31 results about "Principal plane" patented technology

A system includes an interface having a first orientation. The first orientation defines a geometric plane, and the interface has a substantially planar distribution over the geometric plane. The interface is configured to receive light. The light represents an image. The system also includes a reflector. The reflector has a main plane. The main plane has a second orientation different from the first orientation. The main plane defines a light-based angle of incidence and a light-based angle of reflection.

The invention relates to the technical field of optical reflection cavities, and provides an optical reflection cavity, an optical multi-pass pool system and an optical resonant cavity system. According to the optical reflection cavity provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first sub-plane mirror is introduced into the plane-concave cavity; a first sub-plane mirror is arranged in an edge area of a main plane mirror in the y-axis direction and is inclined relative to the main plane mirror in the y-axis direction, and the length of the first sub-plane mirror in the x-axis direction is more than one time of the track width of a light beam on the main plane mirror in the x-axis direction; the light beam can be reflected by the first sub-plane mirror for more than one time, and the translation direction of the track is continuously changed after the light beam is reflected by the first sub-plane mirror, so that the reflection times of the light beam in a limited volume are increased, the optical path is increased, and the distribution density of reflected light spots is also increased. And more reflection times, higher optical path volume ratio and higher-density light spot distribution can be achieved.

This invention discloses a point cloud-based method for multi-component positioning and cross-section extraction in arc additive manufacturing, relating to the fields of additive manufacturing and digital inspection. The method includes: acquiring an original 3D point cloud containing a substrate and multiple additive components; identifying the substrate's principal plane to construct a global spatial reference, resulting in a globally aligned point cloud; separating the substrate point cloud and component point clouds to obtain a multi-component point cloud set; performing spatial connectivity analysis and segmentation on the multi-component point cloud set to obtain multiple independent component point clouds corresponding to a single component; performing principal direction identification and attitude standardization processing to obtain component point clouds under standard attitudes; and based on the component point clouds under standard attitudes, determining the cross-section position and extracting the point set within the cross-section's neighborhood to generate cross-section point cloud data characterizing the component's cross-sectional morphology. This method automates the processing from the original point cloud to standardized cross-sectional features, improving the accuracy and consistency of multi-component identification and cross-section extraction in arc additive manufacturing.

The invention relates to a current-assisted photonic demodulator (1), adapted to detect light radiation, comprising:a detection portion (10), made based on germanium, extending vertically between a rear face (Far) and a front face (Fav) parallel with a main plane, the front face (Fav) being intended to receive light radiation, comprising modulation regions (11) and collection regions (12);a dielectric layer (22), made of at least one electrically insulating material, and extending on and in contact with the rear face (Far);at least one central electrode (EC), intended to be positively polarized, partially passing through the dielectric layer (22) and spaced apart from the rear face (Far) by a non-zero distance, located facing the central zone (Zc) and disposed, in projection in the main plane, between the modulation regions (11).

An electromagnetic assembly (1) configured to generate three-dimensional movement of at least one optical module (2), said electromagnetic assembly (1) comprising at least one magnet (6), at least one first electromagnetic coil (3) forming a first actuator (11) together with said magnet (6), and at least one second electromagnetic coil (5) forming a second actuator (12) together with said magnet (6). One of said first electromagnetic coil (3) and said second electromagnetic coil (5) surrounds said magnet (6), and the other of said first electromagnetic coil (3) and said second electromagnetic coil (5) extends adjacent said magnet (6). Manipulation of electrical current in said first actuator (11) generates movement of said optical module (2) in a main plane (P), and manipulation of electrical current in said second actuator (12) generates movement of said optical module (2) in directions along a normal (N) to said main plane (P).

