64 results about "Debye" patented technology

A Single Electron MOS Memory (SEMM), in which one bit of information is represented by storing only one electron, has been demonstrated at room temperature. The SEMM is a floating gate Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) transistor in silicon with a channel width (about 10 nanometers) which is smaller than the Debye screening length of a single electron stored on the floating gate, and a nanoscale polysilicon dot (about 7 nanometers by 7 nanometers by 2 nanometers) as the floating gate which is positioned between the channel and the control gate. An electron stored on the floating gate can screen the entire channel from the potential on the control gate, and lead to: (i) a discrete shift in the threshold voltage; (ii) a staircase relation between the charging voltage and the shift; and (iii) a self-limiting charging process. The structure and fabrication of the SEMM is well adapted to the manufacture of ultra large-scale integrated circuits.

A plasma processing system includes a source of plasma, a substrate and a shutter positioned in close proximity to the substrate. The substrate/shutter relative disposition is changed for precise control of substrate/plasma interaction. This way, the substrate interacts only with a fully established, stable plasma for short times required for nanoscale processing of materials. The shutter includes an opening of a predetermined width, and preferably is patterned to form an array of slits with dimensions that are smaller than the Debye screening length. This enables control of the substrate/plasma interaction time while avoiding the ion bombardment of the substrate in an undesirable fashion. The relative disposition between the shutter and the substrate can be made either by moving the shutter or by moving the substrate.

This invention provides a solid titanium catalyst component which comprises magnesium, titanium, halogen and an electron donor, is free from elimination of titanium when washed with hexane at room temperature, and has a titanium content decrease ratio of less than 15 % by weight when washed with o-dichlorobenzene at 90° C. The catalyst component can be prepared by a process wherein solid titanium (i) which is free from elimination of titanium when washed with hexane at room temperature is contacted with a polar compound having a dipole moment of 0.50 to 4.00 Debye to decrease the titanium content by at least 25 % by weight, whereby a solid titanium catalyst component having a weight ratio of an electron donor to titanium of at least 6 is prepared. Olefin polymerization catalyst containing the solid titanium catalyst component can be used for (co)polymerization of olefins with high activity to obtain a polyolefin of high stereoregularity in decreased quantities of a low stereoregular polyolefin.

According to one aspect, the disclosure is directed to an example embodiment in which a circuit-based arrangement includes a circuit-based substrate securing a channel, with an effective width that is not limited by the Debye screening length, along a surface of the substrate. A pair of reservoirs are included in or on the substrate and configured for containing and presenting a sample having bio-molecules for delivery in the channel. A pair of electrodes electrically couple a charge in the sample to enhance ionic current flow therein (e.g., to overcome the electrolyte screening), and a sense electrode is located along the channel for sensing a characteristic of the biological sample by using the electrostatic interaction between the enhanced ionic current flow of the sample and the sense electrode. Actual detection occurs by using a charge-signal processing circuit to process the sensed charge signal and, therefrom, provide an output indicative of a signature for the bio-molecules delivered in the channel.

The present invention discloses a method to improve the image resolution of a microscope. This improvement is based on the mathematical processing of the complex field computed from the measurements with a microscope of the wave emitted or scattered by the specimen. This wave is, in a preferred embodiment, electromagnetic or optical for an optical microscope, but can be also of different kind like acoustical or matter waves. The disclosed invention makes use of the quantitative phase microscopy techniques known in the sate of the art or to be invented. In a preferred embodiment, the complex field provided by Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), but any kind of microscopy derived from quantitative phase microscopy: modified DIC, Shack-Hartmann wavefront analyzer or any analyzer derived from a similar principle, such as multi-level lateral shearing interferometers or common-path interferometers, or devices that convert stacks of intensity images (transport if intensity techniques: TIT) into quantitative phase image can be used, provided that they deliver a comprehensive measure of the complex scattered wavefield. The hereby-disclosed method delivers superresolution microscopic images of the specimen, i.e. images with a resolution beyond the Rayleigh limit of the microscope. It is shown that the limit of resolution with coherent illumination can be improved by a factor of 6 at least. It is taught that the gain in resolution arises from the mathematical digital processing of the phase as well as of the amplitude of the complex field scattered by the observed specimen. In a first embodiment, the invention teaches how the experimental observation of systematically occurring phase singularities in phase imaging of sub-Rayleigh distanced objects can be exploited to relate the locus of the phase singularities to the sub-Rayleigh distance of point sources, not resolved in usual diffraction limited microscopy. In a second, preferred embodiment, the disclosed method teaches how the image resolution is improved by complex deconvolution. Accessing the object's scattered complex field—containing the information coded in the phase—and deconvolving it with the reconstructed complex transfer function (CTF) is at the basis of the disclosed method. In a third, preferred embodiment, it is taught how the concept of “Synthetic Coherent Transfer Function” (SCTF), based on Debye scalar or Vector model includes experimental parameters of MO and how the experimental Amplitude Point Spread Functions (APSF) are used for the SCTF determination. It is also taught how to derive APSF from the measurement of the complex field scattered by a nanohole in a metallic film. In a fourth embodiment, the invention teaches how the limit of resolution can be extended to a limit of λ/6 or smaller based angular scanning. In a fifth embodiment, the invention teaches how the presented method can generalized to a tomographic approach that ultimately results in super-resolved 3D refractive index reconstruction.

