42 results about "Principal plane" patented technology

The invention provides an optical lens, which comprises six lenses in total, and sequentially comprises a first lens with negative focal power, a second lens with negative focal power, a third lens with negative focal power, a fourth lens with negative focal power, a fifth lens with negative focal power and a sixth lens with negative focal power from an object plane to an imaging plane along a light transmission direction, the object side surface of the second lens is a convex surface; the object side surface of the third lens is a convex surface, and the image side surface of the third lens is a convex surface; the object side surface of the fourth lens is a concave surface, and the image side surface of the fourth lens is a concave surface; the fifth lens has positive focal power, and the image side surface of the fifth lens is a convex surface; the sixth lens has focal power, the object side surface of the sixth lens is a concave surface, and the image side surface of the sixth lens is a concave surface near the optical axis; the object plane, the main plane of the optical lens and the imaging plane intersect at a line. According to the optical lens provided by the invention, through reasonable matching of the focal power and the surface type of each lens, spherical aberration and trapezoidal distortion can be effectively corrected, and the imaging quality is greatly improved.

A system includes an interface having a first orientation. The first orientation defines a geometric plane, and the interface has a substantially planar distribution over the geometric plane. The interface is configured to receive light. The light represents an image. The system also includes a reflector. The reflector has a main plane. The main plane has a second orientation different from the first orientation. The main plane defines a light-based angle of incidence and a light-based angle of reflection.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an active layer of monocrystalline silicon carbide by homoepitaxy on a composite structure, the method comprising the following steps: 1) providing a composite structure comprising a growth layer of monocrystalline silicon carbide extending along a main plane and arranged on a support substrate, the growth layer being delimited by a peripheral periphery and having a first thickness along an axis normal to the main plane;2) the formation of a local barrier in or on the growth layer, the local barrier extending at a distance and along the peripheral periphery, and corresponding to a physical discontinuity of the growth layer chosen from: - a bump relief induced by the presence of a material on the growth layer, said material being different from that of the growth layer, - a hollow relief corresponding to an etched zone of the growth layer, or - an amorphous domain or one of crystallinity different from the rest of the growth layer, the local barrier having a thickness, along the axis normal to the principal plane, less than the first thickness; 3) the epitaxial growth of the active layer on the growth layer. Figure to be published with the abstract: no figure;

The invention relates to the technical field of optical reflection cavities, and provides an optical reflection cavity, an optical multi-pass pool system and an optical resonant cavity system. According to the optical reflection cavity provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first sub-plane mirror is introduced into the plane-concave cavity; a first sub-plane mirror is arranged in an edge area of a main plane mirror in the y-axis direction and is inclined relative to the main plane mirror in the y-axis direction, and the length of the first sub-plane mirror in the x-axis direction is more than one time of the track width of a light beam on the main plane mirror in the x-axis direction; the light beam can be reflected by the first sub-plane mirror for more than one time, and the translation direction of the track is continuously changed after the light beam is reflected by the first sub-plane mirror, so that the reflection times of the light beam in a limited volume are increased, the optical path is increased, and the distribution density of reflected light spots is also increased. And more reflection times, higher optical path volume ratio and higher-density light spot distribution can be achieved.

A telecentric interferometer, a method for determining characteristics of an input light field, and an interferometer assembly are disclosed. The telecentric interferometer includes a front side optic having an exit pupil, a first optical system having a first interferometer arm, a second optical system having a second interferometer arm, a detector, and a displacement unit located between the front side optic and the detector. The first optical system and the second optical system have a same object-side focal length, a same Gaussian image distance, and a same object-side main plane and a same object-side optical axis. The exit pupil of the front-side optic is the object-side focal length from the object-side main plane. The shifting unit shifts an image-side main plane of the first optical system and / or an image-side main plane of the second optical system such that the image-side main plane of the first optical system is different from the image-side main plane of the second optical system. And the optical path length of the first interferometer arm is equal to the optical path length of the second interferometer arm.

