The invention discloses a system and a method for correcting a robot speedometer based on visual sense. The system comprises a mobile robot platform, an industrial personal computer, a travel mileage calculating device and a visual sense detection device, wherein the visual sense detection device is arranged at the front end of the mobile robot, preset mark line information on the ground is collected, collected mark line images are transmitted to the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer is used for determining the course angle information of a mobile robot relative to a mark line according to the mark line images, the industrial personal computer is connected to the travel mileage calculating device, the travel mileage calculating device is used for receiving signals of a velocity sensor, the track is calculated, and the industrial personal computer is used for correcting the travel mileage calculating device according to the calculated track and the course angle information of the mobile robot relative to the mark line. Through the combination of an absolute positioning manner of visual sense positioning and a relative positioning manner of speedometer track plotting, the common problem of accumulated error in the speedometer track plotting process is effectively solved.