163 results about "Wet oxidation" patented technology

The utility model specifically discloses an odor wet oxidation treatment device, which comprises: a gas conveying unit, which is used for collecting and conveying odor gas; the wet-type catalytic ozonation unit is communicated with the gas conveying unit and is used for carrying out primary treatment on the malodorous gas so as to remove part of malodorous substances in the malodorous gas; the chemical oxidation unit is communicated with the wet-type catalytic ozonation unit and is used for further treating the malodorous gas subjected to primary treatment so as to remove residual malodorous substances in the malodorous gas; and the gas discharge unit is communicated with the chemical oxidation unit and is used for collecting the purified malodorous gas and discharging the malodorous gas outwards. According to the device, the wet ozone catalysis unit and the chemical oxidation unit are coupled, so that water-soluble and water-insoluble components in the malodorous substances can be effectively treated, and the device is small in occupied area and does not generate hazardous wastes. Therefore, the device has the characteristics of low cost and small pollution, and can better adapt to subsequent treatment of malodorous gas in industrial enterprises.

The present invention relates to the technical field of municipal sludge and industrial sludge treatment methods. Disclosed is a hydrothermal carbonization-based method for comprehensively treating iron-containing sludge and straw, comprising the following steps: 1) crushing and sieving straw, primarily dehydrating iron-containing sludge, and adding a catalyst for catalytic wet oxidation treatment; 2) adding wet-oxidized iron-containing sludge and a crushed and sieved fiber to a raw material storage tank and adding a dehydrating agent for dehydration treatment; 3) preheating a raw material conveying tank and then feeding the material into a reactor for a hydrothermal carbonization reaction; 4) collecting the resulting biochar slurry to a collecting tank for cooling; and 5) adding an appropriate amount of pulverized coal to the material and then carrying out plate press dehydration, or directly carrying out plate press dehydration, the material being used as a solid fuel. The present invention integrates two techniques, i.e., anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal carbonization, for sludge treatment, and the process is optimized from material and energy balance perspectives, so that the solid fuel and biochar substances are generated while sludge reduction is realized; moreover, the operation cost of the process is reduced, and the generated hydrothermal carbon can be either returned to the field for use or be used as an additive to promote anaerobic digestion, and also exhibits magnetism and can be recycled.

The invention discloses a resourceful treatment system and a resourceful treatment method for high-salt organic wastewater. The treatment method comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out membrane catalytic ozonation reaction, nanofiltration membrane filtration, catalytic wet oxidation reaction and chelate resin adsorption treatment on the high-salt organic wastewater. According to the method, macromolecular organic matters in the wastewater are reduced through membrane catalytic ozonation, then residual organic matters are concentrated and separated through a nanofiltration membrane device, and the organic matters in the wastewater are further thoroughly decomposed into carbon dioxide and water through catalytic wet oxidation. Compared with a single oxidation process, the treatment efficiency and the treatment effect of the wastewater are improved through coupling and cooperation of membrane catalytic ozone oxidation and catalytic wet oxidation. The catalytic wet oxidation device is adopted to further treat concentrated water concentrated and separated after membrane catalytic ozonation, so that the treatment load of catalytic wet oxidation equipment is reduced, and meanwhile, the volume of a catalytic wet oxidation reactor can be reduced, so that the equipment investment cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a treatment method of salt-containing organic wastewater, and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The method comprises the following steps: S1, mixing raw materials containing to-be-treated salt-containing organic wastewater, a metal salt catalyst and a first oxidant to obtain a first mixture; the first mixture is subjected to a first-stage catalytic wet oxidation reaction, and first-stage treated wastewater is obtained; wherein the temperature of the first-stage catalytic wet oxidation reaction is 130-160 DEG C; s2, mixing the primary treatment wastewater with a second oxidant to obtain a second mixture; the second mixture is subjected to a second-stage catalytic wet oxidation reaction, and second-stage treated wastewater, namely final treated wastewater, is obtained; wherein the temperature of the second-stage catalytic wet oxidation reaction is 200-280 DEG C. According to the treatment method, the high-temperature wet oxidation temperature and the retention time are reduced; container corrosion is reduced to the maximum extent, and investment cost and safety risks are reduced. The organic matters in the wastewater can be effectively degraded, and the TOC content is reduced.

