163 results about "Three dimensional geometry" patented technology

The invention discloses a surface mine digital safety production management method and device and a medium, and relates to the technical field of intelligent mines, and the method comprises the steps: collecting rock mass physical and mechanical parameters of a gold mine mining area and three-dimensional geometric morphology data of a blasting working face, and taking the parameters as physical constraint conditions to construct a digital twinborn body; a preset target blasting scheme is called to be input into the element reinforcement learning agent, multi-round simulation deduction is carried out through a blasting scheme evaluation strategy, and a simulation deduction result is generated; when the peak particle vibration velocity in the simulation deduction result exceeds a preset peak particle vibration velocity threshold value, generating a parameter adjustment suggestion; and the parameter adjustment suggestion is fed back to the element reinforcement learning agent for iterative optimization until the peak particle vibration velocity does not exceed a preset peak particle vibration velocity threshold, and a blasting scheme is generated. Through autonomous exploration of the meta-reinforcement learning agent in the blasting parameter space, the blasting scheme evaluation strategy with adaptability and reliability can be efficiently generated.

The invention discloses a physical attribute inversion and three-dimensional reconstruction method based on Gaussian splashing and micro-rendering, and belongs to the technical field of computer vision, and the method comprises the steps: generating a sparse point cloud based on a multi-view image to initialize a Gaussian ball; determining a Gaussian pivot point based on a Gaussian ball, constructing a self-adaptive tetrahedral mesh in combination with gradient optimization, extracting an explicit surface from the self-adaptive tetrahedral mesh, and sampling to obtain geometric information; predicting the physical attribute of each sampling point through an implicit texture network, and providing ambient light through an HDR ambient light map; geometric information, physical attributes and ambient light are used as input, a differentiable PBR renderer is adopted to generate a physical rendering image, multi-term loss function reverse optimization is constructed, and collaborative optimization and inversion of three-dimensional geometry and surface physical attributes are realized. According to the method, the problems of texture dislocation, thin-wall structure disappearance and high rendering calculation cost under dynamic topology are effectively solved, and a digital model with fine geometry and a realistic material can be efficiently recovered from a multi-view image.

Systems and methods are described for creating three dimensional models of building objects by creating a point cloud from a plurality of input images, defining edges of the building object's surfaces represented by the point cloud, creating simplified geometries of the building object's surfaces and constructing a building model based on the simplified geometries. Input images may include ground, orthographic, or oblique images. The resultant model may be scaled according to correlation with select image types and textured.

The invention relates to the technical field of solder ball array optimization, in particular to a low-warpage solder ball array optimization method and system in FC-BGA packaging of a glass substrate, and the method comprises the steps: determining the glass substrate and a plurality of solder balls, designing a preliminary array layout, creating a three-dimensional geometric model, carrying out the thermal loading simulation of the three-dimensional geometric model, and obtaining a plurality of thermal stress distribution nephograms; and executing the following operations on each thermal stress distribution cloud picture in the plurality of thermal stress distribution cloud pictures: obtaining a maximum thermal stress region from the thermal stress distribution cloud picture, obtaining a region position and a maximum thermal stress value according to the maximum thermal stress region, obtaining an optimal array layout, summarizing the optimal array layout, and obtaining the thermal stress distribution cloud picture. A plurality of thermal stress distribution cloud pictures are obtained, a plurality of optimal array layouts corresponding to the thermal stress distribution cloud pictures are obtained, the optimal array layout is obtained, the voidage of the welding spots is calculated based on the optimal array layout, and optimization of the low-warpage welding ball array in FC-BGA packaging of the glass substrate is completed based on the voidage of the welding spots. According to the invention, the optimization precision and efficiency of the solder ball layout can be improved.

