The invention discloses a test machine and a test method for real-time and dynamic observation of end surface torsion friction and abrasion of a friction interface. The test machine comprises a pressure applying device, a rotary platform, a friction interface observing device and an adjusting device, wherein the pressure applying device comprises a lever, a lever bracket and weights, the rotary platform comprises a motor, a shaft encoder and a worm and gear transmission mechanism, the friction interface observing device comprises a high-speed camera, a torque sensor and a pressure sensor, and the adjusting device comprises a level and a vertical adjustable rod element. The axial loading is applied to a lower specimen by the lever and the weights, the rotary platform drives an upper specimen to do reciprocating torsion, the high-speed microscopic camera is used for observing the friction interface, the torsion friction and abrasion tests under different external loads are simulated by the adding and reducing of the weights, the change of the torsion frequency and the like, then the friction coefficient, the abrasion shape and the abrasion chip real-time movement in the friction process are obtained, and the friction and abrasion performances of transparent material in the whole process are evaluated. The test machine has the advantages that the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and the repetitiveness is high.