The embodiment of the invention discloses a Bluetooth-based data transmission method and device, and relates to the technical field of data processing. According to the Bluetooth-based data transmission method and device, the transmission continuity of audio data can be guaranteed, therefore, the condition that an audio play equipment end generates the play blocking and unsmoothness phenomena is avoided, and the listening experience of a user is improved. According to the main technical scheme, the method comprises the steps that to-be-transmitted audio data is acquired; the audio data is compressed according to a preset coding and decoding algorithm to obtain a to-be-transmitted data packet, wherein the preset coding and decoding algorithm is the algorithm which is used for compressing and determined according to a preset mapping relation between the sizes of to-be-transmitted files and the Bluetooth communication bandwidths; and by means of a Bluetooth technology, the to-be-transmitted data packet is sent to a receiving terminal, so that the receiving terminal decompresses the received audio data according to the preset coding and decoding algorithm and then plays the audio data.The Bluetooth-based data transmission method and device are mainly used for transmitting data between different terminals by means of the Bluetooth technology.