A method for rapidly solving transient dynamics of a crack-containing bearing structure of a bogie belongs to the technical field of bogie structure dynamic analysis, and comprises the following steps: acquiring a three-dimensional geometric model of the bearing structure, the geometric dimension of a crack and the position coordinate dimension of the crack; dividing the finite element model of the bearing structure, and carrying out grid division processing on the crack surface; selecting a main degree-of-freedom node of the finite element model on the surface of the bearing structure and the crack surface; performing substructure analysis on the finite element model of the bearing structure; obtaining a mass matrix, a damping matrix and a stiffness matrix of the finite element model of the bearing structure after the degree of freedom is reduced; carrying out constraint simulation on a crack surface node by adopting a one-way nonlinear rigidity unit; processing constraint boundary conditions; processing the excitation load; and solving a dynamic second-order differential equation set, and judging whether the crack surface is in contact or not. According to the method, the opening and closing effects of the crack can be considered, the transient dynamic response of the crack-containing bearing structure under the action of the external load is obtained, and the solving precision and efficiency are both considered.

Disclosed in the present invention is a matrix transformation-based improved design method for a diffuser. Firstly, inlet and outlet position information of a diffuser is extracted, and then a double-coefficient adjustable polynomial is used to design a central line of the diffuser between the centroid of an inlet section and the centroid of an outlet section, and a change rule of the area of each section of the diffuser along the central line. In the aspect of transition of the shapes of an inlet and an outlet of the diffuser, once the inlet section and the outlet section have been mapped to a ξ-η space, a plurality of transition shapes between the inlet section and the outlet section are obtained by using a matrix transformation-based improved algorithm. The shapes of the inlet and the outlet, and each transition shape jointly form the shape of each local section of the diffuser along the central line. On the basis of the shapes of the sections, the change rule of the sectional area, and the change rule of the central line, the final three-dimensional geometry of the diffuser can be constructed under an o-xyz three-dimensional coordinate system, and the three-dimensional geometric modeling of the diffuser can be flexibly and controllably designed.

One embodiment of the present invention sets forth a technique for generating a geometry for a shape. The technique includes inputting, into a machine learning model, (i) a noise sample and (ii) one or more conditioning inputs. The technique also includes generating, via execution of the machine learning model based on the noise sample and the one or more conditioning inputs, a two-dimensional (2D) position map associated with the shape. The technique further includes generating a three-dimensional (3D) geometry for the shape based on the 2D position map.

The invention discloses a viscoelastic boundary verification method, device and equipment based on isoparametric elements and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: building a three-dimensional geometric model of a target structure according to geometric dimensions and material attributes, discretizing the three-dimensional geometric model into initial three-dimensional subunits, and then building an initial finite element mesh model; after identifying a target boundary surface to be applied with an artificial viscoelastic boundary, assigning boundary parameters to obtain each three-dimensional subunit and form a finite element model; all the three-dimensional subunits are mapped to a standard unit through equal-parameter coordinate transformation, an equivalent stiffness coefficient matrix and an equivalent damping coefficient matrix are obtained through calculation and then stacked and assembled, and an overall stiffness matrix and an overall damping matrix are formed; and calculating displacement response data based on the overall stiffness matrix and the overall damping matrix. According to the embodiment of the invention, by introducing the isoparametric coordinate transformation, the irregular boundary form can be directly processed without introducing an additional boundary unit, and the calculation requirement of an actual complex engineering model is met.

The invention discloses a geometric deviation detection system based on a pipe fitting, particularly relates to the field of image processing and three-dimensional geometric measurement, and is used for solving the problem of unstable geometric deviation judgment caused by cross section mixing under the conditions of step transition and shielding reflection of an inner cavity of the pipe fitting. Collecting a multi-view depth image and generating an original point cloud, and combining to form a unified point cloud after de-noising registration is completed; establishing an axial coordinate and a slice interception window according to a detection direction to obtain a candidate slice point set and construct an axial density curve, and generating a layering boundary through peak structure discrimination and segmenting the layering boundary into a layering point set; projecting the layered point set to a reference plane to form an initial section point set, taking an outer edge by adopting angle segmentation to obtain section contour points, fitting to obtain section geometric parameters, and determining a pure section point set by combining adjacent axial position consistency evaluation; and the section geometric parameters reflect the uniform point cloud to calculate the radial residual error and perform self-consistent judgment, and when the self-consistent judgment is not performed, the center of the slice interception window is driven to correct, and a stable geometric deviation detection result is output.