This invention discloses a method for extrinsic parameter calibration of a LiDAR and camera based on directional equalization, comprising the following steps: extracting edge feature maps from the camera image and performing Euclidean distance transformation on the edge feature maps to obtain the range field and its gradient; performing voxel downsampling on the LiDAR point cloud and using a region growing algorithm to segment the principal plane from the downsampled LiDAR point cloud; solving for the intersection lines between adjacent principal planes pairwise to obtain LiDAR edge line features; transforming the LiDAR edge line feature points to the camera coordinate system and projecting them onto the image plane, and performing bilinear sampling of the range field and its gradient at the projected pixel positions; constructing a global orientation histogram and calculating the directional equalization weights; constructing a joint objective function that fuses the range field residuals and the directional equalization weights; and iteratively optimizing the joint objective function to solve for the optimal extrinsic parameters between the LiDAR and the camera. The advantage of this invention is that it improves the stability of extrinsic parameter estimation.

The invention relates to a current-assisted photonic demodulator (1) adapted for detecting light radiation, comprising: a detection portion (10), made of germanium, extending vertically between a rear face (Far) and a front face (Fav) parallel to a principal plane, the front face (Fav) being intended to receive the light radiation, comprising modulation regions (11) and collection regions (12); a dielectric layer (22), made of at least one electrically insulating material, extending over and in contact with the rear face (Far); at least one central electrode (EC), intended to be positively polarized, partially traversing the dielectric layer (22) and spaced from the rear face (Far) by a non-zero distance, located opposite the central region (Zc) and arranged, in projection onto the principal plane, between the modulation regions (11). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1A

An optical adjustment assembly, a lens assembly and a vehicle-mounted projection lamp, the lens assembly comprises an object plane (1), an image plane (10), a lens unit (8) arranged between the object plane (1) and the image plane (10) and an optical adjustment assembly, the optical adjustment assembly comprises a driving mechanism and an optical element unit (2), the driving mechanism is suitable for driving the optical element unit (2) to be inserted between the object plane (1) and the lens unit (8), and the optical element unit (2) is suitable for being inserted between the object plane (1) and the lens unit (8). The optical element unit (2) is used for changing the optical path between the object plane (1) and the main plane of the lens unit (8); or the driving mechanism is suitable for driving the optical element unit (2) to be inserted between the lens unit (8) and the image plane (10), and the optical element unit (2) is used for changing the focal length of the lens unit (8), so that the object plane (1) is imaged on the image plane (10) with different physical distances from the main plane of the lens unit (8). The optical adjusting assembly can realize clear imaging of image planes (10) with different distances with lower cost and a simple structure under the condition that the physical distance between the object plane (1) and the lens unit (8) is not changed.

This invention discloses an apparatus and method for measuring aerodynamic breakup in hypersonic wind tunnels, belonging to the field of hypersonic aerodynamic measurement technology. It solves the problems of blurred observations and two-dimensional limitations in existing traditional hypersonic wind tunnel aerodynamic breakup measurement devices and methods. This invention features a droplet generator in the hypersonic wind tunnel to generate the droplet to be measured, and a schlieren window in the test section of the hypersonic wind tunnel. A sub-nanosecond pulsed laser is used to emit a laser source. The light source is parallelized by a lens, a small plane mirror, a collimating mirror, and a principal plane mirror, then reflected by a schlieren window on one side of the test section, the droplet to be measured, and a schlieren window on the other side of the test section before finally entering a hypersonic camera. The hypersonic camera is connected to an image acquisition and data processing module. This invention effectively improves the dimensionality of hypersonic wind tunnel aerodynamic breakup measurement and can be applied to measuring hypersonic wind tunnel aerodynamic breakup and the protection design of hypersonic vehicles.

An optical assembly (600) comprises an optical element (610) having an adaptable shape and an actuator assembly (620). The actuator assembly comprises a support structure (613) defining a first axis, a primary intermediate part (622), a movable part (621), and one or more actuator units. The primary intermediate part is movable relative to the support structure in a primary plane perpendicular to the first axis and comprises plurality of primary drive portions each extending out of the primary plane. The movable part comprises a plurality of driven portions each corresponding to one of the plurality of primary drive portions. Each driven portion is movable relative to the support structure to adapt the adaptable shape of the optical element. The one or more actuator units are configured to drive movement of the primary intermediate part relative to the support structure in the primary plane. Movement parallel to the primary plane of the plurality of primary drive portions effects movement of at least a subset of the plurality of driven portions out of the primary plane to adapt the adaptable shape of the optical element.

