature fusion are carried out, ice layer distribution identification, icing trend detection and time-space prediction are realized by using a deep network, an ice melting device is dynamically activated in combination with a graded early warning mechanism, and vehicle early warning is linked. A sensing, analysis, prediction, disposal and calibration closed loop is formed, the accuracy of ice coagulation disaster detection, the prospective performance of prediction and the intelligence of disposal are remarkably improved, and the tunnel traffic safety and the long-term robustness of the system are guaranteed.

The invention relates to the technical field of fan blade deicing, and discloses an intelligent temperature control type fan blade electric heating deicing control system and method, and the system comprises a meteorological sensing module which is used for collecting the environment temperature, humidity, wind speed and rainfall type; the blade state monitoring module is used for acquiring blade surface temperature distribution and ice layer thickness data; the dynamic decision-making module is used for generating a partition heating instruction based on the data of the weather sensing module and the blade state monitoring module; the temperature control execution module is used for converting the instruction into a gradient signal; the heating array module is used for executing electric heating deicing operation in the blade surface subareas; and the energy coordination module is used for dynamically constraining the total power of the system. The meteorological sensing module and the blade state monitoring module are integrated through the system, real-time collection and fusion of multi-source data of blade surrounding environment parameters and the thickness of an ice layer are achieved through the design, comprehensiveness and accuracy of icing monitoring are improved, a reliable basis is provided for dynamic decision making, and therefore the response capacity and early warning precision of the system to icing risks are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of cell cryopreservation, and relates to a cryopreservation method based on ultrasonic ice planting. In the method, the nucleation temperature of ice planting is less than-9 DEG C, and the cooling rate from nucleation to icing is less than 5 DEG C / min. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the time required for cryopreservation of the cells is remarkably shortened, meanwhile, damage to the cells caused by ice crystals generated in the cooling process is reduced, and the problem that an existing cell cryopreservation cooling method cannot meet the nucleation and freezing uniformity of a cell solution in the cooling process is solved.

The invention discloses an existing wind power blade electrothermal film deicing control method based on big data, and relates to the technical field of wind turbine generator operation control and ice prevention and removal. Frost ice / glaze ice probability output by an ice type discrimination model does not only give an alarm any more, but is directly converted into an increase / decrease coefficient constrained by boundary and monotonicity; energy can be fully put in a glaze ice scene, and overheating and over-consumption can be avoided in a frost ice scene; according to the method, the change trend of wind speed, temperature and relative humidity is introduced as modulation factors, the working condition of forming / turning glaze ice is responded in advance, and insufficient deicing caused by static threshold hysteresis is reduced; according to power deviation correction, a unit wind speed-power curve serves as a reference, a dead zone, segmented gain and accumulative saturation structure is adopted, on the premise of not depending on an external icing sensor, extrinsic performance of pneumatic degradation is closed into controlled quantity, sensitivity and stability are considered, and start-stop oscillation and duration drift are reduced.

The invention discloses an environment-friendly flame-retardant medium-voltage cable, and relates to the technical field of cables, the outer side of an inner conductor is provided with a flame-retardant protection assembly, the flame-retardant protection assembly comprises flame-retardant filling bodies, the middle parts of the opposite side surfaces of the adjacent flame-retardant filling bodies are provided with supporting grooves, and arc-shaped spring plates are adhered to the interiors of the supporting grooves. The outer side of the cable is extruded and collided, the impact force is attenuated layer by layer, the situation that the cable is damaged due to collision and impact is reduced, when the outer side of the cable is frozen, the heating wire emits heat, and the cable is prevented from being damaged. When the cable is deiced, the inflatable strip outside the insulating middle layer is uniformly heated, the outer insulating layer is pushed to bulge, and the ice layer outside is jacked open, so that the ice layer is broken and falls off, and compared with the conventional deicing method which only depends on heating, the energy consumption is lower, the cable is environment-friendly and energy-saving, the deicing effect is better, and the cable is more favorably protected.