This invention discloses a point cloud-based method for multi-component positioning and cross-section extraction in arc additive manufacturing, relating to the fields of additive manufacturing and digital inspection. The method includes: acquiring an original 3D point cloud containing a substrate and multiple additive components; identifying the substrate's principal plane to construct a global spatial reference, resulting in a globally aligned point cloud; separating the substrate point cloud and component point clouds to obtain a multi-component point cloud set; performing spatial connectivity analysis and segmentation on the multi-component point cloud set to obtain multiple independent component point clouds corresponding to a single component; performing principal direction identification and attitude standardization processing to obtain component point clouds under standard attitudes; and based on the component point clouds under standard attitudes, determining the cross-section position and extracting the point set within the cross-section's neighborhood to generate cross-section point cloud data characterizing the component's cross-sectional morphology. This method automates the processing from the original point cloud to standardized cross-sectional features, improving the accuracy and consistency of multi-component identification and cross-section extraction in arc additive manufacturing.

The invention relates to a current-assisted photonic demodulator (1), adapted to detect light radiation, comprising:a detection portion (10), made based on germanium, extending vertically between a rear face (Far) and a front face (Fav) parallel with a main plane, the front face (Fav) being intended to receive light radiation, comprising modulation regions (11) and collection regions (12);a dielectric layer (22), made of at least one electrically insulating material, and extending on and in contact with the rear face (Far);at least one central electrode (EC), intended to be positively polarized, partially passing through the dielectric layer (22) and spaced apart from the rear face (Far) by a non-zero distance, located facing the central zone (Zc) and disposed, in projection in the main plane, between the modulation regions (11).

An electromagnetic assembly (1) configured to generate three-dimensional movement of at least one optical module (2), said electromagnetic assembly (1) comprising at least one magnet (6), at least one first electromagnetic coil (3) forming a first actuator (11) together with said magnet (6), and at least one second electromagnetic coil (5) forming a second actuator (12) together with said magnet (6). One of said first electromagnetic coil (3) and said second electromagnetic coil (5) surrounds said magnet (6), and the other of said first electromagnetic coil (3) and said second electromagnetic coil (5) extends adjacent said magnet (6). Manipulation of electrical current in said first actuator (11) generates movement of said optical module (2) in a main plane (P), and manipulation of electrical current in said second actuator (12) generates movement of said optical module (2) in directions along a normal (N) to said main plane (P).

This invention discloses a method for extrinsic parameter calibration of a LiDAR and camera based on directional equalization, comprising the following steps: extracting edge feature maps from the camera image and performing Euclidean distance transformation on the edge feature maps to obtain the range field and its gradient; performing voxel downsampling on the LiDAR point cloud and using a region growing algorithm to segment the principal plane from the downsampled LiDAR point cloud; solving for the intersection lines between adjacent principal planes pairwise to obtain LiDAR edge line features; transforming the LiDAR edge line feature points to the camera coordinate system and projecting them onto the image plane, and performing bilinear sampling of the range field and its gradient at the projected pixel positions; constructing a global orientation histogram and calculating the directional equalization weights; constructing a joint objective function that fuses the range field residuals and the directional equalization weights; and iteratively optimizing the joint objective function to solve for the optimal extrinsic parameters between the LiDAR and the camera. The advantage of this invention is that it improves the stability of extrinsic parameter estimation.

The invention relates to a resolution target for infrared imaging, the target comprising a plurality of patterns formed on the front face of a support (22), laterally spaced in pairs in a main plane, and intended to form dark patterns on a light background when the resolution target is illuminated by the infrared beam. Each pattern is formed by a Fabry-Pérot-type resonant cavity (CR) comprising a lower reflector (23) and an upper reflector (25) between which an intermediate layer (24) is located; wherein the lower reflector (23), located on the side of the support (22), is less reflective than the upper reflector (25). The intermediate layer (24) extends continuously from one resonant cavity (CR) to another, and thus also extends into an intermediate zone (ZI) surrounding the resonant cavities in the main plane.

