119results about How to "Increase polymerization rate" patented technology

The invention relates to an aqueous emulsion polymerization of fluorinated monomers using perfluoropolyethers of the following formula (I) or (II). In particular, the perfluoropolyether surfactants correspond to formula (I) or (II)

CF₃—(OCF₂)_m—O—CF₂—X  (I)

wherein m has a value of 1 to 6 and X represents a carboxylic acid group or salt thereof,

CF₃—O—(CF₂)₃—(OCF(CF₃)—CF₂)_z—O-L-Y  (II)

wherein z has a value of 0, 1, 2 or 3, L represents a divalent linking group selected from —CF(CF₃)—, —CF₂— and —CF₂CF₂— and Y represents a carboxylic acid group or salt thereof. The invention further relates to an aqueous dispersion of a fluoropolymer having the aforementioned perfluoropolyether surfactant(s).

Collagen compositions, methods for preparing those collagen compositions, and graft compositions formed from those collagen compositions are provided. In particular, methods of isolating collagen that exhibits an enhanced rate of polymerization and enhanced microstructural and mechanical properties upon polymerization, such collagen compositions, and graft compositions formed from such collagen compositions are provided.

This invention relates to a process to produce propylene polymers comprising contacting a metallocene catalyst compound and an activator in a reaction medium comprising propylene, from 0 to 30 volume % of one or more solvents and from 0 to 30 mole % of one or more comonomers, under temperature and pressure conditions below the melting point of the propylene polymer and where: a) the temperature is at or above the critical temperature for the reaction medium, and the pressure is at least 500 kPa above the critical pressure of the reaction medium; or b) the temperature is 1° C. or more above the critical temperature for the reaction medium, and the pressure is at or above the critical pressure of the reaction medium; or c) the temperature is 1° C. or more above the critical temperature for the reaction medium, and the pressure is at least 500 kPa above the critical pressure of the reaction medium.

A process for the preparation of polymer comprising heating a mixture comprised of a free radical initiator, a stable free radical agent, a base selected from the group consisting of inorganic bases and organic bases, and at least one polymerizable monomer compound and optionally cooling, followed by optionally isolating the polymer product.

A water-solible polymer dispersion, p process for producing the same and a method of use therefor. In particular, the water-soluble polymer dispersion is one comprising water-soluble polymer fine particles of 100 μm or less diameter having at least one ionic property selected from among cationic, amphoteric, nonionic and anionic properties together with a polyalkyleneimine and/or a product of polyalkyleneimine modification wherein according to necessity an appropriate amount of water-soluble inorganic salt is incorporated. The provided process enables easily performing the production in dispersed form by means of production facilities of low cost. The obtained water-soluble polymer dispersion is excellent in storage stability and exhibits satisfactory fluidity and solubility so as to enable use in papermaking raw material pretreatments added to papermaking raw materials prior to machine operation and also for enhancement of freeness, increase of sizing degree and enhancement yield. Further use can be found in incorporation in an organic sludge or paper mill sludge for flocculation and ensuing drainage.

Disclosed herein is a method of operating a polymerization reactor for a polymerization reaction comprising modifying a recycle gas composition to increase the heat capacity of the recycle gas wherein the recycle gas composition is modified by reducing or eliminating the nitrogen concentration in the recycle gas. In an embodiment, the nitrogen concentration is reduced or eliminated by reducing or eliminating one or more nitrogen input sources to the polymerization reactor and replacing the nitrogen with an alternate inert fluid (a gas or liquid that is inert to the catalyst and reactants). The alternate inert fluid has a higher heat capacity and a higher molecular weight than nitrogen. In an embodiment, the nitrogen utilized to convey a catalyst into the polymerization reactor is replaced with an alternate inert fluid. In an embodiment, the alternate inert fluid is ethane, propane, isobutane, or combinations thereof.

The present invention provides novel (meth)acrylic and (meth)acrylamide monomers and polymers produced from those monomers. The monomers of the invention each include only a single vinyl functionality and at least one non-vinyl functionality that can be varied to achieve desired monomer/polymer properties. The invention additionally provides methods of producing polymers from these mono-vinyl monomers.

A lithographic printing plate precursor comprising: a support; and an image recording layer containing (A) an infrared absorbing agent, (B) a polymerization initiator, (C) a polymerizable compound and (D) a compound having a carboxylate group and being removable with at least one of a printing ink and a fountain solution.

A liquid crystal display (“LCD”) panel includes a first substrate including a pixel electrode defining pixel areas, a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrode and a first reactive mesogen layer disposed on the first alignment layer, a second substrate including a common electrode layer disposed on an entire portion of the second substrate facing the first substrate, a second alignment layer disposed on the common electrode layer and a second reactive mesogen layer disposed on the second alignment layer, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates and including a first liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, a second liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 and a third liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 3:

A pressure-sensitive adhesive type optical film which comprises an optical film and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer superposed on at least one side thereof through an anchor layer formed from a resin emulsion. It is easy to handle because the pressure-sensitive adhesive does not peel off even when an edge of the film comes into contract during handling in use.