One embodiment of the present invention sets forth a technique for training a machine learning model on a geometry generation task. The technique includes generating, via execution of a diffusion model, a first set of training output corresponding to a first set of three-dimensional (3D) geometries based on a first set of conditioning inputs associated with a first conditioning mode, and training the diffusion model based on a first set of loss values associated with the first set of training output. The technique further includes generating, via execution of the diffusion model and a first adapter model, a second set of training output corresponding to a second set of 3D geometries based on a second set of conditioning inputs associated with a second conditioning mode, and training the first adapter model based on a second set of loss values associated with the second set of training output.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for generating a three-dimensional mesh of an object, including: receiving a textual description of a target three-dimensional geometry specifying a curved surface of the object; generating a two-dimensional geometry image encoding the target three-dimensional geometry into a two-dimensional pixel array based on the textual description using a diffusion model, wherein each pixel of the two-dimensional pixel array represents a vertex of a plurality of vertices of a three-dimensional grid to be generated for the object; and generating a three-dimensional grid of the object based on the two-dimensional geometry image for rendering at a display of the physical device, where the three-dimensional grid includes a plurality of vertices defining a shape of the object, each vertex of the plurality of vertices having a corresponding position determined based on the two-dimensional geometry image.

In order to overcome the deficiency that the grid reinforced cylindrical shell structure created in the modeling analysis of the current grid reinforced cylindrical shell structure has a large difference with the actual structure, a universal parameterized three-dimensional geometric modeling method of the grid reinforced cylindrical shell structure containing material characteristics is provided.The reference coordinate system of the grid reinforced cylindrical shell structure is first created;secondly, the basic parameters required for constructing the grid reinforced cylindrical shell structure are determined, and the key parameters required for establishing the three-dimensional geometric model are solved;thirdly, based on the key parameters, the basic components such as the rib and the skin of the grid reinforced cylindrical shell structure are created through stretching, rotating and other methods;then, according to the position of each component in the grid reinforced cylindrical shell structure in the space coordinate system, the basic components are combined to establish the three-dimensional geometric model of the grid reinforced cylindrical shell structure;finally, the material properties of the skin, the rib and the weld are given, and the construction of the three-dimensional model of the grid reinforced cylindrical shell structure containing material characteristics is completed.

This invention belongs to the field of structural design and simulation testing technology for renewable energy equipment in the marine sector. It discloses a synchronous similarity design method and system for scaled-down towers. This method introduces an innovative composite penalty fitness function to drive a genetic algorithm for automatic optimization, thereby completing the segmented parameter design of the scaled-down tower in a single, high-precision manner. It synchronously ensures a high degree of similarity between the model and the actual model in key dynamic characteristics (first-order natural frequency) and accurate reproduction in three-dimensional geometry, while strictly complying with all engineering manufacturing constraints. This invention significantly improves optimization efficiency, achieves excellent design accuracy and completeness, and has strong engineering applicability.

The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater sound channels and physical fields, and relates to a numerical mixing calculation method for a forward scattering sound field of an underwater regular-shape object. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an initial projection contour of a three-dimensional geometric model of a regular shape object in a specified projection plane and an incident direction; discrete points of the initial projection contour are divided into upper boundary points and lower boundary points; performing interpolation completion on the upper boundary points and the lower boundary points, so that the upper boundary points and the lower boundary points are the same in number and share abscissas; discretizing the supplemented projection contour by using a trapezoidal plane element; calculating a forward scattering far field morphological function based on a discretization result; and calculating the forward scattering target intensity of the object. The method provided by the invention can cover the shape range of the scattering object suitable for the analysis method, does not need to calculate special functions such as Bessel and spherical harmonic and a complex series expression formed by combining the special functions, and obviously improves the calculation efficiency.