The invention relates to a current-assisted photonic demodulator (1) adapted for detecting light radiation, comprising: a detection portion (10), made of germanium, extending vertically between a rear face (Far) and a front face (Fav) parallel to a principal plane, the front face (Fav) being intended to receive the light radiation, comprising modulation regions (11) and collection regions (12); a dielectric layer (22), made of at least one electrically insulating material, extending over and in contact with the rear face (Far); at least one central electrode (EC), intended to be positively polarized, partially traversing the dielectric layer (22) and spaced from the rear face (Far) by a non-zero distance, located opposite the central region (Zc) and arranged, in projection onto the principal plane, between the modulation regions (11). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1A

An optical adjustment assembly, a lens assembly and a vehicle-mounted projection lamp, the lens assembly comprises an object plane (1), an image plane (10), a lens unit (8) arranged between the object plane (1) and the image plane (10) and an optical adjustment assembly, the optical adjustment assembly comprises a driving mechanism and an optical element unit (2), the driving mechanism is suitable for driving the optical element unit (2) to be inserted between the object plane (1) and the lens unit (8), and the optical element unit (2) is suitable for being inserted between the object plane (1) and the lens unit (8). The optical element unit (2) is used for changing the optical path between the object plane (1) and the main plane of the lens unit (8); or the driving mechanism is suitable for driving the optical element unit (2) to be inserted between the lens unit (8) and the image plane (10), and the optical element unit (2) is used for changing the focal length of the lens unit (8), so that the object plane (1) is imaged on the image plane (10) with different physical distances from the main plane of the lens unit (8). The optical adjusting assembly can realize clear imaging of image planes (10) with different distances with lower cost and a simple structure under the condition that the physical distance between the object plane (1) and the lens unit (8) is not changed.

This invention discloses an apparatus and method for measuring aerodynamic breakup in hypersonic wind tunnels, belonging to the field of hypersonic aerodynamic measurement technology. It solves the problems of blurred observations and two-dimensional limitations in existing traditional hypersonic wind tunnel aerodynamic breakup measurement devices and methods. This invention features a droplet generator in the hypersonic wind tunnel to generate the droplet to be measured, and a schlieren window in the test section of the hypersonic wind tunnel. A sub-nanosecond pulsed laser is used to emit a laser source. The light source is parallelized by a lens, a small plane mirror, a collimating mirror, and a principal plane mirror, then reflected by a schlieren window on one side of the test section, the droplet to be measured, and a schlieren window on the other side of the test section before finally entering a hypersonic camera. The hypersonic camera is connected to an image acquisition and data processing module. This invention effectively improves the dimensionality of hypersonic wind tunnel aerodynamic breakup measurement and can be applied to measuring hypersonic wind tunnel aerodynamic breakup and the protection design of hypersonic vehicles.

An optical assembly (600) comprises an optical element (610) having an adaptable shape and an actuator assembly (620). The actuator assembly comprises a support structure (613) defining a first axis, a primary intermediate part (622), a movable part (621), and one or more actuator units. The primary intermediate part is movable relative to the support structure in a primary plane perpendicular to the first axis and comprises plurality of primary drive portions each extending out of the primary plane. The movable part comprises a plurality of driven portions each corresponding to one of the plurality of primary drive portions. Each driven portion is movable relative to the support structure to adapt the adaptable shape of the optical element. The one or more actuator units are configured to drive movement of the primary intermediate part relative to the support structure in the primary plane. Movement parallel to the primary plane of the plurality of primary drive portions effects movement of at least a subset of the plurality of driven portions out of the primary plane to adapt the adaptable shape of the optical element.

