247 results about "Outside air temperature" patented technology

A vehicle control device and a method thereof are provided. The vehicle control device includes a processor, a memory, a battery, a battery heater, and a battery chiller. The processor determines a mode associated with a coolant, using at least one of a target distance of a vehicle, a traveling start time, or an outside air temperature, or any combination thereof, before the vehicle travels. The processor identifies a first threshold temperature using a designated first dataset, heats a temperature of the coolant up to the first threshold temperature using the battery heater, and identifies a second threshold temperature using a designated second dataset, in response to determining the mode associated with the coolant is a cool storage mode, and cools the temperature of the coolant up to the second threshold temperature using the battery chiller, while the coolant flows through the coolant flow line.

An engine system includes: a combustor including an ignition unit configured to ignite the fuel gas and configured to generate combustion gas that heats a catalyst; an outside air temperature detection unit configured to detect an outside air temperature; a catalyst temperature detection unit configured to detect a temperature of the catalyst; an operating environment detection unit configured to detect an operating environment of the combustor; a combustion time determination unit configured to determine combustion time of the combustor; and a start control unit configured to, at a time of starting the engine, perform ON control on a starter and the ignition unit and control a third fuel supply valve, a first flow rate control valve, and a second flow rate control valve to open, and thereafter when the combustion time elapses, perform OFF control on the ignition unit and control the third fuel supply valve to close.

In a vehicle control device and a method thereof, the vehicle control device includes a processor, a memory, and a battery. The processor is configured to identify a route from a first location of a vehicle to a second location of the vehicle and an estimated time of arrival when the vehicle will arrive at the second location, obtains predicted energy consumption to be consumed while the vehicle is traveling along the route, divides the route into at least one partial route, identifies a predicted load current to be generated from the battery in the at least one divided partial route, and obtains a predicted temperature of the battery, which will be identified if the vehicle arrives at the second location, using at least one of an outside air temperature, the predicted load current, an initial temperature of the battery, or a state of charge (SOC) value of the battery, or any combination thereof.

A vehicle power management system includes a battery, an air conditioner driven by power of the battery, an external power supply device that enables external power supply where the power of the battery is supplied to an external electric device, and a determination unit. The determination unit determines whether an operation restriction of an air conditioner is executed during the external power supply. The determination unit determines that the operation restriction is executed when all of following four conditions are satisfied: (A-1) a target blowout temperature is less than a predetermined blowout threshold temperature during cooling; (A-2) an outside air temperature exceeds a predetermined outside air threshold temperature during cooling; (A-3) a refrigerant temperature after heat is exchanged with an air blown into the vehicle cabin exceeds a predetermined refrigerant threshold temperature during cooling; and (A-4) a blower air volume of the air conditioner exceeds a predetermined threshold air volume.

The invention discloses an efficient and energy-saving production workshop ventilation system and method, and relates to the technical field of production workshop ventilation, the workshop ventilation system comprises an environment detection module, a quality evaluation module, a ventilation heat exchange module and an energy-saving regulation and control module, the environment detection module comprises an acquisition unit, the acquisition unit is used for acquiring air multi-dimensional detection data in the workshop main body and air temperature outside the workshop main body; the invention also discloses a workshop ventilation method, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the air quality indexes and the temperature and humidity indexes of different regions in the workshop main body through separately monitoring the different regions of the workshop; and when the air quality index or the temperature and humidity index of a certain area reaches a critical value, an optimal ventilation and heat exchange regulation and control scheme with the highest ventilation and heat exchange efficiency and the least energy consumption is formulated for the area, so that the effect of improving the ventilation and heat exchange response rate and the energy utilization rate is achieved under the condition that the workshop air quality and the environment comfort degree are maintained. And the effects of saving energy and reducing the maintenance cost are achieved.