The invention relates to the technical field of flow field temperature testing, in particular to a gas phase temperature measuring probe for a high-speed low-temperature cloud field and a design method and application of the gas phase temperature measuring probe. The design method of the gas phase temperature measurement probe for the high-speed low-temperature cloud field comprises the following steps: designing a temperature measurement probe configuration on the basis of a backward temperature measurement probe configuration in combination with a backward step two-phase flow theory in the backward temperature measurement probe configuration and working conditions of the high-speed low-temperature cloud field; secondly, two-phase flow simulation and suction flow simulation are carried out based on the temperature measurement probe configuration, and suction flow is designed; thirdly, icing numerical simulation is carried out, and two-phase flow simulation is carried out; and finally, analyzing the simulation result of the near-wall flow field change of the iced temperature measurement probe configuration and the simulation result of the gas-liquid flow characteristics, and if no liquid drop is monitored at the detection position of the temperature sensing element in the iced temperature measurement probe configuration, completing the design; otherwise, repeating the above steps until no liquid drop is monitored at the detection position of the temperature sensing element in the frozen temperature measurement probe configuration.

The invention relates to the technical field of ice and snow environment simulation, and discloses an ice and snow environment simulation test method based on multi-field coupling. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a dynamic multi-field data set in a target ice and snow environment, wherein the dynamic multi-field data set covers a periodic temperature change sequence, a relative humidity fluctuation sequence and surface ice layer thickness real-time monitoring data; carrying out multi-physics field coupling numerical simulation processing to generate coupling field distribution characteristics including an axial heat conduction coefficient gradient, a radial fluid velocity cumulant and a tangential ice layer stress fluctuation coefficient; calling a pre-configured ice and snow growth simulation model to execute ice layer evolution analysis to obtain an ice layer growth rate prediction value and a high-risk icing area position identifier; performing environment dynamic compensation correction on the ice layer growth rate prediction value by using the correlation characteristic of the relative humidity fluctuation sequence and the material heat capacity attribute; based on the high-risk icing area position identification, scientific guidance is provided for related protection in the ice and snow environment.

The invention discloses a tunnel dew formation and icing rapid monitoring method and system based on a space-time phase change cooperation mechanism, and relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering safety monitoring and freeze injury prevention and control. Establishing a tunnel geometric model and a heat-humidity-turbulence multi-field coupling physical model; synchronously acquiring heat and humidity physical property parameters and outdoor hourly meteorological parameters; taking the outdoor hourly meteorological parameters as Dirichlet boundary conditions and initial conditions of a heat-humidity-turbulence multi-field coupling physical model; determining a heat and humidity exchange coupling process of the tunnel wall surface and the internal environment, and defining heat and humidity transfer parameters under an unsteady state boundary; performing discretization processing on the tunnel geometric model by adopting a grid division strategy; by setting a dew point temperature threshold value and an icing temperature threshold value, a condensation risk area is judged, dynamic changes of the thickness of an ice layer are quantified, and monitoring of tunnel condensation and icing is achieved. The method can effectively reflect the distribution rule of multiple physical fields on the surface and in the tunnel in any time, accurately judge the risk area and quantify the thickness of the ice layer.

The invention relates to the technical field of anti-icing, in particular to a photo-thermal phase change energy storage super-hydrophobic all-weather anti-icing composite coating and a preparation method thereof. Comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a phase change microcapsule of chitosan coated paraffin through a single coacervation method; s2, modifying a carbon nano tube, and adding the modified carbon nano tube into the suspension of the phase change microcapsule to form a composite microcapsule; and S3, uniformly mixing the composite microcapsule with organic silicon. Compared with the prior art, by combining the photo-thermal and super-hydrophobic characteristics and the energy storage effect of the phase change microcapsules, the effect of effectively delaying icing can be achieved, the ice resistance and deicing efficiency is high, the photo-thermal conversion performance is good, the super-hydrophobic performance is good, and surface ice prevention and deicing under the extreme weather condition can be achieved; and the coating can keep effective anti-icing and deicing functions under low-temperature and high-humidity conditions. 2, the nanoparticles are grafted to the surface of the chitosan phase change microcapsule to form an organic-inorganic composite phase change microcapsule, and the flexibility of organic substances and the stability of inorganic materials are combined;

The invention relates to the technical field of road ice melting, and discloses a road ice melting implementation system and method. The system comprises a meteorological monitoring platform, a snow-melting agent spraying platform and a management and control platform, the method comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting meteorological data and monitoring a road surface state to obtain an initial road ice melting data set, and then carrying out anomaly detection and filling missing data; establishing a road ice melting prediction model based on the neural network, predicting whether the road is iced or not, and outputting a road icing result; then ice melting work is carried out, an enhanced hawk optimization algorithm is introduced to optimize spraying parameters in the ice melting work, and a road ice melting implementation strategy is generated; and finally, adjusting a road ice melting implementation strategy, and establishing a snow melting environment coupling model and an alarm mechanism. By analyzing and processing the road ice melting data, the purpose of implementing road ice melting is achieved, and the method is objective and accurate.