Vehicular emissions are reduced/purified via combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel therefor, e.g., diesel fuel, in the presence of a cerium compound, preferably a cerium (IV) compound, to produce soots having depressed ignition temperatures that contain effective purifying amounts of aggregates of ceric oxide crystallites, the largest particle size dimension of which ranging from 50 ANGSTROM (5 nanometers) to 10,000 ANGSTROM (1,000 nanometers) and the crystallite sizes of which, measured by Debye-Scherrer technique, ranging from 50 ANGSTROM (5 nanometers) to 250 ANGSTROM (25 nanometers).

A microporous composite membrane obtained by coating at least one surface of a microporous polyolefin membrane with a solution of a gelable fluororesin in a mixed solvent of a good solvent for the fluororesin, and a poor solvent having a dipole moment of 1.8 Debye or less and drying to form a porous coating layer of the above fluororesin has cylindrical penetrating pores formed in the above coating layer, with well-balanced permeability, adhesion to electrodes, mechanical strength, heat shrinkage resistance, shutdown properties and meltdown properties.

A method of determining the relative component proportions of at least one each of: a buffer; an acid or a base; a solvent; and optionally a salt, for providing a liquid mixture of pre-defined pH and ionic strength, wherein the relative component proportions are determined using the equation of Debye-Hückel, wherein the ion size parameter a in the Debye-Hückel equation is determined as the weighted mean ion size of all species contributing to the ionic strength of the liquid mixture, and wherein the ionic strength of each species is used as weighting parameter. The present method is also applicable in a method of providing a liquid mixture. Further there is provided a buffer preparation device.

The invention relates to sample enrichment chip, manufacturing method and enrichment method based on micro nanostructure. Its feature is that the enrichment chip is used quartz glass as backing material, formed by enrichment nanometer channel and micro sample transmitting pipeline. It applies MEMS technique to process the channel and pipeline one the quartz glass, strictly control channel depth to make it satisfy ion falling demand, utilizes low temperature bonding method to process for the substrate and covering piece, fills sample into chip pipeline, adds direct voltage in the sample pool to form electric field in nanometer channel. Because of Debye layers in the channel are superposed, while ion falling zoon is formed beside the channel. The sample moved under the action of the electric field is enriched beside the channel to form sample enrichment zoon. The chip has small volume, will not destroy enrichment component while enriching.

The catalyst becomes at least partially deactivated by sorbing catalyst poisons present in the feed during a process for alkylating aromatics by contacting a feed containing benzene, toluene, xylenes, alkylbenzenes, naphthalene or substituted naphthalenes under liquid phase alkylating conditions with C₂-C₁₆ olefins in the presence of MCM-22, MCM-36, MCM-49, MCM-56, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-48, ZSM-50, ZSM-4, ZSM-18, ZSM-20, Zeolite X, Zeolite Y, USY, mordenite or offretite to provide an alkylated aromatic product. The at least partially deactivated catalyst can be treated in situ by contacting with at least one polar compound having a dipole moment of at least 0.05 Debyes and selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, formic acid, water, and carbon monoxide, under conditions of temperature and pressure employed in the liquid phase alkylating conditions which are sufficient to at least partially desorb the catalyst poison from the catalyst.