To provide a presentation method enabling a user of an air conditioner to understand from what kind of viewpoint a preset temperature to be set in the air conditioner is determined.SOLUTION: A presentation method comprises a presentation step where a computer presents a first matrix in which a first axis is set as a preset temperature of an air conditioner and a second axis is set as an outside air temperature. The presentation step presents the first matrix in a mode showing the preset temperature to be set on the air conditioner and determined on the basis of a parameter related to comfort of a user of the air conditioner and the change of the parameter.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 13

According to the valve used in the low-temperature environment, the electric heating wire is wound on the valve, when the temperature of the using environment of the valve is lower than the temperature of water freezing, the temperature sensor transmits a signal to the controller, the controller controls the electric heating wire to be powered on, and the temperature in the installation space rises after the electric heating wire is powered on; by means of the structure, it can be guaranteed that water in the valve cannot be frozen under the condition that the outside air temperature is low, normal use of the valve is guaranteed, it is guaranteed that the valve cannot be frozen to crack, the installation space can be filled with heat preservation filler through seasoning openings formed in the first shell and the second shell, and the service life of the valve is prolonged. And a heating layer is constructed for the valve through the joint work of the heat preservation filler in the mounting space and the electric heating wire, so that the integrity of the valve can be further ensured, and the valve can be continuously used.

The invention relates to the technical field of water tank temperature monitoring, in particular to a monitoring system for a temperature detector to detect the temperature of a water tank, which comprises an intelligent temperature control core management module, a heating effect self-adaptive optimization module and a temperature abnormity sound-light alarm module, setting a heating time interval A according to a specific heat capacity and power formula; the heating effect self-adaptive optimization module adjusts a heating time interval A to a heating time interval B through a time adjustment method, and outputs a control instruction and the heating time interval B to a heating fan; if the indoor temperature value B is larger than the upper limit of the temperature threshold value, the heating completion time is set as the starting time of the detection time threshold value, and in the northeast cold region, the temperature between the fire water tanks is influenced by various factors such as the outside air temperature and the operation state of a heating fan, and the detection time threshold value is adjusted; and the temperature inspection intelligent scheduling unit closely fits the actual change condition of the indoor temperature.

This air conditioner control device comprises: a demand response information acquisition unit that acquires demand response information which includes a start time of a demand response and an end time thereof; a prediction unit that, when a start-time indoor temperature and a start-time outside air temperature at the start time of the demand response have been input, uses a temperature prediction model for outputting a prediction of a transition in indoor temperature by the demand response to predict an end-time indoor temperature at the end time of the demand response; and a setting unit that sets a target temperature to which the start-time indoor temperature has been adjusted so that the end-time indoor temperature is within a preset first temperature range.

Embodiments of the disclosure describe a Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system and method for generating fire alerts for an indoor environment having a plurality of zones. The method comprises receiving, from an outside air temperature (OAT) sensor of the HVAC system, a current outside temperature value for an outdoor environment. Further, the method comprises receiving, from a zone sensor associated with the HVAC system, a current zone temperature value associated with a corresponding zone, from among the plurality of zones, in the indoor environment. Furthermore, the method comprises detecting, when the current zone temperature value is greater than the current outside temperature value, whether a rate of change of the current zone temperature value is greater than a predefined threshold value. Additionally, the method comprises generating a fire alert for the zone based on the detection step.

To provide a vehicle structure of an electric vehicle that can reduce power consumption during air-heating.SOLUTION: A vehicle structure of an electric vehicle comprises: a heater-type air-heating circuit in which a first heat medium is circulated; a heat pump circuit in which a second heat medium is circulated; a control part that controls the circuits; an outdoor air temperature sensor; a speed sensor; and a sensing mechanism that senses a rainfall state or a snowfall state. The heat pump circuit comprises an outer capacitor, a fan, and an expansion valve. When air-heating efficiency lowers, and when the control part determines that a running condition that frost easily adheres to the outer capacitor on the basis of information from the outdoor air temperature sensor, the speed sensor, and the sensing mechanism, the control part increases the output of the heater, then stops the fan, and executes first control of stopping diffusion and inflation of the second heat medium in the expansion valve.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

An air conditioning control apparatus includes a storage and a processor. The storage stores a recommended temperature setting previously set in accordance with an outside air temperature outside a vehicle. The processor stores an off-time outside air temperature and an off-time temperature setting in the storage at a time of turning off a vehicle's ignition switch. The processor controls a vehicle air conditioner based on the off-time temperature setting, upon turning on the ignition switch and when a difference between an outside air temperature at present and the off-time outside air temperature is less than a predetermined value, and controls the vehicle air conditioner based on the recommended temperature setting corresponding to the outside air temperature at present, upon turning on the ignition switch and when the difference between the outside air temperature at present and the off-time outside air temperature is greater than or equal to the predetermined value.