The invention discloses a method for determining carbon isotopes of low-concentration soluble organic carbon in a water body, and belongs to the technical field of organic carbon detection. The determination method comprises the following steps: combining a TOC analyzer and a stable isotope mass spectrometer, and converting DOC in a water body into CO2 gas by adopting the TOC analyzer; cO2 gas generated by the TOC analyzer is enriched for the first time through the cold trap T1; the CO2 gas frozen by the cold trap T1 is enriched for the second time through a cold trap T2; introducing the CO2 subjected to secondary enrichment into a stable isotope mass spectrometer, and determining the carbon isotope composition of the CO2. Aiming at a low-concentration DOC water body, the carbon isotope composition of DOC in the water body is determined on the basis of combination of a wet oxidation technology and stable isotope mass spectrometry detection, a wet oxidation method is used for increasing the volume of a water sample to generate more CO2 for stable isotope mass spectrometry determination, so that more accurate carbon isotope composition is obtained, and the method is efficient, time-saving, labor-saving and accurate.

The invention relates to a continuous wet oxidation device for enhanced mass transfer treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater. The continuous wet oxidation device comprises a wastewater storage tank, a liquid inlet system, a high-pressure oxygen storage tank, a gas inlet system, a mass transfer enhanced reactor, a gas-liquid separation system and an oxygen recovery system, the mass transfer enhanced reactor is of a shell-and-tube structure and comprises a reactor shell and a built-in ceramic distributor; a tube pass is formed in the ceramic distributor, and a shell pass is formed between the ceramic distributor and the reactor shell; the tube pass is provided with a liquid feeding port and a liquid discharging port, and the shell pass is provided with a gas feeding port. Oxygen is distributed to a tube pass through the ceramic distributor and is quickly dispersed into micron-sized bubbles, so that the contact area between gas and liquid is increased, and the oxygen utilization rate and the reaction efficiency are improved.

The application provides a catalyst for catalytic wet oxidation of tetrabromobisphenol A wastewater, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The catalyst comprises a main metal oxide and a crystal lattice adjusting metal oxide; the main metal oxide comprises one or more of MnO2, Co3O4, NiO or MoO3, and the crystal lattice adjusting metal oxide comprises an oxide of Ce and / or an oxide of La. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding main metal salt, crystal lattice adjusting metal salt and citric acid into water, evaporating and concentrating, drying, first calcining, adding sodium hydroxide into water to perform a closed pressurized reaction, washing and drying, second calcining, placing into a nitric acid solution, heat treatment, washing and drying, placing into water with hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid to perform a heat reaction, filtering and drying, and obtaining the catalyst. The catalyst introduces a large number of oxygen defects through a mode of "lattice doping - partial metal removal - lattice distortion", so that the catalyst has a large oxygen storage capacity, can activate the C-Br bond, and can efficiently catalyze the oxidation of tetrabromobisphenol A wastewater.

The application discloses a process method for zero discharge of ethylene alkali residue wastewater, which comprises a wet oxidation section, a biochemical section and a salt treatment section; the wet oxidation section comprises a heat exchange unit, a wet oxidation reactor, a cooler and an adjusting tank; the biochemical section comprises an electrodialysis I, aerobic biochemical treatment, ozone catalytic oxidation, anaerobic biochemical treatment, secondary biochemical treatment, a recycled water pool and a methane purification unit; the salt treatment section comprises a tubular microfiltration, an electrodialysis II, a decarbonizer, a salt separation system, a biological reactor and a reverse osmosis; wherein the modified anion exchange membrane used in the electrodialysis has the characteristics of strong anti-pollution ability and high ion exchange rate, can effectively realize the separation of salt and organic matters in the wet oxidation effluent of the ethylene alkali residue, solves the problem of difficult treatment of the organic matters in the wet oxidation effluent of the ethylene alkali residue, and finally realizes zero discharge.