To adjust the imaging height to allow the multi-beams to be incident perpendicularly on a sample surface while suppressing fluctuations in the beam array distribution.SOLUTION: A multi-charged particle beam irradiation device according to an embodiment includes an optical system including multiple stages of lenses for adjusting the multiple beams, and a lens control circuit. A virtual crossover, as viewed from downstream of the multiple beams, is formed on the front focal plane of the lowest objective lens in the optical system, and the multiple beams are configured to be perpendicularly incident on the sample surface. The multiple stages of lenses include three or more stages of focus correction lenses that perform focus correction according to the height of the sample surface and / or the beam current. An actual crossover (CO2r) is located between the main surface of the topmost focus correction lens and the main surface of the bottommost focus correction lens. The lens control circuit controls the applied voltage or current conditions of the focus correction lenses so as to satisfy a predetermined rotation angle condition, a condition for the virtual crossover (CO2) to be stationary as viewed from downstream, and a focusing condition.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

An optical assembly comprises an optical element having an adaptable shape, and an actuator assembly. The actuator assembly comprises a support structure defining a first axis z, a primary intermediat

Scanning particle beam microscope (1) for examining an object (9), comprising a particle-optical system (2) comprising an objective (7) for focusing a primary beam (6) of the scanning particle beam microscope (1) onto an object region (OR) of the particle-optical system (2), such that particles are emitted from the object (9) and pass through a principal plane (PP) of the objective (7); and a detector system (11) comprising a particle-optical detector component (12) for generating an electrostatic field in a beam path of the emitted particles; wherein the field is arranged at least partially outside an objective field of the objective (7) and exerts a collecting particle-optical effect on the emitted particles; wherein the detector system (11) is configured to spatially filter the emitted particles after passing through the field and to detect a proportion of the filtered emitted particles; wherein the particle-optical detector component (12) is designed such that the spatial filtering filters the emitted particles according to a kinetic energy of the emitted particles, characterized by the fact that the field of the detector system is axially symmetric.

The present application relates to the technical field of optical reflection cavities. Provided are an optical reflection cavity, an optical multi-pass cell system, and an optical resonant cavity system. In the optical reflection cavity provided in the embodiments of the present application, a first sub-plane mirror is introduced into a plano-concave cavity, the first sub-plane mirror is disposed in an edge region of a main plane mirror in a y-axis direction and is inclined relative to the main plane mirror in the y-axis direction, and the length of the first sub-plane mirror in an x-axis direction is at least one times the width of a trajectory of a light beam on the main plane mirror in the x-axis direction, so that the light beam can be reflected by the first sub-plane mirror at least once, and the translation direction of the trajectory is continuously changed after the light beam is reflected by the first sub-plane mirror, so as to increase the number of reflections of the light beam within a limited volume, thereby increasing an optical path length and the distribution density of reflected light spots. Compared with a Herriot cell and a White cell, more reflections, a larger optical-path-length-to-volume ratio and a higher distribution density of the light spots can be achieved.

[Problem] To provide an optical device that is miniaturized while ensuring a substrate mounting area. [Solution] An optical device comprises: a first substrate having a main plane orthogonal to the optical axis direction of an optical system, and having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, both centered on the optical axis direction; a second substrate connected to the first substrate and having a main plane parallel to the optical axis direction; and a fixing cylinder that positions the first substrate while restricting movement of the first substrate in the optical axis direction; and a connection portion between the first substrate and the second substrate arranged so as not to overlap with a fixing portion for fixing a component different from the first substrate to the fixing cylinder when viewed from the optical axis direction. When viewed from the optical axis direction, at least a portion of the fixed tube is located inside the outer diameter.

