542results about How to "Constant" patented technology

Disclosed herein is a method of operating a polymerization reactor for a polymerization reaction comprising modifying a recycle gas composition to increase the heat capacity of the recycle gas wherein the recycle gas composition is modified by reducing or eliminating the nitrogen concentration in the recycle gas. In an embodiment, the nitrogen concentration is reduced or eliminated by reducing or eliminating one or more nitrogen input sources to the polymerization reactor and replacing the nitrogen with an alternate inert fluid (a gas or liquid that is inert to the catalyst and reactants). The alternate inert fluid has a higher heat capacity and a higher molecular weight than nitrogen. In an embodiment, the nitrogen utilized to convey a catalyst into the polymerization reactor is replaced with an alternate inert fluid. In an embodiment, the alternate inert fluid is ethane, propane, isobutane, or combinations thereof.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a search engine system, method and apparatus comprising a search engine, a participant management system, at least one storage database, a listing database and at least one feedback mechanism. The search engine accepts input data and utilizes the input data to search for information related to the search terms. Upon retrieval of relevant information, the data analysis module organizes the data related to the search terms into a search results list. To determine the placement of listings upon a search request, the data analysis module determines the probability, for each relevant listing, that the user will ultimately complete the desired action if the listing is shown, wherein the probability of action is determined by a plurality of factors. This probability is then combined with the specific CPA for the advertiser. Transaction information derived from a search and click is returned through the feedback mechanism to the search engine for revised calculation of listing placement.

A method and apparatus providing network content distribution using a personal server approach is disclosed. A receiving client is provided with a personal server that can select, aggregate, and organize one or more channels of content in a virtual display space of the client. Selection, aggregation, and organization information is stored only locally. Raw data representing content is stored at a logically separate server across a network. Periodically the personal server requests updated content from the server and stores the content in a local channel database. The personal server synthesizes or generates one or more electronic documents containing the content, based on user-defined virtual space specifications and page organization information. The personal server then presents the electronic documents to a browser or other client element. Unlike past approaches that involve distributing fully formatted content to clients, the personal server can receive raw data, replace tokens in the raw data with other content, obtain embedded channel data, and render pages locally, using a conventional browser, without requiring use of a proprietary viewer, and without sending channel selections and other personal information across the network to an untrusted server.

The present invention provides a power supply circuit provided with a battery as a power source for supplying power to an RFID, and the battery of the power supply circuit is charged with a wireless signal. Then, a switching circuit is provided in the power supply circuit that supplies power to a signal control circuit which transmits and receives individual information to and from the outside to intermittently control supply of power to the signal control circuit by a signal from a low-frequency signal generation circuit.

The fixing device using an electromagnetic induction heating (IH) method includes a fixing sleeve having a heating layer, a pressure roller to form a nip while contacting the fixing roller and rotate to drive the fixing sleeve, a temperature detector to detect a temperature on a circumference of the fixing sleeve, and an excitation coil provided near the fixing sleeve and configured to perform induction heating of the heating layer of the fixing sleeve based on the detection result from the temperature detector. The fixing device is configured to change a rotation speed of the fixing sleeve in a standby time during which the fixing sleeve, while rotating, is controlled to be heated so as to maintain a target temperature when a periodic temperature difference occurs on a circumference of the fixing rotary member and having a fluctuation amplitude larger than a predetermined value compared to the target temperature.

A controller and a control strategy minimizes shift shock in a hybrid electric vehicle during a downshift conducted while the vehicle is in a regenerative braking mode by maintaining total powertrain torque at a desired target during the downshift. The controller has three preferable modes including modulating just engine torque, modulating just electric motor torque or simultaneously modulating both motor and engine torque.

The present invention provides a series of aspherical contact lenses, each lens having a first central optical zone on its anterior surface and a second central optical zone on its posterior surface. Both central optical zones are aspherical surfaces. The first central optical zone is designed to have a surface which provides a target optical power and an optical power profile selected from the group consisting of (1) a substantially constant optical power profile, (2) a power profile mimicking the optical power profile of a spherical lens with an identical targeted optical power, and (3) a power profile in which lens spherical aberration at 6 mm diameter is from about 0.65 diopter to about 1.8 diopters more negative than spherical aberration at 4 mm diameter.