In a refrigerant circuit in which an indoor unit is connected to an outdoor unit by a refrigerant pipe, a predetermined amount of refrigerant is filled, the outdoor unit has a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, and an expansion valve, and the indoor unit has an indoor heat exchanger. The air conditioner has a calculation model that calculates an amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit using at least a rotational speed of the compressor, a refrigerant discharge temperature of the compressor, a heat exchanger temperature, an opening degree of the expansion valve, and an outside air temperature, which are amounts indicating an operating state at the time of operation. The indoor heat exchanger has a sensor for detecting a temperature of refrigerant flowing through an indoor heat exchanger intermediate portion that connects a first indoor heat exchanger port portion and a second indoor heat exchanger port portion. The outdoor heat exchanger has an outdoor heat exchanger intermediate portion that connects a first outdoor heat exchanger port portion and a second outdoor heat exchanger port portion, and a sensor provided in the second outdoor heat exchanger port portion for detecting a temperature of refrigerant flowing from an outdoor heat exchanger outlet of the second outdoor heat exchanger port portion at the time of refrigeration operation. The present invention provides an air conditioner that can calculate the amount of refrigerant remaining even when only limited sensors are provided.

A microclimate system for vehicle occupants includes a plurality of microclimate thermoeffectors. Each microclimate thermoeffector at least partially controls the climate in at least one of a plurality of occupant zones. Each microclimate thermoeffector includes a sensor configured to determine microclimate temperature data corresponding to the zone. A controller includes an input configured to receive vehicle temperature data from a vehicle data bus, the vehicle temperature data including cabin temperature and outside air temperature. The controller fuses the microclimate temperature data with vehicle temperature data and determines an estimated local equivalent temperature for each microclimate thermoeffector. The controller also provides a temperature command to each microclimate thermoeffector based on the estimated local equivalent temperature corresponding to the microclimate thermoeffector.

An embodiment oil temperature control system for an electric vehicle includes a heat exchange unit that performs heat exchange between an oil for cooling a driving motor and a coolant, a temperature sensor including an oil temperature sensor or an outside air temperature sensor, a controller that receives a signal from the temperature sensor to determine whether a heat generation mode entry condition to cause a power electronic part to generate heat is satisfied and operates the power electronic part in a heat generation mode when the heat generation mode entry condition is satisfied, and a cooling system that allows the coolant used to cool the power electronic part operating in the heat generation mode to circulate through a passage penetrating the heat exchange unit so that the coolant exchanges heat with the oil in the heat exchange unit.

Air conditioning system for a vehicle with an idle-stop function, comprising: an indoor / outdoor air ratio control device (21a, 21b, 28) for controlling an introduction ratio between indoor and outdoor air, wherein the indoor / outdoor air ratio control device (21a, 21b, 28) is installed in a vehicle with an idle-stop function of an engine (11) and has an indoor / outdoor air flap (21a) for switching indoor and outdoor air, which is arranged in an air conditioning duct, which introduces outdoor air from outside a vehicle interior via an outdoor air inlet (21i) and indoor air from inside the vehicle interior via an indoor air inlet (21j) and discharges the outdoor and indoor air into the vehicle interior via a nozzle (21k),wherein the indoor / outdoor air flap (21a) is arranged downstream of the indoor and outdoor air inlet and comprises an indoor / outdoor air flap actuator (21b) for actuating the indoor / outdoor air flap (21a); ​​an air flow rate control device (21c, 28) arranged downstream of the indoor / outdoor air ratio control device in the air conditioning duct and which controls an air flow rate of the air to be introduced; a temperature control device (21d, 28) arranged downstream of the air flow rate control device in the air conditioning duct and which controls the temperature of the introduced air in response to activation of the motor; an air conditioning operating section (29) configured for setting the air flow rate, a temperature, and an indoor / outdoor air mode for air conditioning; and an outdoor air temperature sensing device (31) for sensing the outdoor air temperature, characterized in thatthat the air conditioning system has an air conditioning control unit (28), A / C ECU (28), for performing general control of the air conditioning system, wherein the air conditioning control unit (28) is configured, while the vehicle is in an idle-stop state and the outside air mode is set by the air conditioning operating section (29), to adjust the opening degree of the inside / outside air flap (21a) to a first predetermined opening degree (Θ1) by means of the inside / outside air flap actuator (21b), thereby causing the proportion of outside air to be higher than that of inside air when the outside air temperature (Ta) detected by the outside air temperature sensing device (31) is lower than a first predetermined temperature (T1); to adjust the opening degree of the inside / outside air flap (21a) to a second predetermined opening degree (Θ2) to cause the proportion of inside air to be higher than that of outside air,when the outside air temperature (Ta) is greater than or equal to a second preset temperature (T2), and to adjust the opening degree of the inside / outside air flap (21a) according to the outside air temperature (Ta) to a value between the first preset opening degree (Θ1) and the second preset opening degree (Θ2), when the outside air temperature (Ta) is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature (T1) and lower than the second preset temperature (T2), and the air conditioning control (28) is further configured, while the vehicle is in the idle-stop state, for the air flow control device (21c, 28) to set a blower stage of a blower unit (21c) to a preset blower stage (Lo2) when the blower stage is greater than or equal to the preset blower stage (Lo2), and to maintain the blower stage of the blower unit (21c) at the current stage when the The fan speed is lower than the specified speed (Lo2).