The utility model relates to the technical field of optical reflection cavities, and provides an optical reflection cavity and detection equipment. The optical reflection cavity comprises a concave surface reflecting mirror, a main plane reflecting mirror, a first sub plane reflecting mirror and a second sub plane reflecting mirror which are inclined relative to the main plane reflecting mirror along at least one of an x-axis direction and a y-axis direction, and a third sub plane reflecting mirror which is inclined relative to the main plane reflecting mirror along the y-axis direction or has an inclined component along the y-axis direction; the first sub-plane mirror, the second sub-plane mirror, the third sub-plane mirror and the main plane mirror are located on a focal plane, and a light beam is reflected into the optical reflection cavity through the first sub-plane mirror, is reflected for multiple times through the concave surface mirror, the main plane mirror and the third sub-plane mirror, and then is reflected into the optical reflection cavity. And the light is reflected to the outside of the optical reflection cavity through the second sub-plane mirror. The optical reflection cavity and the detection equipment in the embodiment of the utility model can meet the requirements of small volume, long optical path and flat form.

A converged ion beam processing device (100) is provided for improving the cross-sectional shape and enhancing the working efficiency when cross-sectional processing is performed using a converged ion beam. The converged ion beam processing device (100) comprises an ion source (21), a sample stage (50) for holding a sample (200), a convergent lens (22), an aperture (24) having a slit (24s) with one side (24t) being linear, and a projection lens (28) disposed on a beam path between the aperture and the sample stage. When a cross-sectional shape is processed in the sample, when the converged ion beam (20A) is focused on the principal plane of the projection lens by Koehler illumination, the applied voltage of the convergent lens is set to be less than the prescribed voltage and not less than 80% of the prescribed voltage, and the position of the aperture is set so that the aperture blocks the converged ion beam in a state where the distance between the one side of the aperture and the center of the converged ion beam is greater than 0 μm and not more than 500 μm, thereby forming a transfer mode in which the shape of the slit is transferred to the sample.

The present invention discloses a polarization-based optical holographic encryption method, which includes: generating an initial field distribution U0 with a random phase and amplitude of X everywhere on the main plane; combining the initial field distribution U0 with the propagation distance to encrypt the field distribution U0 of the information; B Iterate and obtain the sub-hologram H B ; Sub-hologram H formed by encrypted information B Perform phase encoding and obtain H′ B , that is, the encrypted sub-hologram. Multiple encrypted sub-holograms and non-encrypted sub-holograms can be synthesized to obtain the final hologram H. The holographic image of non-encrypted information only needs to be projected in the spatial domain to appear, while the holographic image of encrypted information requires vortex wave plates and polarizers to be decoded at the device level to obtain.

An apparatus includes an acquisition unit for acquiring a driving position of a capturing element which relates to tilt driving for changing a tilt angle formed between a surface of the capturing element and a main plane of an optical system by inclining the capturing element, a determination unit for determining whether the tilt angle exceeds a threshold based on the acquired driving position of the capturing element, and determining a user interface for operating a focus lens of the optical system based on a determination result.

In an imaging unit 100, an aligner is caused to perform a two-dimensional sweep with a charged particle beam of a principal plane of a lens by a first modulation signal, and a deflector is caused to perform a two-dimensional sweep with the charged particle beam over a sample 112 by a second modulation signal synchronized with the first modulation signal. On the basis of an angle-scan image for beam-landing control, which is image data generated by a signal processing unit 103 by synchronously recording a detection signal of a detector 115 with the first modulation signal or the second modulation signal, geometric aberration coefficients of the lens at the surface position of the sample are calculated.