The invention provides a three-dimensional icing rapid prediction method based on multi-fidelity data fusion and a neural network. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a simulated ice shape two-dimensional slice image under a first target icing working condition; inputting the simulated ice-shaped two-dimensional slice image data into a pre-trained first target neural network, and predicting ice-shaped two-dimensional slice images of different spanwise positions of the wing under a first target icing condition, the first target neural network is obtained by training according to the simulated ice shape two-dimensional slice image and a test ice shape two-dimensional slice image obtained by an icing wind tunnel test; and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the ice-shaped two-dimensional section images at different spanwise positions to obtain a predicted wing icing three-dimensional geometrical shape. According to the method, the neural network is used for extracting main features of the icing form, and rapid prediction and reconstruction of the three-dimensional icing form are achieved. Through multi-fidelity data fusion, prediction result precision can be improved, calculation complexity can be reduced, and icing prediction precision and real-time performance can be improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of synthesis and preparation of nano materials, in particular to a method for preparing tin dioxide powder, which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a 0.1-5 mol / L tin salt solution, adding a compound additive into the tin salt solution, and carrying out ball milling treatment after ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a pretreated tin salt solution; s2, freezing and freezing the pretreated tin salt solution in an ultralow-temperature environment to obtain a frozen sample; s3, transferring the frozen sample into a vacuum freeze dryer for dehydration treatment to obtain solid powder; and S4, carrying out high-temperature calcination on the solid powder to obtain tin dioxide powder. Zero sewage discharge is achieved in the preparation process, the problem of sewage discharge and treatment of traditional liquid-phase powder preparation is solved, meanwhile, the phenomenon of sintering agglomeration accompanied by traditional solid-phase calcination can be avoided, high-quality superfine tin dioxide powder preparation is achieved, the method is simple and safe in process, and industrial large-scale production and preparation are easy to achieve.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite micro-groove super-hydrophobic low-ice-adhesion photo-thermal film. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) constructing a low-elasticity-modulus photo-thermal composite sponge substrate through a solvothermal method; (2) uniformly coating the surface of a substrate with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) precursor solution by adopting an aerosol-assisted deposition technology, and carrying out thermocuring to form a functional composite interface layer; and (3) constructing a multi-stage scallop surface-imitating micro-nano groove composite structure on the surface of the interface layer by using a femtosecond laser micro-nano processing technology. The prepared film has super-hydrophobicity, the surface of the film is in a Cassie-Baxter wetting state with a 164-degree contact angle and a 1-degree rolling angle, and the film has a surface self-cleaning function. Under the icing condition, the adhesion strength of an ice layer of the system is obviously reduced to 2.57 kPa, the static delay icing time is effectively prolonged to 1587 s, and the system has the photo-thermal response characteristic and can realize rapid icing ablation under the standard solar irradiance; the preparation method has the characteristics of high process controllability, environment friendliness and the like, and is suitable for large-scale continuous production.

The invention relates to the technical field of constant-temperature control, in particular to a constant-temperature quick-cooling control method for 0.5-degree outlet water without freezing and containing low-temperature secondary refrigerants. The constant-temperature quick-cooling control method comprises the following steps that S1, the real-time outlet water temperature, target temperature and environment temperature sampling are obtained, and the difference between the target temperature and the real-time outlet water temperature is analyzed; and dividing three temperature control stages for the 0.5 DEG C effluent cooling condition according to the difference, and marking the corresponding section as a target cooling stage to obtain a temperature control stage identifier. According to the invention, through the real-time monitoring and the subdivision management of the temperature control stage, the response speed and accuracy of temperature adjustment are improved, the current temperature change can be reflected in real time, the future adjustment demand can be analyzed and predicted through the prospective temperature trend, the adjustment is more timely, and the adjustment efficiency is improved. The staged temperature management allows precise temperature regulation and control according to the actual cooling requirements, and especially effectively prevents ice crystals from being generated in the rapid cooling process.