This invention provides a semi-coke wastewater treatment device and process. The semi-coke wastewater treatment device comprises, in sequence, a semi-coke production wastewater conditioning system, an electrolytic flotation system, a freeze crystallization system, a salt phase conditioning system, a high-temperature wet oxidation system, and an ammonia nitrogen stripping and distillation system. The freeze crystallization system is connected to an aqueous phase conditioning system, a BDD electro-oxidation system, and a biochemical system. The ammonia nitrogen stripping and distillation system is connected to the biochemical system. This invention effectively solves a series of technical problems in existing semi-coke wastewater treatment devices, such as lengthy process flows, high equipment investment and operating energy consumption, and clogging of the ammonia stripping and phenol removal unit due to phenol polymerization and coking, and oil adhesion. This invention also provides a semi-coke wastewater treatment process.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and discloses a coupled wet oxidation treatment system for continuously recycling a catalyst, which comprises a homogeneous regulating tank, a catalytic wet oxidation reaction device (comprising a high-pressure pump and a heat exchanger), a neutralization sedimentation tank, a filtering device, an online monitoring and regulating device and a resin purification device. The invention provides a systematic improvement aiming at engineering defects of a traditional copper salt homogeneous catalysis wet oxidation system. Sodium sulfide is used for removing most of copper in wet oxidation effluent, settled copper sulfide-containing slurry is creatively and directly recycled as a wet oxidation catalyst, and a closed-loop circulation system of the catalyst is constructed; and the residual trace copper in the supernate is deeply removed by a resin purification device filled with non-ion exchange chelate resin. According to the invention, high coupling of the catalyst recycling / purifying system and the wet oxygen system is realized, the operation cost and the secondary pollution risk of the homogeneous catalysis wet oxygen system are reduced, and the industrial application feasibility of the homogeneous catalysis wet oxygen system is obviously improved.

The application discloses a wet oxidation catalyst, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.1-2% noble metal, 1-10% graphene-based material, and the rest is a carrier, wherein the carrier is modified titanium dioxide, specifically, a rare earth-transition metal-oxygen vacancy-mesoporous three-dimensional gradient titanium dioxide carrier. The application aims at solving the technical problem of poor stability of the catalyst.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical wastewater treatment, and particularly discloses a comprehensive treatment method of sulfur-containing waste alkali, which comprises the following steps: S1, a pretreatment step: storing sulfur-containing waste alkali liquor in an adjusting and homogenizing tank for homogenizing treatment, and then pumping the sulfur-containing waste alkali liquor to a deoiling and diluting tank for standing separation to remove oil and solid impurities; s2, a wet oxidation (WO) step: pressurizing the pretreated waste alkali liquor to 60 bar through a booster pump, mixing the pretreated waste alkali liquor with compressed air with the flow of 230 Nm < 3 > / h, heating the mixture to 178 DEG C through a preheater, enabling the mixture to enter a reactor, carrying out oxidation reaction under the conditions of 200-240 DEG C and 3-5 barg for 30-60 minutes, cooling a reaction product, and enabling the cooled reaction product to enter a gas-liquid separator for separation; through the effects of wet oxidation, evaporative crystallization and chemical oxidation, organic matters and sulfides in the sulfur-containing waste alkali liquor can be efficiently degraded, the COD removal rate is remarkably increased, meanwhile, the common problems of sludge bulking, water quality fluctuation sensitivity and the like in traditional biological treatment are avoided, and the stability and reliability of the treatment process are ensured.

The invention discloses a catalytic wet oxidation reaction system and a method for prolonging the continuous operation period of catalytic wet oxidation. The system comprises an oxidation tower, a steam generator, a steam-liquid separation tank, a falling film circulating pump, a pre-oxidation tower, a booster pump and a steam-water mixer, an oxidized water outlet of the oxidizing tower is communicated with an oxidized water inlet of the steam generator, oxidized water and pure water in the steam generator are subjected to heat exchange, the pure water is heated and pressurized to generate high-temperature steam, and the oxidized water is cooled; the high-temperature steam is introduced into a steam-water mixer through a steam-liquid separation tank, so that the high-temperature steam is mixed with the raw water to preheat the raw water; preheated raw water is pre-oxidized through the pre-oxidation tower and is introduced into an inlet of the oxidation tower through a booster pump; and the falling film circulating pump circularly pumps the separated liquid pure water into the steam generator. High-temperature steam is used for preheating raw water for the first time, a traditional tubular heat exchanger and a traditional heater are not needed, the problem of frequent blockage of the heat exchanger and the heater is solved, the continuous operation period of the device is greatly prolonged, and a high-temperature steam byproduct is generated.

The present application relates to a kind of wastewater microplastics disposal method based on subcritical wet oxidation disposal method.The method comprises: wastewater is coagulated, and microplastic coagulation floc is obtained;Specifically including wastewater: coagulant: inorganic coagulant: organic flocculant is compounded according to the mass ratio of 1,000,000: (10-200) : (1-10) : (5-50) wastewater is coagulated;It is placed in reaction kettle and participates in subcritical wet oxidation reaction;Wherein, water is introduced into reaction kettle, oxidizing agent is introduced into reaction kettle, temperature is 200 DEG C to 260 DEG C, pressure is 1.6 MPa to 6.7 MPa, time is 30 min to 60 min, reaction product includes organic acid, by the above method, microplastic in wastewater is decomposed to form small molecule organic acid, eliminate the damage that microplastic can be to environment or organism.