The present invention provides an optical lens having a total of six lenses, which, along the direction of light transmission from the object plane to the imaging plane, include: a first lens having negative optical power, whose object side surface is concave at the near optical axis and whose image side surface is convex at the near optical axis; a second lens having positive optical power, whose object side surface is convex; a third lens having positive optical power, whose object side surface is convex and whose image side surface is convex; a fourth lens having negative optical power, whose object side surface is concave and whose image side surface is concave; a fifth lens having positive optical power, whose image side surface is convex; a sixth lens having optical power, whose object side surface is concave and whose image side surface is concave at the near optical axis; the object plane, the principal plane of the optical lens, and the imaging plane intersect on a straight line. The optical lens provided by the present invention, through the reasonable combination of the optical power and surface shape of each lens, can effectively correct spherical aberration and keystone distortion, thereby greatly improving imaging quality.

To adjust the imaging height to allow the multi-beams to be incident perpendicularly on a sample surface while suppressing fluctuations in the beam array distribution.SOLUTION: A multi-charged particle beam irradiation device according to an embodiment includes an optical system including multiple stages of lenses for adjusting the multiple beams, and a lens control circuit. A virtual crossover, as viewed from downstream of the multiple beams, is formed on the front focal plane of the lowest objective lens in the optical system, and the multiple beams are configured to be perpendicularly incident on the sample surface. The multiple stages of lenses include three or more stages of focus correction lenses that perform focus correction according to the height of the sample surface and / or the beam current. An actual crossover (CO2r) is located between the main surface of the topmost focus correction lens and the main surface of the bottommost focus correction lens. The lens control circuit controls the applied voltage or current conditions of the focus correction lenses so as to satisfy a predetermined rotation angle condition, a condition for the virtual crossover (CO2) to be stationary as viewed from downstream, and a focusing condition.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

An optical assembly comprises an optical element having an adaptable shape, and an actuator assembly. The actuator assembly comprises a support structure defining a first axis z, a primary intermediat

The present invention discloses a short-wavelength, large-field-of-view lens for space use, comprising: a reverse telephoto lens group and a rear lens group coaxially arranged in sequence along the direction of light incidence; the reverse telephoto lens group comprises a first negative lens and a second negative lens arranged in sequence; the rear lens group comprises a third positive lens, a fourth positive lens, a fifth positive lens, a sixth negative lens, a seventh positive lens, and an eighth negative lens arranged in sequence. By implementing the present invention, a reverse telephoto lens group and a rear lens group are provided, wherein the reverse telephoto lens group can cause the principal plane parameters of the lens to shift backward, thereby facilitating the incidence of light into the rear lens group. At the same time, by reasonably setting the optical focal length and material thermal expansion coefficient of each lens in the two lens groups, the lens can achieve a large field of view angle and can achieve image plane stability under high and low temperature conditions of vacuum and normal pressure, meeting the requirements of aerospace miniaturization, large field of view, and long-period monitoring, and can also be used for various ground imaging needs.

Scanning particle beam microscope (1) for examining an object (9), comprising a particle-optical system (2) comprising an objective (7) for focusing a primary beam (6) of the scanning particle beam microscope (1) onto an object region (OR) of the particle-optical system (2), such that particles are emitted from the object (9) and pass through a principal plane (PP) of the objective (7); and a detector system (11) comprising a particle-optical detector component (12) for generating an electrostatic field in a beam path of the emitted particles; wherein the field is arranged at least partially outside an objective field of the objective (7) and exerts a collecting particle-optical effect on the emitted particles; wherein the detector system (11) is configured to spatially filter the emitted particles after passing through the field and to detect a proportion of the filtered emitted particles; wherein the particle-optical detector component (12) is designed such that the spatial filtering filters the emitted particles according to a kinetic energy of the emitted particles, characterized by the fact that the field of the detector system is axially symmetric.

