210results about How to "Constant rate" patented technology

Methods of processing films on substrates are provided. In one aspect, the methods comprise treating a patterned low dielectric constant film after a photoresist is removed form the film by depositing a thin layer comprising silicon, carbon, and optionally oxygen and / or nitrogen on the film. The thin layer provides a carbon-rich, hydrophobic surface for the patterned low dielectric constant film. The thin layer also protects the low dielectric constant film from subsequent wet cleaning processes and penetration by precursors for layers that are subsequently deposited on the low dielectric constant film.

A damping element (1) comprising (a) two spring elements (2, 4) which are coaxial with or parallel to a longitudinal axis (3) and two axially end-wise connectors (5, 6) which can be linked to the spring elements (2, 4), where (b) the first spring element (2) exhibits a spring rate F, (c) the second spring element (4) exhibits a spring rate f, and (d) the spring rates F and f are different. A system stabilizing adjacent vertebras includes: (a) N pedicle screws or pedicle hooks (12), with N≧3, and (b) at least one pedicle screw or one pedicle hook having a receiving device (13) which simultaneously allow receiving two parallel affixation devices (7), and where (c) an element (14) acting as a spring is used for affixation between the minimum of one pedicle screw or pedicle hook (12) including a receiving device (13) and a further adjacent pedicle screw or pedicle hook (12).

A communication system for performing transmission and reception of a signal over a communication channel assesses a state of the communication channel and produces channel state information accordingly. A block length selector selects block lengths that are dependent on the channel state information and that are selected from a group of block lengths having an integral multiple relationship to produce a schedule of block lengths. Encoding and decoding is performed based on the schedule of block lengths.

In one method of and apparatus for varying the luminosity of illumination, each of a plurality of light sources has an on state in which it emits light and an off state in which it does not emit light. Each of the plurality of light sources is switched cyclically between the on state and the off state in a sequence over a cycle period. The switching sequence is selected such that the number of said light sources that are on is uniform over the cycle. The luminosity of the illumination is varied by varying the proportion of each cycle for which each light source is switched on.

The present invention provides a radar altimeter system with a closed loop modulation for generating more accurate radar altimeter values. The system includes an antenna, a circulator, a receiver, and a transmitter. The circulator receives or sends a radar signal from / to the antenna. The receiver receives the received radar signal via the circulator. The transmitter generates a radar signal and includes a phase-locked loop circuit for generating the radar signal based on a pre-defined phase signal. The transmitter includes a direct digital synthesizer that generates the phase signal based on a pre-defined clock signal and a control signal. The system includes a digital signal processor and a tail strike warning processor that determine position of a tail of the aircraft relative to ground and present an alert if a warning condition exists based on the determined position of the tail of the aircraft and a predefined threshold.

An automatic gain control circuit including a variable gain amplifier (11) adapted to receive a received signal (R) and to output an amplified signal (A) to an analog to digital converter (20), and a gain controller (12) which is connected to said variable gain amplifier (11) for receiving said amplified signal (A) and for controlling a gain of said variable gain amplifier (11). The gain controller (12) is adapted to determine an occurrence of a threshold event each time the amplified signal (A) has reached a predetermined threshold, decrease the gain of the variable gain amplifier (11) at each occurrence of a threshold event, measure a delay since the last threshold event, increase the gain of the variable gain amplifier (11) if the delay is greater than a delay specified value and if the gain of the variable gain amplifier (11) is not maximum.

A microwave applicator for insertion into living body tissue for use in microwave coagulation and ablation treatments includes a microwave transmission line extending between an attachment end of the applicator and an antenna toward an insertion end of the applicator with an outer conductive sleeve forming an enclosed cooling fluid space around the transmission line. Circulation of cooling fluid is guided in the cooling fluid space by a guide sleeve. A temperature sensor senses the approximate temperature of cooling fluid to indicate cooling fluid is circulating. A multiplexing and power splitting circuit provides outputs tuned for one or for more than one applicator to be attached and detects the number of applicators and correct connection. A cadence sound generator can be used in conjunction with depth markings on the applicator to provide substantially constant withdrawal of the applicator from the treated tissue after treatment to provide track ablation.