Provided is a surface Raman and infrared spectroscopy double-enhanced detecting method based on graphene and nanogold compounding.According to the method, light sources, a lens, a graphene nanobelt and gold nanoparticle composite substrate, an infrared Fourier spectrograph and a Raman spectrometer are included.Infrared light waves and visible light waves emitted by the infrared light source and the laser light source respectively pass through a beam combiner and then irradiate the graphene nanobelt and gold nanoparticle composite substrate, after the light waves and trace molecules adsorbed on the substrate interact, reflected light is gathered by the focusing lens to enter the infrared Fourier spectrograph, and meanwhile scattered light is gathered into the Raman spectrometer.Raman scattering signals of the trace molecules can be enhanced through the local area plasma effect of the gold nanoparticles, and meanwhile infrared absorption spectrum signals of the trace molecules can be dynamically enhanced through the graphene surface plasma effect within the broadband range.According to the method, double enhancement of surface Raman and broadband infrared spectroscopy signals is achieved on the same substrate, and the advantages of being wide in enhancement wave band, high in detecting sensitivity, wide in detected matter variety range, good in stability and the like are achieved.