To provide a vehicle air conditioner which can inhibit erroneous judgment of frost formation to achieve high performance.SOLUTION: A vehicle air conditioner includes: an outdoor heat exchanger 11 which exchanges heat with outside air; a compressor 13 which compresses a refrigerant; an outside air temperature sensor 21 configured to detect an outside air temperature Ta; a refrigerant temperature sensor 22 configured to detect a refrigerant outlet temperature Tr which is an outlet temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 11; and a determination part 23 which determines whether or not frost is formed on the outdoor heat exchanger 11 based on a temperature difference ΔT between the detected outside air temperature Ta and the refrigerant outlet temperature Tr. The determination part 23 adds a correction value C set according to a rotation number R of the compressor 13 to the temperature difference ΔT to determine whether or not frost is formed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

To provide a refrigerator that can prevent freezing (malfunction) of dampers and other components, as well as condensation inside the refrigerator compartment, even when the outside temperature is close to the target temperature of the refrigerator compartment. [Solution] The refrigerator 1 comprises a refrigerator compartment 21, an outside air temperature sensor 101, a control unit 130, a door 21X that opens and closes the opening of the refrigerator compartment 21, and a condensation prevention heater 210 provided in the partition separating the inside and outside of the door 21X. The control unit 130 temporarily activates the heater 210 when the outside air temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor 101 is below a predetermined threshold.

The present invention provides a work machine capable of operating in the same manner as with an operation state in a normal environment even when used in a low-temperature environment where the outside air temperature is low.　The present invention comprises a battery (6), an electrical device (5) that is supplied with electric power from the battery (6), and a control device (8) that controls charging of the battery (6). The control device (8) has at least a low-temperature environment mode (Mc1) in which charging control of the battery (6) is performed in a low-temperature environment, and a normal environment mode (Mc2) in which charging control of the battery (6) is performed in a normal environment at a higher temperature than the low-temperature environment. A first full-charge amount value that is for use in a normal environment, and a second full-charge amount value that is for use in a low-temperature environment and is set to a higher value than the first full-charge amount value, are set as full-charge amount values for the battery (6). In the normal environment mode (Mc2), the battery (6) is charged to the first full-charge amount value, and in the low-temperature environment mode (Mc1), the battery (6) is charged to the second full-charge amount value.

To provide a control device for a vehicle which can quickly detect a fire and inform a user, such as a driver, of the fire when a fire occurs in a tunnel.SOLUTION: A control device for a vehicle provides notification based on peripheral information obtained from the outside and includes: a tunnel information acquisition unit which acquires at least one of an outdoor temperature and a smoke concentration at an entrance of a tunnel in a predetermined range from the vehicle; a tunnel fire occurrence detection unit which determines whether the at least one of the outdoor temperature and the smoke concentration is higher than or equal to a given threshold value determined in advance; and an evacuation control unit which performs evacuation control for evacuating the vehicle from a predetermined tunnel to the user when the predetermined tunnel exists that meets at least one of conditions that the outdoor temperature is higher than or equal to the given outdoor temperature and the smoke concentration is higher than or equal to the given concentration.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Disclosed are an electronic device for controlling a temperature of a speaker and a method of controlling the electronic device. The electronic device includes a sensor configured to detect an outside air temperature, a speaker configured to output a sound, and at least one processor. The at least one processor predicts energy of the sound. The at least one processor predicts an amount of an increase or decrease in temperature of the speaker from the predicted energy of the sound. The at least one processor predicts a predicted temperature of the speaker on the basis of the outside air temperature and the amount of the increase or decrease in temperature of the speaker. The at least one processor maintains a temperature of the speaker to a threshold temperature or lower on the basis of the predicted temperature and the threshold temperature of the speaker.