The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature gasification and heat management, and discloses an ice layer monitoring prediction and self-adaptive control device for a liquid hydrogen air temperature type gasifier. A data acquisition unit of the device acquires the running state of the gasifier and multi-source sensor data of an external environment; the weather prediction unit obtains weather change information in a future period and calculates a comprehensive influence coefficient of weather on the operation state of the gasifier; the data fusion and processing unit calculates an ice layer thickness correction value of each monitoring node according to the data of the multi-source sensor; the threshold value judgment unit judges the icing state of the node, and after the node is judged to be in the icing state, a judgment index representing the icing risk and the ice layer development trend is calculated; and the control response unit switches a deicing mode and executes a corresponding deicing control strategy according to the change state of the judgment index, and switches a high-energy-consumption deicing mode, a low-energy-consumption deicing mode and an observation mode. The deicing energy consumption of the gasifier is reduced, and the operation stability and the heat efficiency are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of road deicing, in particular to a road surface ice melting system. The road surface ice melting system comprises a temperature measuring optical fiber, a DTS host, a control end and a plurality of ice melting devices. The temperature measuring optical fibers are laid on two sides of the pavement base layer; the plurality of ice melting devices are arranged on the two sides of the road surface; the temperature measuring optical fiber is divided into a plurality of temperature measuring sections, and the plurality of temperature measuring sections are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of ice melting devices; the DTS host can obtain the temperature values detected by the multiple temperature measuring sections in real time, and when the temperature values, obtained by the DTS host, of one or more temperature measuring sections reach the icing temperature threshold value, the control end controls the ice melting device corresponding to the temperature measuring section reaching the icing temperature threshold value to be started, so that hot water is sprayed to the road surface through the spraying head. According to the road surface ice melting system, the problems that an existing system for monitoring road surface icing has great misjudgment performance, if an organic snow melting agent is sprayed, the manufacturing cost is too high, and spraying of inorganic snow melting agents causes corrosive damage to a road are solved.

The invention discloses a fan blade detecting and deicing system and method. The fan blade detecting and deicing system comprises a detecting unit, a deicing unit and a control unit. The detection unit comprises an icing detection assembly, an icing thickness detector and a temperature sensor are arranged in the icing detection assembly, the icing thickness detector detects icing thickness data of the blade surface in real time, and the temperature sensor detects temperature data of the fan blade surface in real time; the deicing unit comprises an electric heating film which is at least laid on the front edge of the blade in the length direction of the blade. And the control unit comprehensively analyzes the icing thickness and temperature change condition corresponding to the whole blade according to the icing thickness data and temperature data of the blade surface, and independently triggers and controls the heating state of each blade deicing unit based on the comprehensive analysis result. According to the fan blade detecting and deicing system and method, the precise monitoring function, the intelligent deicing strategy and stable and safe operation are integrated, and the wide application and popularization value is achieved.

The invention relates to a deicing method, system and device based on gas-liquid discharge mode conversion and intelligent regulation, and the method comprises the steps: monitoring and predicting an icing state, and adjusting the output of a multi-gear adjustable power supply according to a prediction result, so as to generate weak spark discharge; when the icing condition is met, the needed energy is calculated according to the monitoring data to adjust the output of the multi-gear adjustable power supply so as to generate dielectric barrier glow discharge, and the discharge parameter is dynamically adjusted to maximize the strong heat input effect; the forming time and position of a gas-liquid mixture cavity under the condition of dielectric barrier glow discharge are predicted in real time by introducing a thermodynamic principle and an ice layer melting model, and after the cavity is detected to be formed, the optimal opportunity and energy of strong arc discharge are determined according to cavity parameters; therefore, the output of the multi-gear adjustable power supply is adjusted to generate strong arc discharge, and the cavity of the gas-liquid mixture is induced to expand and break, so that the ice layer falls off. The invention provides a more efficient, environment-friendly and reliable deicing solution.

According to the mixed phase ice crystal particle ground generation and icing experiment device and method, a water spray head generates a water drop particle swarm, an ice crystal particle generation device generates an ice crystal particle swarm, the water drop particle swarm and the ice crystal particle swarm are mixed in a controllable proportion to form an ice-water mixed phase, and then a mixed phase icing experiment can be achieved. The experimental device comprises an air duct system, a water drop atomization generation system, an ice crystal particle generation system, an impact surface system and a measurement system, the air duct system comprises an axial flow fan, an air duct and an experiment cavity; the impact surface system comprises an impact surface assembly, the water drop atomization generation system and the ice crystal particle generation system are used for providing water drops and ice crystals respectively, the axial flow fan provides high-speed airflow, the water drops and the ice crystals are conveyed through the air duct to impact the impact surface assembly at a high speed, and an impact icing experiment of a mixed phase is achieved; the measuring system is used for measuring the air speed, temperature and humidity in the air duct and measuring the thickness and temperature of an ice layer of the impact surface assembly.