The invention provides an implementation algorithm for truncating a one dimensional Debye medium Crank-Nicolson perfectly matched layer, belongs to the technical field of numerical simulation, and aims to truncate a Debye dispersive medium by using the perfectly matched layer and simulate a limited memory space of a computer into an infinite space to simulate the propagation characteristic of electromagnetic wave in the Debye dispersive medium. The algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps: a plurality of stretch coordinate variables are converted from a frequency domain to a z domain by using a bilinear transformation method, then a maxwell equation is dispersed in the time domain by using a Crank-Nicolson finite difference time domain method, an explicit iterative equation of an electric field is induced, and finally a value of an electromagnetic field component is solved. The algorithm has the advantages of unconditional stability and capabilities of improving the electromagnetic field calculation speed and saving memory.

The present invention provides method for recovering fossil-based materials from oil sources using multifunctional, multipolymer surfactants. The invention also provides methods for reducing the loss of volatile organic compoiunds (VOCs) from oil storage containers using multifunctional, multipolymer surfactants. The multifunctional, multipolymer surfactants are characterized by a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part. The hydrophobic part of the polymer surfactants includes functionalities that impart a polarity of greater than 0 Debye to the hydrophobic part. The polymer surfactants are further characterized by molecular weights that are above their entanglement weights. The result is polymer surfactants with demulsifying characteristics.

A resin composition for forming a phase-separated structure, including: a block copolymer, and an ion liquid containing a compound (IL) having a cation moiety and an anion moiety, the cation moiety of the compound (IL) having a dipole moment of 3 debye or more.

Calcium hydroxide particles with very high reactivity exhibiting an X-ray diffraction line at d=0.49 nm obtained by the Debye-Scherrer powder method with an intensity below 50% of the intensity of a traditional hydrated lime with a specific surface area of 15.8 m²/g.

The invention relates to a frequency domain spectrum identification method considering the parameters of an oil-paper insulation interface polarization equivalent circuit. Oil-paper interface polarization is considered based on an extended Debye equivalent model, and an interface polarization branch is introduced. A multivariate equation set for calculating the parameters of circuit components isconstructed according to a circuit model and frequency domain dielectric spectrum test parameters; and the parameter values of all components in the equivalent circuit can be identified by establishing an objective function for solving the equation set and using an artificial intelligence algorithm. The frequency domain spectrum identification method considering the parameters of an oil-paper insulation interface polarization equivalent circuit presented by the invention has the advantages of simple operation process and accurate and reliable parameter calculation result.

The present invention relates to a radiation curable coating composition comprising (A) a compound according to P-(D-(meth)acrylate)_n having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of at least 500 kg/kmol, wherein n=240, P=oligomeric or polymeric backbone, and D comprises an urethane group and an heterocyclic group, said heterocyclic group having a Boltzmann average dipole moment of at least 2.5 Debye, and (B) a reactive diluent. The heteorocylic group is preferably an oxazolidone group. The invention further relates to a method for making a resin composition comprising a compound comprising an oxazolidone group and an (meth)acrylate group, said method comprising a reaction step introducing the (meth)acrylate group into the compound, wherein said reaction step is carried out in the presence of an antioxidant.

An X-ray diffraction measuring apparatus equipped with Debye-Scherrer optical system therein, comprises a means for generating a characteristic X-ray to be irradiated upon a sample to be measured; an X-ray detector means being disposed to surround that sample around; and a focusing means, being disposed between the sample and the X-ray detector means, for collecting an X-ray scattering from the sample covering over a predetermined angle, in a peripheral direction, around the sample, and thereby irradiating it upon the X-ray detector means.

Disclosed is a catalyst for olefin polymerization, comprising: Component [A]: a prepolymer obtained by olefin prepolymerization on solid titanium catalyst component having an average particle size of 25 to 70 μm produced by contacting of a solid component (i) having an average particle size of 26 to 75 μm, containing magnesium, titanium, halogen, and an electron donor (c₃), and being free from detachment of titanium by washing with hexane at 25° C., a polar compound (ii) having a dipole moment of 0.50 to 4.00 Debye, and at least one compound (iii) selected from liquid titanium (d) and an electron donor (e), in which the content of titanium in the solid component (i) is reduced by ≧25% by weight, and the weight ratio of the sum of the electron donor (c₃) and the electron donor (e) to titanium [electron donor (c₃+e)/titanium atoms] is ≧7;

• • Component [B]: an organometallic compound; and
  • Component [C]: an organosilicon compound represented by the following formula (I):

Si(OR¹)₃(NR²R³)   (I)

• • (wherein R¹ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R² is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or hydrogen atom, R³ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms).

According to the catalyst, an olefin polymer having high stereoregularity and low molecular weight (high fluidity) can be efficiently provided.