To provide a method for producing a geopolymer cured body capable of satisfying both compressive strength and bending strength without making a curing environment high temperature and high humidity and without being influenced by an outside air temperature.SOLUTION: A method for producing the geopolymer cured body according to the present invention includes: a step (P1) of preparing a plurality of materials including fly ash, slag, water glass, alkali metal hydroxide and water to form a geopolymer paste; and a step (P3) of curing the geopolymer paste filled into a formwork for a predetermined period of time in a curing chamber in which the room temperature is adjusted to be 30°C or higher and 50°C or lower.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

If a radiator (2) is disposed on the vehicle rearward side of an outside air introduction port (1) for introducing outside air from outside frontward of the vehicle, and an outside air temperature sensor (3) is disposed in a vehicle frontward-side space of the radiator (2), an air guide (4) for guiding traveling wind to the radiator (2) is provided with a lateral partition wall section (5) which extends to the vehicle frontward side along a vehicle width direction end section and which constitutes a partition wall on the vehicle lateral side of the vehicle frontward side space of the radiator (2), and the outside air temperature sensor (3) is attached to a sensor support section (6) which is provided so as to project inward in the vehicle width direction from the lateral partition wall section (5) of the air guide (4) toward the vehicle frontward-side space of the radiator (2).

The invention provides a road surface drawing apparatus for a vehicle. The present invention addresses the problem of suppressing glare to people due to reflection of pattern light from a road surface drawing device on an icy road surface. A road surface drawing device of a vehicle includes a road surface drawing lamp that emits pattern light, and a controller that controls the road surface drawing lamp. The controller determines a plurality of conditions including a first condition, a second condition, and a third condition every time the vehicle travels a fixed distance (Dc). The first condition is that the outside air temperature of the vehicle is equal to or less than a predetermined temperature (Tth). The second condition is that the brightness of the reflected light in the irradiation area of the headlamp of the vehicle is equal to or less than the predetermined brightness (BRth). The third condition is that at least one of the ABS, the ESC, and the TRC is operated during the travel of the vehicle at the most recent predetermined distance (Dp). When the plurality of conditions are satisfied, the controller executes glare reduction control for stopping irradiation of at least a portion of the pattern light, reducing the amount of light, or changing the form of the pattern light.

The present invention relates to the field of flue gas purification, and particularly to a high-temperature flue gas purification method and system. The method first obtains the flue gas temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the independent cooling channel section and the flue gas temperatures and flue gas humidity at the inlet and outlet of the mixed cooling channel section at the current moment, and simultaneously obtains the outside air temperature and the air intake volume in the air inlet channel communicating with the mixed cooling channel section, adjusts the water spray volume of the independent cooling channel section, and based on the obtained real-time water spray volume, first cools the flue gas in the independent cooling channel section. Based on the obtained final atomized water content and the final air intake volume, the flue gas in the mixed cooling channel section is cooled again to obtain the finally cooled flue gas, and the finally cooled flue gas is purified. The present invention can effectively reduce the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas to a reasonable range and improve the purification effect on the high-temperature flue gas.