The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation design, and provides a modeling method and system for a three-dimensional geometric model of an aviation wing structure, in the iterative optimization process of a spar, a rib and a stringer in an initial model, firstly, the offset is determined, then original grid vertexes in the model are expanded in the normal direction to generate a new vertex set, and the new vertex set is subjected to iterative optimization; an offset surface topological structure is reconstructed through triangulation, when the offset surface topological structure is reconstructed, the number of grid vertexes is adjusted according to the offset so as to achieve the purpose of improving the reconstruction quality of the model, when the coordinate average value after offset is larger than or equal to the coordinate average value of the original model, the number of the grid vertexes is increased, otherwise, the number of the grid vertexes is reduced, and the reconstruction quality of the model is improved. The purpose of improving the model reconstruction speed is achieved; on the basis of ensuring the modeling efficiency, the problem that the model precision is reduced after geometric reconstruction due to insufficient grid division proportion is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of computer graphics, and discloses a cross-platform web end water body rendering implementation method which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting vertex data of a water body model, carrying out dynamic waveform simulation on the vertex data to generate a three-dimensional geometrical shape of a water surface, and in the dynamic waveform simulation process, carrying out dynamic waveform simulation on the vertex data to generate a three-dimensional geometrical shape of the water surface; extracting dynamic physical characteristics for the vertex in real time, wherein the dynamic physical characteristics comprise a waveform velocity vector and a waveform curvature; and S2, on the basis of the three-dimensional geometrical morphology of the water surface and the dynamic physical characteristics, calculating the color of the water body through an optical rendering model, and in the calculation process of the optical rendering model, dynamically adjusting the shoreside interaction effect according to the waveform velocity vector. According to the method, a linkage mechanism of physical characteristics and optical rendering and an adaptive performance optimization mechanism are constructed, so that cross-platform smooth operation is ensured, and meanwhile, a high-reality rendering effect of tight coupling of physical dynamic and optical performance of a water body is realized.

The invention relates to the field of modeling methods of finite element models, in particular to a modeling method of a steel structure combination node finite element model. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preprocessing collected data to obtain preprocessed data; constructing an initial three-dimensional geometric model based on the preprocessed data; performing optimization based on the preprocessed data and the initial three-dimensional geometric model to obtain optimized geometric parameters; then, on the basis of the optimized geometric parameters, the preprocessed data and the initial three-dimensional geometric model, a steel structure combination precise node finite element initial model is output; and finally, on the basis of the steel structure combination accurate node finite element initial model, a nonlinear dynamic response updating formula is constructed, and equivalent stress is obtained. The technical problems that single parameter assignment neglects the stress synergistic effect of a node component, the modeling efficiency is low, the stress calculation error is large, and different section parameters and load working conditions cannot be accurately adapted are solved.

A method, system, and apparatus for computer-aided design and manufacture of a physical structure using hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing, including media-encoded computer program products, includes, in one aspect, a method comprising: obtaining data on the 3D geometry of a part; simulating at least a portion of a manufacturing process, said at least a portion including adding a first material in a first stage and removing a second material in a second subsequent stage, wherein the second material comprises a portion of the first material, removing the second material includes mixing between the materials added in the first and second stages, and simulating the thermal effects of adding and removing materials in the first and second stages; and adjusting the amount of said portion based on the simulation results to prevent the part from deviating from its three-dimensional geometry, said deviation resulting in insufficient material available for mixing.

The invention discloses a method for evaluating the detection success rate of a foundation pile core drilling method, and the method comprises the steps: building a foundation pile core drilling method detection three-dimensional geometric model and a condition for judging whether the detection is successful or not through the core drilling method; and a Monte Carlo method is adopted by a computer to evaluate and solve the success rate of core drilling method detection under the given basic parameters of the foundation pile and the core drilling hole, and the relationship between the length-diameter ratio of the foundation pile and the success rate of core drilling method detection can also be solved. Therefore, the effect of guiding field detection is achieved, and if the success rate is evaluated to be low, the drilling offset of the core drilling hole can be reduced.

The invention relates to a finite element simulation grid-based reversible deformation design method and system for an investment casting. According to the method, a coordinate ID matching algorithm is utilized, a mapping relation is established between displacement data in an analyzed grid node displacement data file and corresponding nodes in an initial grid file, and an intermediate grid file containing casting deformation data is generated; by using a data mapping algorithm, reversely assigning the intermediate grid file to the initial grid file, and reconstructing to obtain a corrected grid file containing a reversible deformation feature; and finally, converting the corrected grid file into a three-dimensional geometric model as a reversible deformation design model for investment casting mold manufacturing. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple process, high design precision and the like.