The present application relates to the technical field of optical reflection cavities. Provided are an optical reflection cavity, an optical multi-pass cell system, and an optical resonant cavity system. In the optical reflection cavity provided in the embodiments of the present application, a first sub-plane mirror is introduced into a plano-concave cavity, the first sub-plane mirror is disposed in an edge region of a main plane mirror in a y-axis direction and is inclined relative to the main plane mirror in the y-axis direction, and the length of the first sub-plane mirror in an x-axis direction is at least one times the width of a trajectory of a light beam on the main plane mirror in the x-axis direction, so that the light beam can be reflected by the first sub-plane mirror at least once, and the translation direction of the trajectory is continuously changed after the light beam is reflected by the first sub-plane mirror, so as to increase the number of reflections of the light beam within a limited volume, thereby increasing an optical path length and the distribution density of reflected light spots. Compared with a Herriot cell and a White cell, more reflections, a larger optical-path-length-to-volume ratio and a higher distribution density of the light spots can be achieved.

[Problem] To provide an optical device that is miniaturized while ensuring a substrate mounting area. [Solution] An optical device comprises: a first substrate having a main plane orthogonal to the optical axis direction of an optical system, and having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, both centered on the optical axis direction; a second substrate connected to the first substrate and having a main plane parallel to the optical axis direction; and a fixing cylinder that positions the first substrate while restricting movement of the first substrate in the optical axis direction; and a connection portion between the first substrate and the second substrate arranged so as not to overlap with a fixing portion for fixing a component different from the first substrate to the fixing cylinder when viewed from the optical axis direction. When viewed from the optical axis direction, at least a portion of the fixed tube is located inside the outer diameter.

The utility model relates to the technical field of optical reflection cavities, and provides an optical reflection cavity and detection equipment. The optical reflection cavity comprises a concave surface reflecting mirror, a main plane reflecting mirror, a first sub plane reflecting mirror and a second sub plane reflecting mirror which are inclined relative to the main plane reflecting mirror along at least one of an x-axis direction and a y-axis direction, and a third sub plane reflecting mirror which is inclined relative to the main plane reflecting mirror along the y-axis direction or has an inclined component along the y-axis direction; the first sub-plane mirror, the second sub-plane mirror, the third sub-plane mirror and the main plane mirror are located on a focal plane, and a light beam is reflected into the optical reflection cavity through the first sub-plane mirror, is reflected for multiple times through the concave surface mirror, the main plane mirror and the third sub-plane mirror, and then is reflected into the optical reflection cavity. And the light is reflected to the outside of the optical reflection cavity through the second sub-plane mirror. The optical reflection cavity and the detection equipment in the embodiment of the utility model can meet the requirements of small volume, long optical path and flat form.

A converged ion beam processing device (100) is provided for improving the cross-sectional shape and enhancing the working efficiency when cross-sectional processing is performed using a converged ion beam. The converged ion beam processing device (100) comprises an ion source (21), a sample stage (50) for holding a sample (200), a convergent lens (22), an aperture (24) having a slit (24s) with one side (24t) being linear, and a projection lens (28) disposed on a beam path between the aperture and the sample stage. When a cross-sectional shape is processed in the sample, when the converged ion beam (20A) is focused on the principal plane of the projection lens by Koehler illumination, the applied voltage of the convergent lens is set to be less than the prescribed voltage and not less than 80% of the prescribed voltage, and the position of the aperture is set so that the aperture blocks the converged ion beam in a state where the distance between the one side of the aperture and the center of the converged ion beam is greater than 0 μm and not more than 500 μm, thereby forming a transfer mode in which the shape of the slit is transferred to the sample.

The present invention discloses a polarization-based optical holographic encryption method, which includes: generating an initial field distribution U0 with a random phase and amplitude of X everywhere on the main plane; combining the initial field distribution U0 with the propagation distance to encrypt the field distribution U0 of the information; B Iterate and obtain the sub-hologram H B ; Sub-hologram H formed by encrypted information B Perform phase encoding and obtain H′ B , that is, the encrypted sub-hologram. Multiple encrypted sub-holograms and non-encrypted sub-holograms can be synthesized to obtain the final hologram H. The holographic image of non-encrypted information only needs to be projected in the spatial domain to appear, while the holographic image of encrypted information requires vortex wave plates and polarizers to be decoded at the device level to obtain.

