The invention provides a dynamic code rate allocation method based on video data importance in a wideband clustered system. The dynamic code rate allocation method comprises the steps as follows: a channel feedback module detects the channel condition and estimates a channel transmission code rate and a video coding rate; a transmission module divides to-be-transmitted video data output through source coding into a key frame and a non-key frame, preferentially ensures transmission of key frame data via the estimated channel transmission code rate, and stops transmission of non-key frame data when the channel transmission capability is insufficient. The dynamic code rate allocation method provided by the invention has the superior effects that when the channel transmission condition is worse, the coding rate is controlled by a fixed code rate to perform code rate allocation for an area of interest preferentially, and different quantification parameters are adopted for the area of interest and a common area, so that preferential coding of an important video frame is ensured; meanwhile, the transmission module divides the video frame into a key frame and a non-key frame, and performs preferential transmission on the important video key frame preferentially, so that transmission of important video data is ensured.