There is provided a precision roll turning lathe includes: a
bed 10; a
headstock 12, mounted on the
bed 10, for rotating a roll-shaped workpiece while holding one end of the workpiece by means of a chuck, said
headstock having an indexing axis (C axis) for performing circumferential indexing of the workpiece; a
tail stock 14, mounted on the
bed 10 and disposed opposite the
headstock 12, for rotatably supporting the other end of the workpiece; a
carriage 16 including a
saddle 26 mounted on the bed 10 movably in the longitudinal direction (Z-axis direction) of the workpiece, and a table 28 mounted on the
saddle 26 movably in a direction (X-axis direction) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the workpiece; a tool swivel 30 mounted on the table 28 and having an indexing axis (B axis); a tool post 33 mounted on the tool swivel 30 and having a plurality of
cutting tools 36 attached thereto; and a fly cutter spindle device 34 mounted to the tool post 33. The precision roll turning lathe can not only
machine with high precision circumferential transverse grooves in the
peripheral surface of a roll but can also
machine with high precision longitudinal grooves in the
peripheral surface.