89 results about "Boundary plane" patented technology

A method of fabricating a nanoporous membrane filter having a uniform array of nanopores etch-formed in a thin film structure (e.g. (100)-oriented single crystal silicon) having a predetermined thickness, by (a) using interferometric lithography to create an etch pattern comprising a plurality array of unit patterns having a predetermined width / diameter, (b) using the etch pattern to etch frustum-shaped cavities or pits in the thin film structure such that the dimension of the frustum floors of the cavities are substantially equal to a desired pore size based on the predetermined thickness of the thin film structure and the predetermined width / diameter of the unit patterns, and (c) removing the frustum floors at a boundary plane of the thin film structure to expose, open, and thereby create the nanopores substantially having the desired pore size.

A MIS type semiconductor device comprises a semiconductor layer provided with a recess portion having a side wall with an obtuse angle at least at a portion of the recess portion, a gate electrode formed over a bottom surface of the recess portion, with a gate insulating film interposed, a source region and a drain region formed on sides of the gate electrode with an insulating film interposed, such that boundary planes between the source region and the drain region, on one hand, and the insulating film, on the other hand, are formed in the semiconductor layer at an angle to a surface of the semiconductor layer, and wiring portions for contact with the surface of the semiconductor layer. Wherein an edge of the gate electrode is located inside the recess portion provided in the semiconductor layer, and there is provided at least one of a mutually opposed portion between the gate electrode and the source region and a mutually opposed portion between the gate electrode and the drain region, whereby at least one of a portion of the source region and a portion of the drain region, which lie in the associated mutually opposed portions, functions as an accumulation layer.

The invention is to provide an optical element satisfactory in transparency and characteristics as an optical modulation element, and a piezoelectric substance element satisfactory in precision and reproducibility as a fine element such as MEMS. The piezoelectric substance element includes, on a substrate, at least a first electrode, a piezoelectric substance film and a second electrode; wherein the piezoelectric substance film does not contain a layer-structured boundary plane; the crystal phase constituting the piezoelectric substance film comprises at least two of a tetragonal, a rhombohedral, a pseudocubic, an orthorhombic and a monoclinic; and the piezoelectric substance film includes, in a portion in which a change in the composition is within a range of ±2%, a portion where a proportion of the different crystal phases changes gradually in a thickness direction of the film.

A data input means inputs boundary data of an object to a computer, a data converting means converts the boundary data into a triangle patch having a phase, an associating means divides a space into rectangular parallelepiped cells having boundary planes intersecting perpendicularly and associates the cell with a triangle to be included in the cell, a dividing / arranging means divides a triangle patch having a phase and floating in the space at cell faces and keeps all triangles arranged within and on the boundaries of cells, a ridge line integrating means integrates ridges that do not alter the phase, a cell assigning means assigns each triangle and its vertex to a cell with reference to index data of the vertex, and a labeling means sets an attribute value of each cell.

A boundary acoustic wave device is provided in which an increase in the conductor resistance can be suppressed and a satisfactorily high electromechanical coupling coefficient K2 can be achieved even when the frequency is increased. The boundary acoustic wave device includes a first medium, a second medium, and an IDT provided therebetween. In the boundary acoustic wave device, a plane that separates the IDT into two equal parts in the thickness direction is defined as a boundary plane, the energy of boundary acoustic waves that is present at the first medium side of the boundary plane is represented by E1, and the energy that is present at the second medium side of the boundary plane is represented by E2. Furthermore, under the condition that an IDT including only the conductive layer having the highest density among the plurality of conductive layers constituting the IDT is configured so that the sound velocity of boundary acoustic waves when the IDT includes the plurality of conductive layers is equal to the sound velocity of boundary acoustic waves when the IDT includes only the conductive layer having the highest density, the energy of boundary acoustic waves that is present at the first medium side of the boundary plane is represented by E1′ and the energy that is present at the second medium side of the boundary plane is represented by E2′. In this case, the relationship E1 / E2>E1′ / E2′ is satisfied.

Two electrodes in parallel with each other are formed on one of two substrates, homeotropic alignment films are formed on the substrates and a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy is injected between the substrates. When the voltage is applied to the two electrodes, a parabolic electric field between the electrodes drives the liquid crystal molecules. Since the electric field generated is symmetrical with respect to the boundary-plane equal distance from each of the two electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules are symmetrically aligned with respect to the boundary-plane. The electric field does not exert influences the liquid crystal molecules on the boundary-plane since the electric field on the boundary-plane is parallel with the substrates and perpendicular to the two electrodes; and thus, it is perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecules. Here, the polarization of the light is changed while passing through the liquid crystal layer and as a result, only a part of the light passes through the polarizing plate. The transmittance of the light can be varied by controlling the magnitude of voltage applied to the two electrodes.