The present invention relates to the field of detection equipment technology, solving the technical problem in the prior art that sensors are still easily lost in severe icing conditions. In particular, it relates to an anti-icing sensor with a V-shaped concave-convex groove on the windward side. A temperature measuring end is provided on the side of the sensor housing away from the mounting seat. The temperature measuring end is provided with an anti-icing structure. The sensitive element is connected to the sensor housing and is located on the inner side or leeward side of the temperature measuring end. The cross-section of the windward end parallel to the airflow direction is an isosceles triangle. The first vertex of the isosceles triangle of the windward end faces the direction of the incoming flow. The groove at the front edge of the windward end has a V-shaped cross-section. As the flow direction extends, the groove width increases with a linear gradient and the groove depth decreases with a linear gradient, forming a continuous three-dimensional topological surface. The present invention uses the different affinity and repellency surface properties of the concave-convex steps to break up water droplets and even water films, accelerate the flow of water droplets in the groove, reduce the overall ice adhesion of the windward end surface by nearly half, and greatly reduce the damage of ice to downstream components.

The present invention relates to the field of intelligent meat preservation equipment, and provides a movable assembled meat non-crystallization frozen intelligent preservation rack. It includes a main frame and a control system. The main frame is provided with a storage space with adjustable layer spacing and stackable turnover boxes. The back panel of the rack frame is integrated with a touch-type power interface, a multi-point temperature sensor and a control system; a porous composite electrode plate is arranged opposite the side panels on both sides of the rack to generate a controllable electric field; the control system is arranged on the back panel of the rack, and by inputting meat raw material information and ambient temperature, the control system decides and outputs non-crystallization frozen storage and abnormal ice early warning ablation electric field parameters, and the electrode plate space forms a multi-mode feedback matching electric field to inhibit ice nucleus formation. The non-crystallization frozen intelligent preservation rack provided by the invention can be flexibly connected in parallel, and is suitable for different preservation needs of multiple raw materials and multiple scenes, breaking the boundaries of traditional freezing and refrigeration temperature zones, and realizing intelligent preservation of frozen quality and cold storage.

The invention provides a low-energy-consumption mechanical anti-icing and de-icing device and method and an aircraft skin structure, and the device comprises a passive anti-icing part which comprises an elastic interlayer, and the elastic interlayer is used for being adhered to the first side face of a skin of an aircraft; the elastic interlayer at least comprises a lubricating material capable of reducing the ice adhesion strength; the active deicing part comprises a force applying device, and the force applying device faces the second side face, away from the first side face, of the skin; wherein the aircraft is frozen to form an ice layer-elastic interlayer-skin three-layer structure under the freezing condition, the force application device applies stress load to the second side face of the skin, and the ice layer is actively induced to be broken; through deformation of the elastic interlayer, stress load is concentrated on the ice layer, critical fracture displacement needed for inducing fracture of the ice layer is passively reduced, and meanwhile, through the anti-adhesion effect of the elastic interlayer, the fractured ice layer is promoted to fall off from the elastic interlayer. Through the device provided by the invention, efficient deicing with low energy consumption, repeated use and no damage to the skin structure is realized.

The invention relates to a four-degree-of-freedom icing adhesion strength testing device and a testing method. The testing device comprises a fixed platform, and a refrigerating and freezing module and a four-degree-of-freedom motion testing module which are arranged on the fixed platform. The fixed platform comprises a flat plate and a height-adjustable telescopic rod. The refrigerating and freezing module comprises a refrigerating platform, a refrigerating plate inclination angle assembly and at least one ice making mold. The four-degree-of-freedom motion test module comprises a Z-axis moving sliding table, a Y-axis rotating inclination angle assembly, an X-axis moving sliding table, a Y-axis moving sliding table, a pull and push dynamometer clamp and a pull and push dynamometer; the pull and push dynamometer can drive ice blocks in the ice making mold to be separated from a test sample under the driving of the Z-axis moving sliding table, the Y-axis rotating dip angle assembly, the X-axis moving sliding table and the Y-axis moving sliding table. Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of high experiment efficiency, wide measurement range, adjustable experiment parameters, diversified measurement modes and the like.