The present application relates to the technical field of combustible substance detection in ammonium nitrate, and provides an automatic device for detecting combustible substance in ammonium nitrate, which comprises a reagent storage unit for storing ammonium nitrate sample, sodium persulfate reagent and phosphoric acid reagent; a CO2 infrared analyzer is connected with the reagent storage unit, the CO2 infrared analyzer can receive the reagent supplied by the reagent storage unit and determine the content of CO2 after the combustible substance in the ammonium nitrate sample is oxidized by the sodium sulfate reagent to form CO2; a controller controls the reagent storage unit to supply the reagent to the CO2 infrared analyzer, and receives and analyzes the content information of CO2 determined by the CO2 infrared analyzer to obtain the content of combustible substance in ammonium nitrate. The automatic device for detecting combustible substance in ammonium nitrate provided by the present application realizes efficient detection of combustible substance by using wet oxidation-infrared quantitative technology.

The invention discloses a photocatalytic treatment method for thiophanate-methyl wastewater, which belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment and comprises the following steps: S1, adjusting the pH value of the thiophanate-methyl wastewater to 8-10, adding an inorganic polymer flocculation solution to adjust the pH value to 6-7, stirring, adding an organic polymer flocculation solution for flocculation, standing after stirring, and filtering to obtain filtrate; filter residues and first treatment waste liquid are obtained; s2, mixing the first treated waste liquid with hydrogen peroxide, and performing catalytic wet oxidation to obtain a second treated liquid; s3, a composite photocatalyst is added into the second treatment liquid, ultrasonic treatment is performed for 40-60 min under irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp, standing is performed for 2-4 h, filtering is performed, and filtrate is third treatment liquid; s4, evaporation and concentration are conducted on the third treatment liquid through a membrane distiller, and treatment is completed. According to the discharged water obtained through the treatment method, the COD removal rate is larger than 95%, and the NH3-N removal rate is larger than 93%.

This invention discloses an apparatus and method for co-producing steam using catalytic wet oxidation. The reactor of the apparatus is equipped with a heat extraction module, which includes a heat exchange chamber and a heat extraction medium inlet and outlet connecting to the heat exchange chamber. The heat extraction module also has multiple channels spaced apart from the heat exchange chamber along its thickness for radial flow of materials within the reactor. By incorporating a heat extraction module inside the reactor, this invention can promptly remove the heat of reaction from the catalytic wet oxidation reaction, ensuring the reactor operates at a constant temperature. This significantly improves the reactor's adaptability to TOC content in wastewater. Simultaneously, the heat removed from the reactor can be co-produced using a steam generator. This invention's reaction system not only achieves catalytic wet oxidation treatment of high-content organic wastewater but also realizes comprehensive heat utilization, further reducing wastewater treatment costs.

The invention discloses a high-temperature corrosion-resistant continuous wet oxidation treatment system and method. The system comprises a wastewater pretreatment module, a pressurization preheating system, a wet oxidation reactor module, a depressurization cooling system and a gas-liquid separation and tail gas treatment module which are connected in sequence. The treatment method comprises a pretreatment stage, a pressurizing and preheating coupling stage, a gradient oxidation reaction stage, a stepped depressurization waste heat recovery stage and a gas-liquid separation and tail gas purification stage. According to the continuous flow tubular reactor structure disclosed by the invention, deep mineralization of organic pollutants is realized by combining the strong oxidizing property of wet oxygen at high temperature and high pressure, the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal rate can reach 90% or above, and the biodegradability of effluent is greatly improved; heat energy in high-temperature outlet water is fully recycled through the pipe sleeve type heat exchanger to preheat fed materials, and the requirement for an external heat source is reduced; a temperature fine-adjustment heater is arranged in an auxiliary mode, and total energy consumption is further saved; the pressure reduction coil pipe controls stable release of liquid outlet pressure, and the problems of equipment impact and corrosion caused by vapor-liquid flash evaporation are effectively prevented.

The application relates to a preparation method of a high-quality large-thickness silicon dioxide film layer, and belongs to the technical field of silicon-based photonic device preparation. The application aims to solve the problem that the large thickness and the high-quality and high-performance film layer cannot be considered simultaneously in the prior art, and provides a preparation method of a high-quality large-thickness silicon dioxide film layer; the method combines a dry-wet oxidation process and high-temperature annealing, designs part of the dry oxygen and the annealing process while the dry-wet-dry process is reformed, and can improve the quality and the light binding property of the large-thickness silicon dioxide film layer while the growth rate is maintained.

