75 results about "Balance of plant" patented technology

Some embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for more accurately determining the cause of a particular fault in an electrochemical cell based on an impedance measurement characterizing the electrochemical cell. In some very specific embodiments the impedance of an electrochemical cell or stack is measured across a range of frequencies to determine a corresponding impedance signature characterizing the present state of the electrochemical cell or stack. By evaluating the impedance signature in comparison to reference information, a number of faults may be detected. In some more specific embodiments once a corresponding specific fault is determined and an indication is provided to a user and/or a balance-of-plant monitoring system, which may be used to adjust the operating parameters of an electrochemical cell module to compensate for and/or reverse the detrimental effects caused by a particular fault.

The invention provides a pesticide emulsifiable concentrate preparation which comprises the following components by weight percent: 1-70 percent of pesticide active ingredients, 0-8 percent of stabilizer, 1-25 percent of cosolvent, 5-20 percent of emulsifier and the balance of plant source solvent, wherein the plant source solvent is one or more of alpha-pinene, D-limonene and Jatropha curcas oilmethyl. Compared with the prior art, the pesticide emulsifiable concentrate preparation does not contain any arene organic solvents or other non-environment-protection dissolving assistant, is friendly and safe for the environment, has high security for human and crops, favorable safety in the process of production, storage, transportation and use as well as better integrative preventing effect than that of a pesticide emulsifiable concentrate preparation prepared by applying arene solvents.

Hydrogen generators and power module systems that use solid chemical hydrides and acidic reagents for hydrogen storage and generation on demand are disclosed. The generators incorporate mechanisms for controlling the contact between solid chemical hydride and acidic reagents to control the rate of hydrogen generation and characteristics of the reaction products, including bulk density. The preferred systems of the present invention combine functions of fuel reagent storage, reaction chamber, and gas-liquid separation into a minimum number of components to reduce the balance of plant of hydrogen generation systems.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for more accurately determining the cause of a particular fault in an electrochemical cell based on an impedance measurement characterizing the electrochemical cell. In some very specific embodiments the impedance of an electrochemical cell or stack is measured across a range of frequencies to determine a corresponding impedance signature characterizing the present state of the electrochemical cell or stack. By evaluating the impedance signature in comparison to reference information, a number of faults may be detected. In some more specific embodiments once a corresponding specific fault is determined and an indication is provided to a user and/or a balance-of-plant monitoring system, which may be used to adjust the operating parameters of an electrochemical cell module to compensate for and/or reverse the detrimental effects caused by a particular fault.

An electrochemical cell system has a fuel cell power module and an electric energy storage module. The system further has an adaptive energy management controller connected to the fuel cell power module and the electric energy storage module for regulation of operation of the fuel cell power module. The adaptive energy management controller has a measurement device for measuring a process parameter indicative of the power or current drawn by the load or the current requested by the load. The controller further has a calculation and storage device for calculating and storing a time average value indicative of the power drawn over a first pre-set time period. The stored average value is used as an actual current draw request set-point signal by the adaptive energy management controller for regulating the operation of the fuel cell power module for a second time period following the first time period. The time average is a moving time average, a mean value or an endpoint-to-endpoint average. The system further has a control unit for regulation of the fuel cell stack and the balance-of-plant unit. The adaptive energy management controller may incorporate the control unit.

Systems and methods are provided for generating hydrogen gas using a catalyst or reagent and a boron hydride compound. The preferred hydrogen generation system includes a fuel cartridge and a hydrogen generation system balance of plant (BOP) module. Solid fuel is stored in individual fuel packets in a fuel chamber, and converted into a fuel solution. Fuel is pumped to a reactor where it produces hydrogen and borate. The hydrogen and borate product exit the reactor and are deposited in a hydrogen separation chamber separated from the fuel chamber by a moveable partition. Hydrogen is separated by a membrane and exits the generator. As fuel is consumed, the movable partition is disposed toward the fuel chamber and the borate product is deposited on one side of the movable partition. The controls are preferably contained in the BOP module.

A method for shutting down a fuel cell system includes: determining whether an outside air temperature is below a first predetermined reference temperature when a shutdown of a fuel cell system is detected; warming up the fuel cell stack by operating balance of plant components of the fuel cell system and a stack load using the power of the fuel cell stack, while the supply of hydrogen to the fuel cell stack is normally maintained, when the outside air temperature is below the first reference temperature; removing water in the fuel cell stack by passing air supplied by an air supply system through the stack load to supply heated air to a cathode of the fuel cell stack; and shutting down the fuel cell system by cutting off the supply of air after the removal of water. The method can eliminate or reduce cold start failure.