An umbilical member arrangement unit of a robot arm section, capable of avoiding interference between the umbilical member and external equipment without using a guide member. The arrangement unit has a first fixing member attached to a nonrotating part and adapted to nonslidably fix the umbilical member, and a second fixing member attached to a rotating part so as to integrally rotate with the rotating part and adapted to nonslidably fix the umbilical member. When the rotating part is positioned at a center position of a rotational motion range thereof about the longitudinal axis, the first and second fixing members direct the umbilical member along first and second tangential lines, respectively, the two tangential lines being generally perpendicular to each other, and, the fixing members are positioned in the same region in relation to two regions defined by a boundary plane parallel to the second tangential line, on which the longitudinal axis lies.

Two electrodes parallel to each other are formed on one of two substrates, homeotropic alignment films are formed on the substrates and a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy is injected between the substrates. When a voltage is appled to the two electrodes, a parabolic electric field between the electrodes drives the liquid crystal molecules. Since the generated electric field is symmetrical with respect to the boundary-plane equal distance from each of the two electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules are symmetrically aligned with respect to the boundary-plane, and the optical characteristic is compensated in both regions divided by the boundary-plane, thereby obtaining a wide viewing angle. The electric field does not exert influences on the liquid crystal molecules on the boundary-plane since the electric field on the boundary-plane is parallel to the substrates and perpendicular to the two electrodes and thus, it is perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecules. Here, the polarization of the light is changed while passing through the liquid crystal layer and as a result, only a part of the light passes through the polarizing plate The transmittance of the light can be varied by controlling the magnitude of voltage applied to the two electrodes. The alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is changed in both regions of a bent portion of the electrodes by forming the electrodes in the saw shape in a pixel or in by pixel, and the retardation of the light is compensated, thereby obtaining a wider viewing angle.

A fiber-type optical coupler has two optical fibers including a core on which a slanting Bragg diffraction grating is formed and a first cladding and a second cladding bordered with a boundary plane close to the core. The two optical fibers are placed by approximating the boundary plane almost contacting the core, making respective optical axes almost parallel and also making slanting directions of the respective Bragg diffraction gratings almost parallel. A wave vector of the slanting Bragg diffraction grating is located in a plane made by a normal set up on the boundary plane almost contacting the core and the optical axis of the core, and an angle θ made by the wave vector and the optical axis is 0 degree<θ<90 degrees. In addition, a refractive index of the second cladding is lower than that of the first cladding.

An on-vehicle antenna system which offers a superior receiving performance, by suppressing reception of reflected / scattered waves coming from inside of the vehicle's cabin; these reflected / scattered waves being an adverse factor which deteriorates signal receiving performance of an antenna. The antenna system is installed at glass pane portion of a vehicle with direction (12) of the greatest radiation pattern (11) directed towards ahead (14) of the vehicle from boundary plane (10) containing power supply portion (9), while direction (13) of the smallest radiation pattern (11) towards behind (15) of the vehicle. The above-configured antenna system can suppress those waves reflected / scattered in the vehicle cabin from being received; as the result, it demonstrates improved characteristics.

A method for determining insides and outsides of boundaries includes an external data input step of inputting external data constituted by boundary data of objects, a cell division step of dividing the external data into rectangular parallelepiped cells having boundary planes orthogonal to each other, a cell classification step of classifying the cells into a boundary cell that includes the boundary data and a non-boundary cell that does not include the boundary data, and a space classification step of classifying the non-boundary cells into a plurality of spaces that are partitioned by the boundary cells.

A vehicle-purpose lighting tool is featured by comprising: a light-conducting member having a front light-emitting plane, a rear plane having a concave / convex shape, and a side edge plane; and a light source arranged at a position opposite to the side edge plane; in which within external light which is entered via the front light-emitting plane into the light-conducting member, a portion of the external light which is directly traveled to the side edge plane is totally reflected on a boundary plane of the side edge plane portion; a plurality of reflecting portions are formed on the rear plane and are coupled to each other via a coupling portion in such a direction that the reflecting portions are separated apart from the side edge plane side; and distances between the plurality of reflecting portions and the front light-emitting plane are changed in a discontinuous manner along the separating direction.

A data input means inputs boundary data of an object to a computer, a data converting means converts the boundary data into a triangle patch having a phase, an associating means divides a space into rectangular parallelepiped cells having boundary planes intersecting perpendicularly and associates the cell with a triangle to be included in the cell, a dividing / arranging means divides a triangle patch having a phase and floating in the space at cell faces and keeps all triangles arranged within and on the boundaries of cells, a ridge line integrating means integrates ridges that do not alter the phase, a cell assigning means assigns each triangle and its vertex to a cell with reference to index data of the vertex, and a labeling means sets an attribute value of each cell.