The invention discloses a super-amphiphobic flame-retardant ice-resistant coating as well as a preparation method and application of the super-amphiphobic flame-retardant ice-resistant coating with a multi-layer surface coating, and belongs to the technical field of functional materials of electrical equipment. The coating comprises micron-sized ammonium polyphosphate, a nano-sized inorganic filler, fluorinated alkyl silane and a fluorine surfactant, the super-amphiphobic, flame-retardant and ice-resistant coating is constructed through multi-scale components, and the super-amphiphobic, flame-retardant and ice-resistant coating is spontaneously assembled on the surface of a base material in the coating process to form a coating surface with a molecular nanometer, micrometer and macroscopic multi-level structure; the coating shows good super-amphiphobic characteristics, the contact angle of the structure surface after long-time placement under the room temperature condition is basically kept unchanged, the contact angle to water and oil is still larger than 150 degrees after multiple times of cyclic friction and washing, meanwhile, the coating has excellent flame retardance, ice resistance and wear resistance, the icing delay time is greatly prolonged, and the coating has the good anti-freezing effect. And no open fire is generated when the cable is in contact with an external fire source, so that the cable has important engineering application value for electric power facilities under harsh environmental conditions.

The invention discloses an icing monitoring method and system for a corner reflector deployed based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and relates to the technical field of environment monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: deploying a corner reflector network, collecting radar cross-section characteristics and environment parameters to generate a data packet, and carrying out the icing monitoring based on the generated data packet; calculating a signal-to-clutter ratio, obtaining a standard deviation of target positioning and phase estimation by using a Cramer-Rao lower bound method, generating a dynamic weight by using the standard deviation, obtaining a corner reflector icing thickness estimation value through data fusion, and generating an optimized signal-to-clutter ratio based on the icing thickness estimation value; and carrying out cooperative judgment by utilizing the generated optimized signal-to-clutter ratio and combining the icing thickness and the attitude deviation, triggering combined adjustment based on a judgment result, and after the combined adjustment is triggered, obtaining the SAR image again and carrying out main and auxiliary image registration and interference pair optimization. According to the invention, the sensing precision and the monitoring robustness of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the state of the corner reflector in an icing environment are improved.

The utility model relates to the field of water conservancy equipment, and discloses intelligent icing protection equipment for a water conservancy gate, the intelligent icing protection equipment comprises a water conservancy gate frame, a gate plate is arranged in the water conservancy gate frame, two limiting grooves are symmetrically formed in the inner side wall of the water conservancy gate frame, and the side of the gate plate extends into the limiting grooves; an installation plate is fixedly installed on one side of the flashboard, an electric heating piece is started to heat the flashboard, the flashboard is prevented from being frozen to the maximum degree, and if the external temperature continuously drops and the front side of the flashboard is still frozen, an electric push rod will push an ice breaking base and an ice breaking rod to move downwards; according to the device, the intelligent anti-icing effect of the flashboard can be achieved, ice blocks formed in front of the flashboard can be broken through vertical movement of the ice breaking base and the ice breaking rod, and stable operation and normal function exertion of water conservancy facilities in the low-temperature environment are guaranteed.

The invention relates to a capsule plug system for plugging a hydraulic tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of sealing of hydraulic engineering. The system comprises a refrigerating machine arranged outside the hydraulic tunnel and a cylindrical water bag stuffed into the hydraulic tunnel. An evaporation pipe is wound on the surface of the water bag and a gap is formed between one circle of the surface of the water bag and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel; the water bag is filled with saline water; a refrigerant is injected into the evaporation pipe, and the evaporation pipe is connected with the refrigerating machine to form a closed circulation loop; when the system works, water in a gap between the surface of the water bag and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel freezes and forms a circle of annular tooth-shaped gap ice plug between the surface of the water bag and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel along with circulating flow of a refrigerant in the circulating loop, and water pressure is resisted through friction force between the gap ice plug and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel. Compared with a traditional hydraulic tunnel plugging method, the system can rapidly plug the hydraulic tunnel with low energy consumption.

A device may include a membrane. A device may include a piezo element configured to emit an ultrasonic signal via the membrane, wherein the membrane is configured to emit infrared energy when it receives an energy input.