An exercise machine includes a frame, an adjustable seat assembly, a means for slidably adjusting the seat assembly axially along the frame, a means for pivotally adjusting the seat assembly between a generally upright position and a recumbent position, an adjustable resistance assembly which includes rotatable pedals, and a display panel with means for providing omnidirectional positionability of the display panel. The exercise machine allows a user thereof to simultaneously perform crunching exercises and actively engage the adjustable resistance assembly in order to allow the user to reach the highest, optimized levels of cardiovascular fitness and calorie burning during a physical exercise interval.

An encoder uses multi-pass VBR control strategies to provide constant or relatively constant quality for VBR output while guaranteeing (within tolerance) either compressed file size or, equivalently, overall average bitrate. The control strategies include various techniques and tools, which can be used in combination or independently. For example, in a first pass, an audio encoder encodes a sequence of audio data partitioned into variable-size chunks. In a second pass, the encoder encodes the sequence according to control parameters to produce output of relatively constant quality. The encoder sets checkpoints in the second pass to adjust the control parameters and / or subsequent checkpoints. The encoder selectively considers a peak bitrate constraint to limit peak bitrate. The encoder stores auxiliary information from the first pass for use in the second pass, which increases the speed of the second pass. Finally, the encoder compares signatures for the input data to check consistency between passes.

A plasma processing system includes a source of plasma, a substrate and a shutter positioned in close proximity to the substrate. The substrate / shutter relative disposition is changed for precise control of substrate / plasma interaction. This way, the substrate interacts only with a fully established, stable plasma for short times required for nanoscale processing of materials. The shutter includes an opening of a predetermined width, and preferably is patterned to form an array of slits with dimensions that are smaller than the Debye screening length. This enables control of the substrate / plasma interaction time while avoiding the ion bombardment of the substrate in an undesirable fashion. The relative disposition between the shutter and the substrate can be made either by moving the shutter or by moving the substrate.

Polymeric blends and polymeric mixtures that incorporate a blend of a first polyethylene and a second polyethylene are described. The first and second polyethylenes have a predetermined relationship for the density and the melt index of the individual polyethylenes. Also described are fibers (including bicomponent fibers) and nonwoven materials made from the fibers where the fibers are extruded using the polymeric blends, and / or the polymeric mixtures.

This invention relates to a transmission power control method and transmission power control apparatus in a mobile communication system. The reception quality of a signal (31, 32a, 32b, 41, or 42) transmitted from another mobile station (51 or 52) or base station (21 or 22) is compared with a predetermined control target value such as a signal-to-interference ratio. The comparison result is used for transmission power control on a remote station. If a frame error is detected in a transmitted signal, the control target value is increased by SIRinc. If no frame error is detected, the control target value is decreased by SIRdec. As SIRdec, the product of a target value of a frame error rate and SIRinc is set. With this operation, when a propagation environment such as multibus or moving speed changes, the control target value for transmission power control is changed within a short period of time, and channel quality is maintained constant, thus realizing desired channel quality.

A retinal scanning image display apparatus includes a light source, a scanning unit that scans a light flux from the light source, a reflective surface that reflects the light flux from the scanning unit, and an ocular unit that guides the light flux from the reflective surface to an eye of an observer. Optical paths of the light flux scanned by the scanning unit intersect at an exit pupil position of the ocular unit, and the image display apparatus causes the scanning unit and the reflective surface to shift so that the optical paths of the scanned light flux toward the same image position are respectively moved in parallel to move the intersecting position of those optical paths. This realizes a small retinal scanning image display apparatus capable of keeping the image position substantially constant even when an observer moves their pupil.