Microwave radar systems using compact form factor devices are described. Examples of such devices include a “folded” beamformer. The beamformer includes: a linear array of microwave antennas; a principal plane including: a Rotman lens; a first set of coplanar microwave waveguides; and a second set of coplanar microwave waveguides; and a series of one or more first planes parallel to the principal, each first plane including the first set of waveguides. Each plane of the beamformer includes one or more sets of miter bends, each set of miter bends configured to redirect waveguides of the first or second set. The beamformer can be configured for use in a radar system, either as a receiver (RX) beamformer, a transmitter (TX) beamformer, or as a combined transceiver (TRX) beamformer. The radar system can also include a second beamformer for receiving and transmitting using two separate beamformers.

A light scanning apparatus satisfies the following conditions: 0.60≤(dYmax− / dθ) / (dY0 / dθ)≤0.98; and 0.50<Sk / ft<1.00, where, when a deflecting unit rotates at a constant angular velocity, θ represents a scanning angle between a principal ray of a light flux immediately after deflected by the deflecting unit and an optical axis of an imaging optical system, Y0 represents an on-axis image height, Ymax− represents a first outermost off-axis image height on a side opposite to a light source with respect to the optical axis of the imaging optical system in a main scanning cross section, ft represents a focal distance of the imaging optical system in the main scanning cross section, and Sk represents a distance between a rear-side principal plane of the imaging optical system and a scanned surface on an optical path of a principal ray of the light flux that travels to the on-axis image height.

An optical assembly (600) comprises an optical element (610) having an adaptable shape and an actuator assembly (620). The actuator assembly comprises a support structure (613) defining a first axis, a primary intermediate part (622), a movable part (621), and one or more actuator units. The primary intermediate part is movable relative to the support structure in a primary plane perpendicular to the first axis and comprises plurality of primary drive portions each extending out of the primary plane. The movable part comprises a plurality of driven portions each corresponding to one of the plurality of primary drive portions. Each driven portion is movable relative to the support structure to adapt the adaptable shape of the optical element. The one or more actuator units are configured to drive movement of the primary intermediate part relative to the support structure in the primary plane. Movement parallel to the primary plane of the plurality of primary drive portions effects movement of at least a subset of the plurality of driven portions out of the primary plane to adapt the adaptable shape of the optical element.

The invention relates to a flow element comprising a flat element, wherein the flat element can be, for example, a sheet metal forming product, wherein - the flat element has a raised section, which may be advantageous if the raised section, for example, borders a channel of the flow element on at least one side of the channel, - the elevation rises in a vertical direction orthogonal to two main extension directions of the flat element, starting from a base level, especially at the foot of the elevation, to a maximum level of the elevation, - the elevation extends in a longitudinal direction essentially parallel to a principal plane defined by the two principal extension directions of the flat element, or in a principal plane defined by the two principal extension directions of the flat element, to one end of the elevation and - the elevation has a transition zone, whereby - in a transitional elevation section of the transition zone, the elevation decreases, e.g., until the elevation at the end has decreased to zero, where the elevation is taken in the vertical direction. and / or - in a latitudinal transition section of the transition zone, the width of the elevation changes, e.g., until the width of the elevation decreases to zero at the end, where the width of the elevation is taken in a latitudinal direction that runs parallel to the main plane and orthogonal to the longitudinal direction in the base level.

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering measurement, in particular to tunnel face detection equipment which comprises a bearing base body, a rotary execution assembly, a contact type measuring piece, a position detection device and a processing unit. A contact type measuring piece with a bias force application part is adopted to enable the probe to be obliquely attached to the tunnel face, the included angle of the probe relative to the vertical face serves as geometric measurement quantity, and track position information output by the position detection device and calculation of the processing unit are matched. Under the condition of maintaining a preset distance, directly determining the normal direction of the main plane of the tunnel face and giving the sag relative to the gravity direction; therefore, dependence on optical echoes in construction environments with dust / water mist, rough surface and limited space is eliminated, continuous and redetectable sag evaluation is realized, and reference consistency, data stability and operation timeliness are improved.