There is described a fuel cell power system including a fuel processor subsystem, a fuel cell subsystem, and a power conditioning subsystem. The fuel processor subsystem comprises a main module for producing hydrogen rich streams from a hydrocarbon fuel, a balance of plant module for auxiliary components, and a control and electronic module for monitoring and controlling the fuel processor subsystem. The fuel cell subsystem comprises a main module for generation of electric power and thermal energy from hydrogen rich streams produced by the fuel processor module and air, a balance of plant module for auxiliary components, and a control and electronic module for monitoring and controlling the fuel cell subsystem. Each module has individual components attached thereto, the modules being designed and manufactured separately and assembled together to form the respective subsystems.

A power system is disclosed that includes a fuel cell stack primary power source, a secondary power source, a first direct current bus, a first voltage controlled element that electrically couples power from the secondary power source to the first direct current bus when a voltage across the secondary power source is greater than a voltage across the fuel cell stack primary power source, a second voltage controlled element that electrically couples power from the fuel cell stack primary power source to the first direct current bus when the voltage across the fuel cell stack primary power source is greater than the voltage across the secondary power source, and at least one balance of plant load electrically coupled to the first direct current bus.

The Embodiments herein produce a net zero electric system (where there is no grid utility electricity required) and/or reduce substantially the size of the balance of plant such as batteries, the consumption of electricity, the generation of electricity or the use of grid electricity. The management system uses cold air storage, thermal storage in water heaters, and increases the efficient of the systems.

The Solar and Wind hybrid production system uses DC electricity in appliances without converting to AC to reduce battery, inverter and charge controller size, cost and Operation and Maintenance (O&M) expenses (On and/or Off-Grid Balance of Costs major components are depicted in FIG. 3) and without requiring the solar/wind electricity going through battery chargers and batteries reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

A system, method and device for power switching and power control, particularly for switching the source of power between two or more power sources are provided. Power control elements testing the availability and stability of alternate power sources and switch loads between these power sources in short periods of time and with advantageous switching characteristics. In a fuel-cell system, the embodiments of the invention may be advantageously deployed to power up balance of plant loads using opto-electronic couplers and electronic relays.

The invention discloses a microbial preparation for photovoltaic agriculture and a production method thereof. The microbial preparation is prepared from, by mass, 10%-20% of bacillus subtilis, 10%-20% of streptomyces microflavus, 20%-30% of rhodopseudomonas palustris, 20%-30% of nanometer calcium, 5% of sulfated polysaccharides from brown and 20%-30% of microelements. The raw materials are cultivated to the logarithmic phase in a self liquid medium respectively, the fermentation product is prepared from, by weight, 10%-20% of the bacillus subtilis, 10%-20% of the streptomyces microflavus and 20%-30% of the rhodopseudomonas palustris in a mixed mode, the mixed microbial number is larger than or equal to 2*10<8>, and then the sulfated polysaccharides from brown accounting for 5% of the total mass of the fermentation product, the nanometer calcium accounting for 20% to 30% of the total mass of the fermentation product and the microelements accounting for 20% to 30% of the total mass of the fermentation product are mixed. The microbial preparation is photovoltaic-planting special microbial fertilizer, the problems caused by the novel cultivation mode are solved, and the yield and the quality of plants are improved. As various microelements are added in the microbial preparation, nutrient balance of plants can be met; Fe and Mg have the direct effects on improving the plant chlorophyll content and promoting photosynthesis.

The present invention relates to a balance of plant (BOP) system of solid oxide fuel cells including a burner, a reformer, a steam generator, and heat exchangers, wherein the burner, the reformer and the steam generator are laid sequentially on top of each other to transmit the flames and burned gas generated from the burner directly to the reformer and the steam generator disposed sequentially on top of the burner, and the heat exchangers introduce the flue gas discharged from the steam generator thereinto and preheat the process air to be supplied to cathodes of stacks.

The invention discloses a wheat dry-hot-air resisting preparation. The wheat dry-hot-air resisting preparation comprises water-soluble calcium salt, carbaspirin calcium, biochemicalfulvic acid and compound sodium nitrophenolate. According to the wheat dry-hot-air resisting preparation, four types of components with good water solubility and different resistance mechanisms are selected and the unstable defect of a previous single component pesticide effect is overcome; and the preparation is simple, the water solubility is good, the utilization is convenient and the effect is remarkable. The raw material components are plant resistance regulating agent, and are plant organic nutrients and secondary element nutrients; a biofilm structure can be stabilized, the rising is reduced, the anti-dehydration capability of wheat leaves is improved, the cell activity is improved and the pollination capability is enhanced; and the wheat dry-hot-air resisting preparation has a plurality of performances of resisting high temperature, resisting drought, promoting photosynthesis, preventing early ageing, increasing sources and libraries and the like. After wheat is used, the normal growth and development metaboilic levels and balance of plants can be maintained; the dry-hot-air resisting capability of the wheat is effectively enhanced, and the grouting of wheat seeds is promoted; the thousand seed weight and the yield of the wheat are improved; and the kernels per spike also can be improved when the wheat dry-hot-air resisting preparation is used at a poplar blossom period or before the poplar blossom period.