The present invention provides a barrier laminate with enhanced heat resistance performance, comprising at least one organic layer and at least one inorganic barrier layer, the organic layer being formed by curing a polymerizable composition comprising a polymerizable compound having two or more polymerizable groups, and the total quantity of uncured component in the organic layer being 1.5 weight % or less of the total weight of the organic layer, and a novel polymerizable compound that can preferably used as the polymerizable compound, which is denoted by general formula (11):

in general formula (11), R²¹ denotes hydrogen atom or methyl group; R²² denotes methyl group or cyclohexyl group; n denotes an integer of 0 to 2; and each instance of X denotes a group comprising a polymerizable group.

A thermoplastic polymer containing glutaric anhydride units of the following general formula (1) and having an absorbance at a wavelength of 280 nm of at most 0.5 (the absorbance is a value of the polymer film having a thickness of 100 μm, measured with a UV-visible spectrophotometer) and a glass transition temperature of not lower than 130° C. has high-level colorless transparency and good heat resistance, moldability and dwell stability.

wherein R¹ and R² are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

The invention relates to a composition containing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and a preparation method thereof. The composition comprises 90-95wt% of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and 5-10wt% of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol micro-molecular oligopolymer, and the molecular structure of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer contains 1-2%mol of a 1,2-glycol structure. The preparation method of the composition comprises the following steps: polymerizing 50-80 parts of a vinyl acetate monomer, 20-50 parts of an alcoholic solvent and 0.0001-0.001 parts of an initiator at 80-140DEG C under 30-70kg/cm<2>, and carrying out a saponification reaction to obtain the composition. The molecular structure of the composition contains 1-2%mol of the 1,2-glycol structure having a viscosity reducing effect, and also contains 5-10mol% of the micro-molecular oligopolymer having a plasticising effect, so it is in favor of the melting processing property of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and the problems of the bad repeated utilization of the routine ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, the easy migration of inorganic salt additives to the surface of the polymer, and environment pollution are overcome. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, safety, environmental protection, high product quality, and suitableness for industrial production.

The invention relates to a preparation of nano composite gel with organic/inorganic hybrid microspheres as cross linking points. The preparation comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving clay in 0-0.5mol/L aqueous electrolyte solution, ultrasonically treating after fully stirring, dropwise adding to the clay solution during the ultrasound process, heating to 70-80 DEG C after further ultrasonic treatment for a period, polymerizing in nitrogen atmosphere for 6-8 hours to obtain crosslinking point hybrid microsphere emulsion; and (2) mixing 20g of the crosslinking point hybrid microsphere emulsion with 5-10g of a water soluble monomer, 0.01-0.05g of a water soluble initiator and 8-24mul of a catalyst to obtain prepolymerized solution, polymerizing the prepolymerized solution at the room temperature of 20-30 DEG C for 30-50 hours to obtain the nano composite gel. The preparation has the advantages of simple process and high polymerization rate, the obtained macromolecular microsphere composite gel has excellent mechanical properties, and the method has large raw material range and great application value.

Emulsifier free fluoropolymer manufacturing method in which (a) a mixture of an oxidizing agent and reducing agent is used to start the polymerization and where one or the other but not both, are further added during polymerization, or (b) an oxidizing metal ion is added to start polymerization and where additional oxidizing metal ion is added during polymerization.

A process for the preparation of an acrylic acid ester polymer, includes carrying out polymerization of an acrylic acid ester or block copolymerization of an acrylic acid ester and another (meth)acrylic monomer in the presence of an organolithium compound and an organoaluminum compound represented by the following formula (I):

AlR¹R²R³  (I)

wherein R¹ represents an alkyl group having at least 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having at least 3 carbon atoms or an aryloxy group, R² and R³ each independently represent an aryloxy group or may be coupled together to form an arylenedioxy group. The process makes it possible to heighten the reaction rate and living properties upon polymerization and heighten the block formation efficiency upon block copolymerization.

A compound of Formula (1)

R_f—O—(CXX′)_m—(CY₂)_nSO₃M   (1)

wherein

• • R_f is a C₁ to C₄ linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group,
  • X and X′ are each independently H or F, provided that at least one of X or X′ is F,
  • each Y is independently H or F,
  • m is an integer from 1 to 4,
  • n is an integer from 1 to 2, and
  • M is H, NH₄, Li, Na or K,

provided that when CXX′ is CHF or CFH, then n is 2.

The present invention provides a photocurable composition prepared using mercapto benzophenone compounds as key raw materials. The present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the prior photo-curing technology that low-molecular photoinitiators are easy to remain and migrate, while macromolecular photoinitiators has low initiation efficiency due to a low content of effective components and also has the problem of certain migration. The photocurable composition in the present invention can be easily prepared and has high addition efficiency with ethylenically unsaturated compounds, and the photocurable composition obtained by addition has no residual mercapto and has features of high initiation activity and zero migration rates when it is used in photocurable coatings, binder and ink formula.