V-CAD data is prepared by dividing external data 12 consisting of boundary data of an object into rectangular parallelepiped cells 13 having boundary planes orthogonal to each other in accordance with octree division and separating the respective divided cells into internal cells 13a positioned on the inner side of the object and boundary cells 13b including a boundary face, and a modeling unit quantity of a prototyping material 7 is changed in accordance with sizes of the internal cell 13a and the boundary cell 13b of a modeling portion. The prototyping material 7 is a resin, lumber powder, a low-fusing-point metal, metal powder, ceramics powder or a mixture of a binder and one of these materials, and its modeling unit quantity is set in such a manner that the modeling unit quantity is smaller than a capacity of a corresponding cell and does not protrude from the boundary plane of the cell. As a result, by using the V-CAD data, a program for rapid prototyping can be simplified, and a model production time can be greatly reduced.

The electric storage device is provided with a case body and an electrode assembly accommodated in the case body. The electrode assembly includes positive and negative electrode sheets each having an active material layer. The case body includes at least one primary inner wall surface, at least one secondary inner wall surface, and corner surfaces. A plane that includes the boundary line between a primary inner wall surface and the corresponding corner surface and faces the corresponding secondary inner wall surface is defined as an imaginary boundary plane. An edge of the active material layer of a positive electrode sheet facing the corresponding secondary inner wall surface is positioned on the surface of the imaginary boundary plane, or is positioned in a region spaced further apart from the secondary inner wall surface facing the edge than the position of the imaginary boundary plane.

An image reading device includes a light source, an imaging unit that captures an image of an original using light from the light source, a conveying unit that conveys the original to the imaging unit, a casing that accommodates at least the imaging unit and the conveying unit, the casing having an insertion slot for feeding the original to the conveying unit, a determination unit that determines whether or not the image reading device is in a conveyable state in which the conveying unit is enabled to convey the original toward the imaging unit, and a notification unit that visually indicates whether or not the image reading device is in an insertion-enabled state enabling the original to be inserted through the insertion slot to the conveying unit based on determination made by the determination unit.The notification unit is provided above and near the insertion slot outside the casing or inside the insertion slot and between boundary planes, and the boundary planes contain respective opposite horizontal ends of the insertion slot and are perpendicular to a horizontal direction of the insertion slot with the casing being in a placed state.

A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes setting cut lines in parallel to a normal direction of a (1-100) plane orthogonal to the principal plane and in parallel to a normal direction of a (11-20) plane orthogonal to the (1-100) plane; forming, along the cut line parallel to the normal direction of the (1-100) plane, a trench from the principal plane of the semiconductor layer to a midpoint of a boundary plane between the semiconductor layer and the substrate; and cutting the wafer along the cut lines to divide the wafer into the plurality of semiconductor device where four side faces which are nonpolar planes orthogonal to the principal plane are set adjacent to the principal plane.

An inexpensive solenoid drive device with high magnetic performance is implemented in which a portion accommodating a plunger and a portion attracting the plunger are integrated with a core as a ferromagnetic body. A core includes a magnetic flux limiting portion that is located in a region on the biasing direction side of a first imaginary boundary plane and that is formed so as to have a small thickness in a radial direction, and an increased diameter portion that is formed so that its thickness the radial direction is increased in a continuous or stepwise manner from the first imaginary boundary plane toward the opposite biasing direction side. The increased diameter portion has a recessed portion whose outer surface is recessed toward a radial inner surface with respect to a predetermined increased diameter reference line in axial section of the core.

There is provided a light receiving element carrier including first through fourth layers laminated, a differential pair of vertical vias, one of them penetrating the second layer, and the other one of them penetrating the third layer, a broadside-coupled differential pair, one of them being located on a first boundary plane between the first and second layers, for connecting a high-frequency terminal to the one of the differential pair of vertical vias, and the other one of them being located on a third boundary plane between the third and fourth layers, for connecting another high-frequency terminal to the other one of the differential pair of vertical vias, and a differential pair of output lines located on a second boundary plane between the second and third layers, they extending on a terrace portion formed of a surface of the third layer which is partially exposed like a terrace.

The invention relates to a numerical simulation and limit equilibrium calculation-based landslide hazard assessment method. The assessment method comprises the steps of building a corresponding numerical model by adopting a large deformation numerical simulation method in combination with field survey data and related modeling methods, and determining landslide body form contour lines and key position coordinates of different positions in a landslide path; based on a ring shear or direct shear test, determining residual shear strength of a landslide body-slope surface boundary plane; analyzingand calculating landslide body factors-of-safety of different positions and landslide body forms in the landslide path by utilizing a limit equilibrium method, namely, performing FOS calculation; determining FOS specifications of specification requirements, wherein indexes needed to be considered for determination of the specific FOS include a sliding distance, a landslide speed, the number of people in a hazard range, and a land resource type of a hazard-bearing body; and establishing a landslide hazard degree calculation formula and determining landslide hazard level judgment standards. Themethod is suitable for hazard assessment of all types of soil landslides, and has good application prospects.