A telecentric interferometer, a method for determining characteristics of an incident light field, and an interferometer assembly are disclosed. The telecentric interferometer includes a front optical element having an exit pupil, a first optical system having a first interferometer arm, a second optical system having a second interferometer arm, a detector, and a shift unit positioned between the front optical element and the detector. The first optical system and the second optical system have identically positioned object-side principal planes with the same object-side focal length, the same Gaussian image distance, and the same object-side optical axis. The exit pupil of the front optical element is separated from the object-side principal plane by the object-side focal length. The shift unit shifts the image-side principal plane of the first optical system and / or the image-side principal plane of the second optical system so that the image-side principal plane of the first optical system is different from the image-side principal plane of the second optical system and the optical path length of the first interferometer arm is equal to the optical path length of the second interferometer arm.

This invention provides a mineral compression-shear testing system and method at the microscale of rock. The system includes a holding mechanism, a normal loading component, a tangential loading component, and an image acquisition system. When the normal loading component is loaded, the rock thin-slice specimen held by the holding mechanism is pressed against the output end of the tangential loading component, thereby applying a shear load to the rock thin-slice specimen under constant normal stress. The image acquisition system is positioned facing the principal plane of the rock thin-slice specimen and is used to acquire, at least, a time-series image of the microcracks initiating at a pre-fabricated notch in the rock thin-slice specimen during the compression-shear test. The pre-fabricated notch is pre-drilled in the rock thin-slice specimen before the compression-shear test to form a controllable crack initiation location for observation. This invention, through independently decoupled normal and tangential loading components, achieves stable and repeatable observation of the entire process of shear loading and failure of rock thin-slice specimens under constant normal stress at the microscale.

According to the Sammer lens for the 3D line laser camera provided by the invention, the object plane, the image plane and the main plane of the lens are configured according to a specific included angle by introducing the Sammer's law and optimizing the optical design, so that the whole inclined object plane can be clearly imaged, the effective depth of field is expanded to 20mm, and the object height range of single measurement is greatly improved. Meanwhile, aberration caused by a large field of view and an inclined image plane is effectively corrected by means of the aspherical lens, it is ensured that high contrast and resolution are achieved in the full field of view with the line width of 30 mm, and MTFgt is met; and the imaging requirement of 0.5 at 100 lp / mm is met, and a high-quality image basis is provided for sub-pixel-level laser line center extraction. Besides, on the premise that the high-performance indexes are achieved, the thickness between the center point of the front surface of the first lens and the center point of the rear surface of the sixth lens is controlled within 25 mm through the optical path and structural design, the overall size of the 3D line laser camera is remarkably reduced, and the 3D line laser camera can be more easily integrated into automatic equipment with strict limitation on space.

An optical apparatus includes a first substrate having a main plane orthogonal to an optical axis direction of an optical system, and the first substrate having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, each of which is centered on the optical axis direction, a second substrate connected to the first substrate and having a main plane parallel to the optical axis direction, a fixed barrel that positions the first substrate while restricting a movement of the first substrate in the optical axis direction, and a connector between the first substrate and the second substrate disposed so as not to overlap a fixing portion for fixing a component different from the first substrate to the fixed barrel, when viewed from the optical axis direction. When viewed from the optical axis direction, at least a part of the fixed barrel is located inside the outer diameter.

The invention relates to a photonic device (1) comprising a photonic chip (PIC) having at least one waveguide (WG) arranged in the principal plane (P) and at least one receiving zone (Z) arranged on a surface of the photonic chip (PIC), the waveguide (WG) and the receiving zone (Z) being optically coupled to each other to propagate internal light radiation consisting of at least one mode. The photonic device also comprises a multiplane conversion device (MPLC) assembled to the photonic chip (PIC) and comprising a first optical port (P1), optically associated with the receiving zone (Z) of the photonic chip (PIC), and a second optical port (P2) for receiving external radiation, the external light radiation being capable of propagating between the second optical port (P2) and the first optical port (P1) during a plurality of reflections and / or transmissions on microstructured areas of the multiplane conversion device (MPLC).Figure to be published with the abbreviation: Fig. 1.