This invention discloses a multi-objective topology optimization method for aircraft design, belonging to the field of aerospace technology. The method includes: establishing a three-dimensional geometric model and defining the optimization region and aerodynamic preservation region; describing the structural boundary using level set functions; applying volume and manufacturing constraints with the objectives of maximizing stiffness and natural frequency; constructing a comprehensive objective function that minimizes the distance between ideal points using a compromise programming method; transforming the constraint problem using the augmented Lagrangian method; calculating shape sensitivity and deriving the normal velocity field; updating the level set functions to drive topology evolution; iterating until convergence to generate a Pareto front solution set; selecting the optimal solution and reconstructing it into a manufacturable three-dimensional model. This invention solves the multi-objective collaborative optimization problem while preserving the aerodynamic shape, resulting in clear boundaries, strong manufacturability, and significantly improved structural performance and engineering applicability.

This invention discloses an additive manufacturing path planning method and system for the head of an ultra-high strength steel deep blind hole shell component. The method includes: acquiring a three-dimensional geometric model of the component to be formed; identifying and extracting the internal cavity surface and edge contour features of the head of the deep blind hole shell component; generating a variable thickness layered slicing scheme based on the internal cavity surface and edge contour features; adopting a multi-level partitioning strategy within each layer based on the variable thickness layered slicing scheme, and designing the main path direction and scanning angle for each region; generating an adaptive spiral progressive filling path that can suppress residual stress and deformation based on the main path direction and scanning angle; and generating a processing instruction file that can directly drive additive manufacturing equipment based on the adaptive spiral progressive filling path. Using this invention, active control of the heat distribution and shrinkage deformation within the internal cavity of the head of the ultra-high strength steel deep blind hole shell can be achieved, improving the forming accuracy, internal quality, and mechanical property consistency of the component.

The invention belongs to the technical field of grouting simulation, and particularly discloses a deformation porous medium splitting grouting simulation method and system.The method comprises the steps that a three-dimensional geometric model of a porous medium in an area to be simulated is built, a computational domain is determined, and the computational domain is divided into a plurality of non-overlapped unit grids; establishing a multiphase system control equation, and carrying out numerical updating on relative permeability, density, viscosity and surface tension; on the basis of the updated parameters, fluid velocity field calculation is conducted through a fluid control equation of the pure fluid area; calculating transmission time based on the obtained fluid velocity, and updating a slurry viscosity field through a slurry viscosity space-time tracking model; and the solid speed and mass are updated based on the solid mass and momentum conservation equation, and the grouting simulation process is completed. According to the method, the permeability change of the porous medium and the dynamic coupling effect of the stress state are comprehensively considered, and a scientific basis is provided for grouting design and optimization under complex working conditions in engineering.

The method, device and electronic equipment provided by the embodiment of the application draw a three-dimensional geometric figure, which comprises: determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of a first geometric face according to the parameters of the target center and the three-dimensional geometric figure to be drawn in a three-dimensional coordinate system; and drawing the first geometric face according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the first geometric face and drawing the contour of the first geometric face. Since each geometric face is drawn separately, the drawing information of the first geometric face is saved during drawing, and after the three-dimensional geometric figure is drawn, the drawing information of each geometric face of the three-dimensional geometric figure can be used to process each geometric face of the three-dimensional geometric figure respectively, so that more demonstration functions are realized and the user can understand the three-dimensional structure of the three-dimensional geometric figure more effectively.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional model generation method and device based on a Revit platform, computer equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps that a forward design plug-in developed based on the Revit platform is started; importing or creating a three-dimensional geometric model of the building curtain wall in the forward design plug-in; carrying out attribute identification and parameter mapping on components in the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain attribute information; according to project requirements, editing and optimizing the attribute information to obtain an optimized three-dimensional geometric model; and according to the optimized three-dimensional geometric model, generating a construction drawing conforming to enterprise drawing specifications. By implementing the method, various pain points in a traditional design process can be solved, efficient connection of design links, standardized management of a family library and rapid and accurate generation of a construction drawing are achieved, the overall efficiency and quality of building curtain wall design are improved, and the method has remarkable technical effects and wide application prospects.