A display device is disclosed. The display device includes: a pixel array unit and a driving unit which drives the pixel array unit. The pixel array unit includes rows of scanning line, columns of signal lines, pixels in a matrix state arranged at portions where scanning lines and signal lines cross each other and power supply lines arranged corresponding to respective rows of pixels. The driving unit includes a main scanner performing line-sequential scanning to pixels by each row by supplying a control signal to each scanning line sequentially, a power supply scanner supplying a power supply voltage which is switched to a first potential and a second potential to each power supply line so as to correspond to the line-sequential scanning, and a signal selector supplying a signal potential and a reference potential to be video signal to columns of signal lines so as to correspond to the line-sequential scanning.

A music editing apparatus is provided that uses so-called time line meta data that describe a beat and melody structure of a song to automatically accomplishes an automatic DJ remix play with a low load. The apparatus also includes a synchronous reproduction controlling section which sends a master beat to the remix processing section and reproduces a plurality of songs corresponding to a remix process which the remix processing section designates corresponding to a remix pattern and the meta data and a mixing section which mixes the songs reproduced by the synchronous reproduction controlling section. The synchronous reproduction controlling section also includes a phase comparator which compares a phase of a beat synchronous signal generated from the meta data supplied from the remix processing section with that of the master beat signal; an integrating circuit which integrates a phase compared output of the phase comparator; and a correcting section which corrects a tempo based on an integrated output of the integrating circuit.

A power supply regulation circuit is provided which can achieve a preferable constant current drooping characteristic without the need for a constant current control circuit on the secondary side. During a constant current operation, a switching element (1) is turned on so as to keep constant the on duty of secondary current passing through a secondary winding (110B) of a transformer (110), so that a constant current drooping characteristic is achieved. Further, at this moment, a current limit dictating the maximum value of drain current (ID) passing through the switching element (1) is changed between first and second levels during the on time of the switching element such that the drain current (ID) has a constant peak value.

An elevator machine (12) has a plurality of identical transverse flux rotor / stator modules (28-30) of a generally cylindrical configuration arranged contiguously on a common shaft (21) to provide torque to the shaft equal to the torque capability of the modules times the number of modules. A disc brake (49) is integrated with the motor; a two-sided brake disc (49) has friction pads (92, 93) on both sides, braking force being applied to motor end plate (14) and through the brake disc to a stator (60) of one phase (30) of the motor. A process (113) forms variously-sized motors from identically sized modular components, in various configurations (12, 100, 110).

A process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbon oil from the thermal decomposition of waste plastics in a continuous process which comprises melting of a waste plastic feedstock into an auger assisted melt reactor to remove chlorine and organics contained in the waste plastic, and transferring the melted waste plastic into an heated screw pyrolysis reactor which includes a transitional metal heat transfer medium. The hydrocarbon gas from the pyrolysis reactor is fed into a vessel containing metal trays for a second decomposition which is connected with an alkali treatment 2-step process gas reactor to remove acidic gases, and any inorganic solids. The hydrocarbon gases are separated by three separate condensers. The hydrocarbon fraction of the first condenser is recycled back into the pyrolysis reaction for further thermal treatment, and the hydrocarbon fractions are collected in the remaining condensers.

A driving method of a light emitting device, in which when an N-type driving TFT is connected to an anode of a light emitting element or a P-type driving TFT is connected to a cathode thereof, the driving TFT operates in a saturation region and an image can be displayed with a desired gray scale level depending on a video signal. In addition, a light emitting device adopting the driving method is provided. According to the invention, when a potential having image data is supplied to a gate of a driving TFT depending on a video signal, a reverse bias voltage is applied to the driving TFT and a light emitting element which are connected in series with each other. Meanwhile, when a pixel displays an image depending on the video signal, a forward bias voltage is applied to the driving TFT and the light emitting element.

A suction device that is used with a power drilling tool for aspirating material removable during operation of the drilling tool, and which includes a suction head (20) displaceable relative to the drilling tool (2) in a direction opposite a drilling direction (B) of the drilling tool (2), and an aeration device (22) fixedly connected by a suction conduit with the suction head (20) for joint displacement therewith.