The invention relates to a pulse buffer tank non-condensable gas constant-current sampling device in the technical field of wet oxidation decarburization and sulfur removal, which comprises a gas delivery pipe, the gas inlet end of the gas delivery pipe is communicated with an exhaust port at the top of a pulse buffer tank, and the gas outlet end of the gas delivery pipe is communicated with a diameter-expanded hollow pipe; the cooling and washing system is arranged on the gas conveying pipe; the steam-water separation system is arranged on the gas conveying pipe; the air inlet end of the traction pipe penetrates through the side surface of the diameter-expanding and oppositely-arranged pipe and is communicated with the interior of the diameter-expanding and oppositely-arranged pipe, and the air outlet end of the traction pipe is connected with the sample input ends of the hydrogen analyzer and the oxygen analyzer; a suction pump is arranged on the traction pipe, and is used for providing negative pressure to suck the non-condensable gas sample gas in the diameter-expanding paired pipe into the hydrogen analyzer and the oxygen analyzer through the traction pipe; and the refrigeration and dehumidification system is arranged on the traction pipe. The problems that when non-condensable gas in a dissolution pulse buffer tank is sampled, the sampling stability is poor due to pulse pressure, and the detection precision is affected are solved.

The application discloses a multilayer copper sheet bonding method, which comprises three procedures of surface treatment impurity removal, copper sheet oxidation and copper sheet sintering. When the copper sheet is oxidized, gradient heating dry oxidation or KOH and K2S2O8 mixed aqueous solution wet oxidation is adopted to perform copper sheet surface oxidation; when sintering, the copper sheet after oxidation is placed between two porous sintering plates, and after being limited by clamping, the sintering condition is adopted to perform temperature rising and temperature dropping under the condition of argon protection, and bonding is completed.

The utility model discloses a wet oxidation reactor which comprises a barrel, a steam inlet pipe is arranged on the left side of the bottom of the barrel, and an exhaust pipe is arranged on the right side of the top of the barrel; a wastewater inlet pipe is arranged on the left side of the top of the barrel; a drain pipe is arranged on the right side of the bottom of the barrel; the middle part of the cylinder body is communicated with a hydrogen peroxide pipe, and a tower tray which is horizontally arranged in the cylinder body is arranged below the liquid outlet end of the hydrogen peroxide pipe; an air inlet pipe is arranged above the liquid discharge pipe and is connected with an L-shaped air pipeline arranged in the cylinder body; a plurality of air spraying pipes are arranged on the air pipeline, and obliquely-arranged blocking eaves are arranged on the air spraying pipes in a matched mode. Gas and liquid are fully mixed, the mass transfer effect is good, the structure is simple, the use is convenient, and the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) of wastewater can be effectively reduced.

The invention discloses a thiophanate-methyl wastewater treatment process, and belongs to the technical field of pesticide wastewater treatment. The thiophanate-methyl wastewater treatment process comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out catalytic wet oxidation reaction on thiophanate-methyl production wastewater to obtain a treatment solution I; s2, a modified catalyst is added into the treatment liquid I for photocatalytic treatment, and treatment liquid II is obtained; and S3, performing membrane distillation treatment on the treatment liquid II to obtain a treatment liquid III, thereby completing the treatment. N, S and F atoms on a carbon substrate of the modified catalyst are directly connected with Ti atoms, and compared with a common porous material, the modified catalyst has higher photoreaction efficiency. Besides, N, S and F atoms on the carbon material can serve as active sites, the carbon skeleton is stable in chemical property and large in specific surface area and has more active sites, the catalytic efficiency of the modified catalyst is improved, and the COD removal rate reaches 97.6% or above.

The invention discloses a wet oxidation wastewater treatment system and method. The system comprises a multi-stage centrifugal pump; the preheater is positioned at the downstream of the multi-stage centrifugal pump; the heater is positioned at the downstream of the preheater; and a reactor downstream of the heater. The rotating speed of the multi-stage centrifugal pump is far lower than 6600 rpm or above of a traditional high-speed pump, noise and vibration can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, loss of a motor bearing is delayed, and therefore the equipment maintenance cost is reduced, and the stability and efficiency of a wet oxidation method can be improved. And meanwhile, the tubular heat exchanger is adopted, so that the explosion risk is reduced, the temperature of the wastewater is increased, the steam consumption of a subsequent heater is greatly reduced, 2.4 tons of 3.2 MPa steam can be saved per hour per 20m < 3 > of wastewater according to actual operation, and huge economic benefits can be created every year. The Q235B and TA9 explosive composite board reactor is adopted, the comprehensive performance is better, and the long-term operation cost is greatly reduced.