To provide an air conditioner for a vehicle which can avoid execution of ventilation immediately after a temperature in a cabin reaches a target temperature, can suppress an air conditioning load at the time of starting operation, and can suppress increase of energy consumption.SOLUTION: A control device 13 ventilates the inside of a cabin when an outside air temperature is closer to a target temperature in the cabin than the temperature in the cabin. Therefore, execution of ventilation immediately after the temperature in the cabin reaches the target temperature can be avoided. Outside air is replaced with the air in the cabin at the time of starting operation, thereby an air conditioning load at the time of starting operation can be suppressed when the outside air temperature is closer to the target temperature in the cabin than the temperature in the cabin. The number of ventilations performed after the starting operation and a ventilation quantity can be reduced, which can suppress increase of energy consumption.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 20

A power amount control device (10) has a storage unit (180) that stores situation information as training data (550). The power amount control device (10) also comprises a training data reuse unit (161) that, if new situation information including an unencountered outside air temperature range that is not stored as the training data (550) is generated in an operation stage, identifies situation information having the same in-room initial temperature level, load arrangement pattern, and air-conditioning control level in an outside air temperature range closest to the outside air temperature of the unencountered outside air temperature range, reuses an air-conditioning power function and a temperature function indicated by the identified situation information, and sets the air-conditioning control level indicated by the identified situation information to the new situation information after a prescribed adjustment process has been carried out.

To provide a vehicle air conditioning system which considers clothes of an occupant when getting in a vehicle to change temperature in a cabin.SOLUTION: A vehicle air conditioning system 1 comprises: a temperature sensor 7 which detects current atmospheric temperature T; a detection device 10 which detects an occupant 21; a memory which conserves characteristic data 25, 26 in which clothing level data CLr with respect to atmospheric temperature data Tr and setting temperature Pt of an air-conditioner unit 6 are generated for each occupant 21; and a control unit 2 which compares a clothing level CL with the clothing level data CLr corresponding to the atmospheric temperature data Tr of the characteristic data 25, 26, refers to the setting temperature Pt of the clothing level data CLr in which the clothing level CL is included from the characteristic data 25, 26, and drives and controls the air-conditioner unit 6.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Provided is an air conditioner. The air conditioner includes a compressor, a power module configured to drive the compressor, a power module temperature sensor configured to detect the temperature of the power module, a memory configured to store one or more computer programs, and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the compressor, the power module, the power module temperature sensor, and the memory, wherein the one or more computer programs include computer-executable instructions that, when executed individually or collectively by the one or more processors, cause the air conditioner to: determine whether a current of the compressor corresponding to a target frequency of the compressor is greater than or equal to an upper limit current corresponding to the outside air temperature, and, on the basis of determining that the current of the compressor is greater than or equal to the upper limit current corresponding to the outside air temperature, limit the current applied to the compressor to a value less than the upper limit current corresponding to the outside air temperature when the outside air temperature is less than a reference temperature, and increase the current applied to the compressor to a value greater than or equal to the upper limit current on the basis of the detected temperature of the power module when the outside air temperature is greater than or equal to the reference temperature.

Method for controlling a hybrid powertrain system (20) comprising an internal combustion engine (40), wherein the method comprises controlling the operation of the hybrid powertrain system (20) in response to a trajectory of a preferred minimum coolant temperature for the internal combustion engine (40), wherein controlling the operation of the hybrid powertrain system (20) comprises performing a control of the hybrid powertrain system (20) in response to the trajectory of the preferred minimum coolant temperature for the internal combustion engine (40) and in response to an engine coolant temperature, characterized in that several trajectories (312, 314, 316, 318, 320) of the preferred minimum coolant temperature comprise minimum coolant temperatures related to a vehicle running time (310) that are associated with an initial warm-up phase of operation and a stabilized phase of operation, An outside air temperature, the vehicle running time (310) and a vehicle warm-up time are used to select the trajectory of the preferred minimum coolant temperature from the several trajectories (312, 314, 316, 318, 320), and The execution of the control of the hybrid powertrain system (20) includes: a basic characteristic map of an engine heat dissipation response for the internal combustion engine (40) is adapted with a scalar multiplier, which is determined with reference to a difference between the trajectory of the preferred minimum coolant temperature for the internal combustion engine (40) and the engine coolant temperature, wherein the basic characteristic map of the engine heat dissipation response includes basic operating costs (430) for heat dissipation, which are determined with reference to engine operating points defined by an engine speed (420) and an engine torque (410) for the internal combustion engine (40), and wherein the scalar multiplier is adjusted to minimize the operation of the internal combustion engine (40) associated with achieving the preferred minimum coolant temperature; and The operation of the internal combustion engine (40) is controlled to generate heat in order to ensure that the coolant temperature follows the trajectory of the preferred minimum coolant temperature.