A solar collector arrangement includes a number of assemblies (1), which are immersed or partially immersed in a pond of water (2). Each assembly (1) includes a parabolic reflector (3) and an absorber (6). Barriers (10) are located on or near the surface of the water (2) and operate to reduce waves which may otherwise disturb the direct passage of sunlight in windy conditions. The complete immersion of the assembly (1) in the liquid serves to simultaneously protect and cool the apparatus, while allowing ease of sun10 tracking movements by buoyancy induced rotation. Partially immersed versions have higher efficiency and protect against severe weather by inverting into the water.

A tissue sheet having a deep discontinuous pocket structure provides improved durability as measured by the ratio of the cross-machine direction tensile energy absorbed to the cross-machine direction tensile strength.

In the recovery of canola protein isolates from canola oil seeds steps are taken to inhibit the formation of colouring components and to reduce the presence of materials tending to form colouring components, to obtain a lighter and less yellow canola protein isolate.

Methods and apparatus for depositing a high density biological or chemical array onto a solid support. Specifically, the apparatus is made up of a plurality of open ended channels collectively forming a matrix. The matrix has been redrawn and cut such that the pitch of the channels on the loading end is larger than the pitch of the channels on the liquid delivery end. The upper portion of each channel serves as a reservoir, while the opposing end, which has been formed by the redrawing process, is diametrically sized such that liquid in the reservoir is retained by capillary pressure at the delivery end. At any point along the height of the capillary reservoir device, all cross-sectional dimensions and areas are uniformly reduced. In other words, the on-center orientation of any two channels, also referred to as the pitch between 2 channels, measured as a function of the diameter of any cross section, is constant throughout the structure. The liquid within the channels is either printed directly from the tool onto a substrate or transferred to a substrate by a typographical pin plate. In another embodiment, the device may be used in transferring sample between multiwell plates of different well density.

An object of the invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device emitting a light at an emission chromaticity properly adjusted while the luminescence brightness is kept constant. The organic electroluminescent device according to the invention, has an organic electroluminescence element having electrodes and an organic electroluminescent layer emitting white light at a chromaticity corresponding to the drive current density formed between the electrodes, and a drive unit driving the organic electroluminescence element while supplying current and controlling the drive current and the current-applying period per unit time in response to chromaticity adjustment input. And, the drive unit controls the drive current to be a first current and the current-applying period to be a first period respectively in response to a first chromaticity adjustment input, and controls the drive current to be a second current larger than the first current and the current-applying period to be a second period shorter than the first period respectively in response to a second chromaticity adjustment input, and adjusts the emission chromaticity of the light emitted while the luminescence brightness of the organic electroluminescence element is kept almost constant. In this way, in response to the chromaticity adjustment input for adjusting emission chromaticity, it is possible to adjust the emission chromaticity corresponding to the chromaticity adjustment input by controlling the drive current to the organic light-emitting element while keeping the luminescence brightness almost constant by adjusting the current-applying period per unit time according to the control of the drive current, thereby the light emission is adjusted to a desired emission chromaticity without change in luminescence brightness.

A method and apparatus for finishing a workpiece surface using MR fluid is provided wherein the workpiece is positioned near a carrier surface such that a converging gap is defined between a portion of the workpiece surface and the carrier surface; a magnetic field is applied substantially at said gap; a flow of stiffened MR fluid is introduced into said converging gap such that a work zone is created in the MR fluid to form a sub-aperture transient finishing tool for engaging and causing material removal at the portion of the workpiece surface; and the workpiece or the work zone is moved relative to the other to expose different portions of the workpiece surface to the work zone for predetermined time periods to selectively finish said portions of said workpiece surface to predetermined degrees.

A coil component 1 is provided with coil conductors 10a and 10b and a magnetic metal powder containing resin 22 (22a and 22b) covering the coil conductors 10a and 10b. The magnetic metal powder containing resin 22 includes first metal powder having a first average grain diameter, second metal powder having a second average grain diameter that is smaller than the first average grain diameter, and third metal powder having a third average grain diameter that is smaller than the second average grain diameter. The first average grain diameter is 15 μm or more and 100 μm or less. The third average grain diameter is 2 μm or less. The first metal powder mainly contains Permalloy and the second and third metal powders mainly contain carbonyl iron.