A screw rotor is for use in a screw pump that pumps fluid by rotation of a pair of screw rotors engaged with each other in a rotor housing. The screw rotor includes a multiple-thread portion for pump suction side and a single-thread portion for pump discharge side. The screw rotor is formed so that the tooth profile of the multiple-thread portion is connected to the tooth profile of the single-thread portion through a boundary plane that is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the screw rotor. The first curved portion coincides with the third curved portion in the boundary plane.

A control apparatus has a module having first and second module parts, which can be mechanically and electrically combined to form a combined arrangement. The first and second module parts each comprise a housing having a boundary surface opposite one another in the combined arrangement that define a boundary plane. The first and second module parts are combined by a pivoting movement about a pivot axis arranged perpendicular to the boundary plane. One of the module parts has a number of contacts comprising a first electrical contact, and the other module part has a number of mating contacts comprising a first electrical mating contact. In the combined arrangement, each electrical contact makes contact with its corresponding mating contact for electrical connection between the first and second module parts. The contacts comprise conductor tracks on a nonconductive board such that a printed circuit board is formed.

There is disclosed a method comprising an external data entering step (A), a shape data dividing step (B) for dividing the external data into cubic shape cells 13 having boundary planes orthogonal to one another based on octree division, and storing shape data for each cell, and a physical quantity dividing step (C) for dividing a physical quantity of the object into different physical quantity cells 13′ for each physical quantity based on octree division, and storing each physical quantity for each physical quantity cell. The shape cell 13 and each physical quantity cell 13′ for each physical quantity are stored on different memory layers 18 in the same coordinate system, and managed in correlation with each other. In addition, the plurality of memory layers 18 are used singly or in combination for use of the data of the shape and the physical quantity.

A boundary acoustic wave device is provided in which an increase in the conductor resistance can be suppressed and a satisfactorily high electromechanical coupling coefficient K2 can be achieved even when the frequency is increased. The boundary acoustic wave device includes a first medium, a second medium, and an IDT provided therebetween. In the boundary acoustic wave device, a plane that separates the IDT into two equal parts in the thickness direction is defined as a boundary plane, the energy of boundary acoustic waves that is present at the first medium side of the boundary plane is represented by E1, and the energy that is present at the second medium side of the boundary plane is represented by E2. Furthermore, under the condition that an IDT including only the conductive layer having the highest density among the plurality of conductive layers constituting the IDT is configured so that the sound velocity of boundary acoustic waves when the IDT includes the plurality of conductive layers is equal to the sound velocity of boundary acoustic waves when the IDT includes only the conductive layer having the highest density, the energy of boundary acoustic waves that is present at the first medium side of the boundary plane is represented by E1′ and the energy that is present at the second medium side of the boundary plane is represented by E2′. In this case, the relationship E1 / E2>E1′ / E2′ is satisfied.

The invention provides an apparatus including (a) a frame having a boundary plane; (b) a flow chamber supported by the frame, the flow chamber placed a distance from the boundary plane; (c) a radiation source, the radiation source directed away from the flow chamber and away from the exterior side of the boundary plane, and (d) a first reflective surface placed to direct a radiation beam in a path crossing the boundary plane to the flow chamber; (e) one or more reflective surfaces placed to direct a radiation beam from the radiation source to the first reflective surface, the path from the radiation source to the flow chamber being at least 1.5 times the distance from the flow chamber to the boundary plane.

The present invention discloses a method of visualizing the 3-dimensional microstructure of a thick biological tissue. This method includes: a process of immersing thick, opaque biological tissues in the optical-clearing solution, for example FocusClear (U.S. Pat. No. 6,472,216), and utilizing an optical scanning microscope and a cutter. In microscopy, the cutter removes a portion of the tissue after each round of optical scanning. Each round of optical scanning follows the principal that the depth of the removal plane is less than the depth of the boundary plane derived from the scanning This method acquires an image stack to provide the information of thick biological tissue's 3-dimensional microstructure with minimal interference by the tissue removal.

An on-vehicle antenna system which offers a superior receiving performance, by suppressing reception of reflected / scattered waves coming from inside of the vehicle's cabin; these reflected / scattered waves being an adverse factor which deteriorates signal receiving performance of an antenna. The antenna system is installed at glass pane portion of a vehicle with direction (12) of the greatest radiation pattern (11) directed towards ahead (14) of the vehicle from boundary plane (10) containing power supply portion (9), while direction (13) of the smallest radiation pattern (11) towards behind (15) of the vehicle. The above-configured antenna system can suppress those waves reflected / scattered in the vehicle cabin from being received; as the result, it demonstrates improved characteristics.