The invention provides an intelligent online measurement method and system for a group tower combined platform, and belongs to the technical field of group tower measurement. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring structural parameters of a plurality of towers and spatial position information of pre-welding connecting pieces, and constructing a three-dimensional geometric model of a group tower joint platform; setting a physical attribute data set of the prefabricated ladder platform, and carrying out real-time calibration on the data set to obtain a matching precision index; importing the physical attribute data set into the three-dimensional geometric model; calculating an accumulated position offset of the group tower joint platform in a preset installation period and a theoretical installation coordinate of the prefabricated ladder platform, and combining the matching precision index to obtain a dynamic adjustment distance of the prefabricated ladder platform; generating a welding position correction instruction of the pre-welding connecting piece based on the dynamic adjustment distance; position correction is conducted on the pre-welded connecting piece according to the correction instruction; and performing real-time evaluation on the matching error of the three-dimensional geometric model in the installation process.

This invention discloses a method, system, equipment, and medium for calculating pressure loss in perfluorohexanone (PFH) pipeline networks, relating to the field of computer-aided design technology. The method traverses the component tree of the pipeline network building information model using a three-dimensional geometry engine to form a set of pipeline network features; constructs a directed graph topology representing the flow direction of the pipeline network, calculates potential energy loss, converts local resistance into equivalent length, and constructs a weighted directional topology weight matrix; obtains hydraulic balance under single-phase flow conditions through iterative calculation of node simultaneous equations, and generates the corresponding static pressure distribution results of the pipeline network; recursively calculates the dryness and density changes of the gas-liquid mixture using the equation of state, introduces a two-phase flow friction multiplication factor for nonlinear compensation, outputs a three-dimensional dynamic compensation pressure field model, and performs rendering and digital judgment; this solution solves the problem of low accuracy in pressure loss calculation caused by the inability of existing technologies to accurately simulate the flash evaporation effect of PPHH, thus improving the reliability of pipeline network design.

The invention discloses a concrete member simulation model building method based on a BIM technology, and relates to the technical field of concrete member BIM simulation, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining design information including the geometric dimension definition of a member, a steel bar arrangement detail drawing, a concrete strength grade requirement and an external load action parameter; the method comprises the following steps: establishing a parameterized three-dimensional geometry on a BIM platform, associating strength requirements, implanting a parameterized reinforcement network model containing spatial trend, diameter, protective layer thickness and bond-slip relationship according to a reinforcement detail drawing, integrating to generate a preliminary BIM integrated model, calling a structure analysis engine to execute static and dynamic coupling numerical analysis by taking the model, strength and load as input, and establishing a structural analysis model; and generating a multi-working-condition mechanical response data set. According to the method, through reinforcement bond-slip relation definition and BIM model direct-connection static and dynamic coupling analysis, the integrity of concrete member simulation modeling and mechanical analysis is improved, and modeling and analysis integrated connection is achieved.

The invention discloses a complex test scene perception and partition construction method based on a multi-modal large model, and belongs to the technical field of digital test verification of high-end equipment. According to the method, a scene description prompt is designed, a multi-modal large model is utilized to generate a 2D test scene image with an equidistant view angle, and images with consistent semantics are screened through similarity calculation. Secondly, extracting spatial positions, semantic information and three-dimensional geometric parameters of objects in the scene by adopting a detection segmentation model and a depth estimation technology, and generating a feature map fusing space and semantics; and finally, geometric and texture description of an object is generated based on a multi-modal large model, a 3D grid is constructed by using a 3D generation model, model parameters are adjusted through dense matching and iterative optimization, and category accuracy and spatial coherence are ensured. According to the method, the full-process automation from 2D scene generation to 3D refined reconstruction is realized, and the precision and efficiency of complex test scene construction are remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a method for determining a minimum width clamping plane of a three-dimensional point set, and belongs to the technical field of computer graphics. The method comprises the steps that a point set is read and preprocessed, the degradation situation is judged, a convex hull is extracted, a candidate direction set is generated, direction vectors are optimized through symbol standardization and numerical value de-duplication, the vertex of the convex hull is calculated through projection to determine the minimum width and a corresponding supporting point set, and a result is output for engineering application. According to the method, the search space is remarkably reduced through convex hull reduction, the normal vector of the joint surface and the edge-edge cross product direction cover more support configurations, the robustness to the degradation situation is improved, and the method is suitable for scenes such as point cloud processing, form and location tolerance evaluation, mechanical cooperation inspection and three-dimensional geometric analysis.