A process for producing biogas that includes (i) anaerobically digesting lignocellulosic feedstock in an anaerobic digestion to produce a digestate; (ii) treating at least some of the solids from the digestate in a wet oxidation with lime; (iii) precipitating and recovering calcium from liquid from the wet oxidation as calcium carbonate; (iv) sending the calcium carbonate to calcination to produce carbon dioxide and calcium oxide; and (v) recycling at least some of the calcium oxide produced during the calcination or calcium hydroxide derived therefrom to the wet oxidation.

The invention discloses a wastewater treatment system and method for catalytic wet oxidation, and the treatment system comprises a vortex bubble generator; the oxidation reactor is positioned at the downstream of the vortex bubble generator; the heater is positioned at the upstream of the vortex bubble generator; and a preheater located upstream of the heater. According to the treatment system disclosed by the invention, the vortex effect of the wastewater is enhanced under the dual effects of the flow guide slit and the flow guide spiral of the vortex bubble generator, and the micro-nano bubble generation efficiency is improved. In the catalytic wet oxidation reaction process, oxygen enters the oxidation reactor in the form of micro-nano bubbles, and compared with millimeter-scale bubbles in a traditional gas distribution mode, the retention time of the oxygen is prolonged, the specific surface area of the bubbles is large, the gas-liquid mass transfer rate is increased, the generation rate of free radicals is increased, and the catalytic wet oxidation reaction efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, oxygen enters the oxidation reactor in the form of micro-nano bubbles, so that the consumption of the oxygen is reduced while the reaction efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a system and a method for deeply oxidizing sulfur-containing waste lye at low temperature and normal pressure, and belongs to the technical field of petrochemical wastewater treatment. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing peroxide by taking one of sodium persulfate or a mixed solution of ammonium sulfate, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid as a raw material; 2) preparing a peroxide solution, and adjusting the concentration and the pH value; (3) carrying out oxidation reaction on the peroxide and the waste alkali liquor in the presence of a catalyst; the method and the system for deeply oxidizing the waste alkali liquor containing high-concentration S < 2->, phenols and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) at low temperature and normal pressure by utilizing peroxide are particularly suitable for the waste alkali liquor with high pH value and complex organic matters, and the problems of high energy consumption and high investment of the traditional high-temperature and high-pressure wet oxidation process are solved.

Aqueous wastewater from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) systems is typically high in chemical oxygen demand (COD), which renders classic aerobic wastewater treatment to be prohibitively expensive. HTL wastewater can be processed using thermochemical wet oxidation in a manner that is not only cost efficient but also contributes more heat than is required for the energetically demanding HTL process. Provided are methods and devices for integrated hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass and treatment of resulting wastewater.

The present application provides a kind of nitrogen-doped catalyst and catalytic wet oxidation method, catalyst is carried out by the coprecipitation reaction of soluble salt of iron, lanthanum and copper, and in rotary evaporator device, aging, dry and then mixed with nitrogen-containing precursor grinding, calcination is obtained under inert atmosphere.The specific surface area of catalyst of the present application is 60-120cm 2 ·g ‑1 , the doping amount of nitrogen is 0.5-2.0wt%.For catalytic wet oxidation, due to the doping of copper in B site, it is anchored in the lanthanum ferrite framework, reducing the loss of metal copper, making the catalyst more stable, and improving the catalytic performance of lanthanum ferrite catalyst.

This invention relates to a method for testing twin defects in pre-oxidized wafers using a particle testing machine, belonging to the field of semiconductor wafer defect detection technology. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Thermal oxidation preparation; the grown oxide film is obtained through wet oxidation in an oxidation furnace, and the wafer is cleaned using a final cleaning machine. Step 2: Particle testing method optimization and film establishment. Step 3: Result comparison and verification; by establishing an Oxide Film model, the signal processing algorithm of the particle testing machine can distinguish between particle signals and twin signals, thereby achieving synchronous capture. Step 4: By optimizing the particle testing machine method, twin defect detection of the pre-oxidized wafer is successfully completed simultaneously during particle testing. By optimizing the particle testing machine method, synchronous detection of particle testing and twin defects is achieved, thereby improving detection efficiency, shortening the process, and maintaining the integrity of the sample.