The invention belongs to the technology of rotor transmission of an aircraft, and particularly relates to a multi-shaft rotor aircraft and a transmission mechanism thereof. The multi-shaft rotor aircraft transmission mechanism comprises a reduction gear, a distribution gear and at least four groups of rotor transmission assemblies, wherein the reduction gear and the distribution gear are coaxial and synchronous; the reduction gear is connected with an external engine through a primary gear; each rotor transmission assembly comprises an acceleration gear, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a transmission shaft, a third bevel gear and a fourth bevel gear which are sequentially meshed and connected; the acceleration gears and the distribution gear are meshed and connected, the fourth bevel gears and the rotor are coaxial and synchronous, and the rotor can be driven to rotate, so that the single engine can drive the multi-shaft rotor, a power system for an even number of rotors with more than four shafts can be expanded, and the rotating direction of each shaft can be configured randomly; therefore, the multi-axial rotor aircraft can have higher loading capacity and longer cruise duration than an electric multi-rotor aircraft.