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Electrochemical Device For Converting Carbon Dioxide To A Reaction Product

a technology of carbon dioxide and reaction product, applied in the field of electrochemistry, can solve the problems of not achieving faradaic efficiency greater than 32% in constant voltage experiment, different columbic efficiency from faradaic efficiency, application does not provide data demonstrating a 30% to 95% faradaic yield, etc., to achieve the effect of increasing the faradaic efficiency of the cell and low faradaic efficiencies and conversion currents

Active Publication Date: 2016-04-21
DIOXIDE MATERIALS
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The patent describes using an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer with a Helper Membrane to improve the efficiency of CO2 electrolysis. The Helper Membrane increases the faradaic efficiency of the cell and allows for the formation of products at lower voltages. This technology is related to Helper Catalysts described in previous patent applications. Overall, the patent describes a way to make CO2 electrolysis more efficient using a Helper Membrane.

Problems solved by technology

However, a system in which the faradaic efficiency in a constant voltage experiment is greater than 32% has not been achieved.
However columbic efficiency is different from faradaic efficiency.
The application states that a “system may provide selectivity of methanol as part of the organic product mixture, with a 30% to 95% faradaic yield for carbon dioxide to methanol, with the remainder evolving hydrogen.” However, the application does not provide data demonstrating a 30% to 95% faradaic yield.
In conclusion, faradaic efficiencies of less than 30% are not practical.
Furthermore, a device with a low CO2 conversion current is impractical.

Method used

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  • Electrochemical Device For Converting Carbon Dioxide To A Reaction Product
  • Electrochemical Device For Converting Carbon Dioxide To A Reaction Product
  • Electrochemical Device For Converting Carbon Dioxide To A Reaction Product

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

specific example 1

[0111]Specific Example 1 illustrates a procedure to create an electrolyzer with a Helper Membrane. The embodiment of Specific Example 1 demonstrates improved performance over earlier electrochemical cells used for CO2 conversion.

[0112]Measurements were conducted in an electrolysis cell with an anode, cathode, and anion-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane held in Fuel Cell Technologies 5 cm2 fuel cell hardware assembly with serpentine flow fields.

[0113]The cathode in Specific Example 1 was prepared as follows. Silver ink was made by mixing 30 mg of silver nanoparticles (20-40 nm, 45509, Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, Mass.) with 0.1 ml deionized water (18.2 Mohm, EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.) and 0.2 ml isopropanol (3032-16, Macron Fine Chemicals, Avantor Performance Materials, Center Valley, Pa.). The mixture was then sonicated for 1 minute. The silver ink was then hand-painted onto a gas diffusion layer (Sigracet 35 BC GDL, Ion Power Inc., New Castle, Del.) covering an area of 2.5 c...

specific example 2

[0148]The object of this example was to determine whether changes in the membrane doping could activate a membrane for CO2 conversion. AMI-7001 and CMI-7000 were chosen as test examples since they have the same polystyrene backbone as in PSMMIM and PSDMIM, but different amine groups, so they might be able to be activated.

[0149]The AMI-7001 was pretreated by soaking the membrane in a 1 M NaCl solution for one hour, followed by soaking in water for about 3 hours.

[0150]The selectivity rose to 70%. The current density was still low (3.5 mA / cm2). So this membrane is still not a Helper Membrane but its performance is much better.

[0151]The CMI-7000 was pretreated using the same procedure. Again, the selectivity rose to 72%. The current density was still low (15 mA / cm2).

[0152]Still, it is possible that the current could be raised if thinner membranes were made with the same bulk composition as AMI-7001 and CMI-7000, and then the membranes were doped with NaCl. Such a membrane could be a Hel...

specific example 3

[0153]The objective of Specific Example 3 is to provide another example of a Helper Membrane.

[0154]Preparation of PSDMIM: Poly(4-vinylbenzyl chloride-co-styrene) was prepared as in Specific Example 2. 1,2-dimethylimiazole (Sigma-Aldrich) (2.8455 g, 0.0296 mol) is added to the solution of the poly(4-VBC-co-St) (5.0907 g) in anhydrous N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (Sigma-Aldrich) (30 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5-1 hour, and then heated at 110-120° C. for 66.92 hours. PSDMIM was obtained as a yellowish solid after purification by precipitation into diethyl ether.

[0155]A PSDMIM membrane was formed as in Specific Example 2. Then the membrane was tested as in Specific Example 1. The results are given in Table 2 below. PSDMIM refers to a co-polymer of styrene and 1-(p-vinylbenzyl)-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium:

where X− is a anion and m>0 and n>0.

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Abstract

An electrochemical device converts carbon dioxide to a reaction product. The device includes an anode and a cathode, each comprising a quantity of catalyst. The anode and cathode each has reactant introduced thereto. A polymer electrolyte membrane is interposed between the anode and the cathode. At least a portion of the cathode catalyst is directly exposed to gaseous carbon dioxide during electrolysis. The average current density at the membrane is at least 20 mA / cm2, measured as the area of the cathode gas diffusion layer that is covered by catalyst, and CO selectivity is at least 50% at a cell potential of 3.0 V. In some embodiments, the polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a polymer in which a constituent monomer is (p-vinylbenzyl)-R, where R is selected from the group consisting of imidazoliums, pyridiniums and phosphoniums. In some embodiments, the polymer electrolyte membrane is a Helper Membrane comprising a polymer containing an imidazolium ligand, a pyridinium ligand, or a phosphonium ligand.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]The present application is a continuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT / US2015 / 14328, filed Feb. 3, 2015, entitled “Electrolyzer and Membranes”. The '328 international application claims priority benefits, in turn, from U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62 / 066,823 filed Oct. 21, 2014.[0002]The present application is also a continuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT / US2015 / 26507, filed Apr. 17, 2015, entitled “Electrolyzer and Membranes”. The '507 international application also claims priority benefits, in turn, from U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62 / 066,823 filed Oct. 21, 2014.[0003]The present application is also related to and claims priority benefits from U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62 / 066,823 filed Oct. 21, 2014.[0004]The '823 provisional application and the '328 and '507 international applications are each hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C25B9/08C25B9/19C25B3/25
CPCC25B9/08H01M8/1025B01J41/14H01M8/1044C25B13/08H01M2300/0082Y02E60/50C25B3/25C25B9/19H01M8/1023
Inventor MASEL, RICHARD I.CHEN, QINGMEILIU, ZENGCAIKUTZ, ROBERT
Owner DIOXIDE MATERIALS
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