The utility model provides a microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer and a light path device thereof, relates to the technical field of optical instruments, and solves the technical problems that an instrument in the prior art cannot stably provide laser with multiple wavelengths, the light path design is complicated, and the instrument is huge in size. The device comprises a white light path assembly, a laser light path assembly, a Raman light path assembly and a microscopic assembly. According to the microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer and the light path device thereof disclosed by the utility model, a laser arranged on a main plane is reduced, the space of a vertical plane is effectively utilized, the space position of the main plane can be greatly saved, the volume of the whole equipment is favorably reduced, and the light path design is simplified; through the arrangement of the laser switching device, independent operation of each laser light path can be ensured, mutual interference is avoided, and laser with multiple wavelengths can be stably provided.

An apparatus includes an acquisition unit for acquiring a driving position of a capturing element which relates to tilt driving for changing a tilt angle formed between a surface of the capturing element and a main plane of an optical system by inclining the capturing element, a determination unit for determining whether the tilt angle exceeds a threshold based on the acquired driving position of the capturing element, and determining a user interface for operating a focus lens of the optical system based on a determination result.

In an imaging unit 100, an aligner is caused to perform a two-dimensional sweep with a charged particle beam of a principal plane of a lens by a first modulation signal, and a deflector is caused to perform a two-dimensional sweep with the charged particle beam over a sample 112 by a second modulation signal synchronized with the first modulation signal. On the basis of an angle-scan image for beam-landing control, which is image data generated by a signal processing unit 103 by synchronously recording a detection signal of a detector 115 with the first modulation signal or the second modulation signal, geometric aberration coefficients of the lens at the surface position of the sample are calculated.

Microwave radar systems using compact form factor devices are described. Examples of such devices include a “folded” beamformer. The beamformer includes: a linear array of microwave antennas; a principal plane including: a Rotman lens; a first set of coplanar microwave waveguides; and a second set of coplanar microwave waveguides; and a series of one or more first planes parallel to the principal, each first plane including the first set of waveguides. Each plane of the beamformer includes one or more sets of miter bends, each set of miter bends configured to redirect waveguides of the first or second set. The beamformer can be configured for use in a radar system, either as a receiver (RX) beamformer, a transmitter (TX) beamformer, or as a combined transceiver (TRX) beamformer. The radar system can also include a second beamformer for receiving and transmitting using two separate beamformers.

A light scanning apparatus satisfies the following conditions: 0.60≤(dYmax− / dθ) / (dY0 / dθ)≤0.98; and 0.50<Sk / ft<1.00, where, when a deflecting unit rotates at a constant angular velocity, θ represents a scanning angle between a principal ray of a light flux immediately after deflected by the deflecting unit and an optical axis of an imaging optical system, Y0 represents an on-axis image height, Ymax− represents a first outermost off-axis image height on a side opposite to a light source with respect to the optical axis of the imaging optical system in a main scanning cross section, ft represents a focal distance of the imaging optical system in the main scanning cross section, and Sk represents a distance between a rear-side principal plane of the imaging optical system and a scanned surface on an optical path of a principal ray of the light flux that travels to the on-axis image height.

An optical assembly (600) comprises an optical element (610) having an adaptable shape and an actuator assembly (620). The actuator assembly comprises a support structure (613) defining a first axis, a primary intermediate part (622), a movable part (621), and one or more actuator units. The primary intermediate part is movable relative to the support structure in a primary plane perpendicular to the first axis and comprises plurality of primary drive portions each extending out of the primary plane. The movable part comprises a plurality of driven portions each corresponding to one of the plurality of primary drive portions. Each driven portion is movable relative to the support structure to adapt the adaptable shape of the optical element. The one or more actuator units are configured to drive movement of the primary intermediate part relative to the support structure in the primary plane. Movement parallel to the primary plane of the plurality of primary drive portions effects movement of at least a subset of the plurality of driven portions out of the primary plane to adapt the adaptable shape of the optical element.