A system and method used to regulate the operation of fuel cell systems. In one embodiment, a fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack comprising at least one fuel cell and electric outputs for driving a load; a balance of plant system for supplying and withdrawing process fluids to and from the fuel cell stack; and a controller that controls the operation of the fuel cell stack and the balance of plant system by measuring and setting process parameters; where the controller comprises a storage device adapted to, for at least one of the process parameters, store at least one baseline table of set values of the process parameter and to optionally store at least one correction table of correction values of the process parameter. Correction values are stored in real-time as changes are made to the process parameter during the operation of the fuel cell stack.

A stable air supply system in a fuel cell system produces heat and electricity by combining hydrogen modified from a major raw material selected from various hydrogen compounds, with oxygen existing in air. An air supply device and an air supply method in a fuel cell system, automate a lamda control, and achieve a fuel cell system operation efficiently and stably coping with pressure loss and pulsation occurring within the system, while using a minimum number of balance-of-plant (BOP) units. A method efficiently and precisely supplies air during the start-up and operation of the fuel cell system, while preventing flame failure of a burner and maintaining an appropriate carbon monoxide concentration even when an abrupt flow rate variation occurs. In this regard, an operating method is economical and stable in terms of the costs and configuration of the fuel cell system.

The invention provides an environment-friendly soil remediation agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof and relates to the technical field of soil remediation. The environment-friendly soil remediation agent is mainly prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1.5-2.0% of lime, 0.05-0.15% of brown sugar, 20-25% of water, 0.8-3.6% of a composite bacteria solution and the balance of plants. The composite bacteria solution comprises more of bacilli, trichoderma, probiotics and saccharomycetes. The environment-friendly soil remediation agent can remedy the damaged soil and restore the dynamic balance; meanwhile, the cost of the environment-friendly soil remediation agent is also low; the preparation method of the environment-friendly soil remediation agent is simple to operate and convenient to prepare.

Embodiments generally relate to a motor driven compressor (MDC) power network electrically isolated and independent from a balance of plant (BOP) power network within an electrical power system and methods for operating the same. In one embodiment, the MDC power network can include one or more MDC trains, and each of the MDC trains can include an MDC distribution bus, one or more MDC turbine generators, one or more electric motors, and one or more compressors. The BOP power network can include a BOP distribution bus, one or more BOP turbine generators, and one or more plant circuits comprising the balance of the plant.

Systems and methods for providing intelligent management of balance of plant are provided. According to one embodiment of the disclosure, a system for determining a malfunction of a feedwater pump includes one or more processors and a database communicatively coupled to the one or more processors. The one or more processors can be configured to receive plant parameters. The one or more processors can be further configured to correlate the plant parameters to historical operational values. Based at least partially on the correlating, the one or more processors may be operable to identify a malfunction in a feedwater pump. Based at least partially on the identifying, the one or more processors may be operable to provide an advisory action concerning an operation of the feedwater pump.

The present invention relates to a fuel cell system generating electric power using an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The fuel cell system include power distributor selecting one of a system power source and a fuel cell stack as a power source generating power used for a variety of balance of plants (BOP) and a controller in accordance with an operational condition, and distribute power from the selected power source. The fuel cell system can stably distribute the power to the BOPs and the controller without generating the temporary contact point gap by switching the power source in a state where the system power and the stack power coexist.

An apparatus to sense and control a malfunction in balance of plant for a fuel cell includes a microprocessor having an ALU to perform calculations, a register to temporally store data and instructions, and a controller to control the operation of the fuel cell system. The microprocessor includes a first input stage input with a first detecting signal to operate the fuel cell system, an output stage to apply a control signal generated by the controller to balance of plant, and a second input stage to receive a second detecting signal to detect a malfunction in balance of plant.

A stable fuel supply system in a fuel cell system produces heat and electricity by combining hydrogen modified from a major raw material selected from various hydrogen compounds, with oxygen existing in air. A fuel supply device and a fuel supply method in a fuel cell system, which automate a steam to carbon ratio (S/C) control and a lamda control, and achieve a fuel cell system operation efficiently and stably coping with pressure loss and pulsation occurring within the system, while using a minimum number of balance-of-plant (BOP) units. A method more efficiently and precisely supplies fuel during the start-up and operation of the fuel cell system, while preventing flame failure of a burner and maintaining an appropriate carbon monoxide concentration even when an abrupt flow rate variation occurs. Also, an operating method improves functions associated with a decomposition ability based on selection of the specification of a fuel pump, and thus, is more economical and stable in terms of the costs and configuration of the fuel cell system.