438results about How to "Maintain structural integrity" patented technology

A vapor chamber structure includes a casing, a working fluid, a wick layer, a plurality of structure strengthening bodies, and a plurality of backflow accelerating bodies. The casing has an airtight vacuum chamber. The working fluid is filled into the airtight vacuum chamber. The wick layer is formed on a surface of the airtight vacuum chamber. The structure strengthening bodies are respectively arranged in the airtight vacuum chamber for supporting the casing. The backflow accelerating bodies are respectively arranged in the airtight vacuum chamber for increasing the backflow velocity of the working fluid. Therefore, the present invention can maintain the completeness of the vapor chamber structure and increase the backflow velocity of the working fluid due to the match of the structure strengthening bodies and backflow accelerating bodies. Because the backflow velocity of the working fluid is increased, the heat-transmitting efficiency is increased.

The invention in suitable embodiments is directed to smart bio-nanoparticle elements and intelligent bio-nanoparticle platforms employing such smart bio-nanoparticle elements. In one aspect, the smart bio-nanoparticle elements are formed with self-assembling protein molecules.

The thermal management and method for large scale processing of CIS and/or CIGS based thin film overlaying glass substrates. According to an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for fabricating a copper indium diselenide semiconductor film. The method includes providing a plurality of substrates, each of the substrates having a copper and indium composite structure. The method also includes transferring the plurality of substrates into a furnace, each of the plurality of substrates provided in a vertical orientation with respect to a direction of gravity, the plurality of substrates being defined by a number N, where N is greater than 5. The method further includes introducing a gaseous species including a selenide species and a carrier gas into the furnace and transferring thermal energy into the furnace to increase a temperature from a first temperature to a second temperature, the second temperature ranging from about 350° C. to about 450° C. to at least initiate formation of a copper indium diselenide film from the copper and indium composite structure on each of the substrates.

This invention relates to the field of electrophoretic displays. In particular, it relates to imagewise opening, filling, and sealing multicolor display components and the manufacture of multicolor displays.

The present spark plug is of the encapsulated design and facilitates the life of the spark plug, enhances the combustion process and reduces emissions. The position of an ignition chamber of the spark plug is substantially within a combustion chamber of an engine. The configuration of a parabolic end forms the ignition chamber, reduces the heat transferred to the spark plug and increases the life of the spark plug. The configuration or design of the spark plug makes the manufacturing process less costly and facilitates the combustion process by using one of a single orifice or a plurality of orifices positioned at and in a preestablished manner. The configuration will reduce or eliminate pre-ignition and other detonation problems enabling the timing to be advanced further reducing emissions.

The present invention provides a dispersant and foaming agent combination that is useful in the production of gypsum wallboard and other aqueous cementitious products, a method of forming a gypsum wallboard and a gypsum wallboard. The dispersant in the combination according to the invention is a naphthalene sulfonate-aldehyde condensate alkali salt polymer having a weight average molecular weight of from about 17,000 to about 47,000. The alkali is preferably an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal. The aldehyde is preferably formaldehyde. The foaming agent used in the combination according to the invention is a soap, preferably an alkali salt of an alkyl ether sulfate and/or an alkyl sulfate. The combination of a high molecular weight dispersant and a foaming agent produces a gypsum wallboard core effect that more efficiently entrains air (i.e., creates void space), thereby lowering overall board weight without detrimentally affecting strength. A gypsum wallboard formed using the dispersant and foaming agent combination according to the invention exhibits a higher nail pull value than gypsum wallboard formed using a conventional dispersant and a foaming agent at the same solids loading ratio.

A thermoelectric structure and device including at least first and second material systems having different lattice constants and interposed in contact with each other, and a physical interface at which the at least first and second material systems are joined with a lattice mismatch and at which structural integrity of the first and second material systems is substantially maintained. The at least first and second material systems have a charge carrier transport direction normal to the physical interface and preferably periodically arranged in a superlattice structure.

A method for pelletizing and taking intensive measurements of a raw sample is disclosed. The method includes homogenizing and pelletizing the sample that is to be subjected to compositional or intensive analysis. The raw sample is mixed with several solutions containing epoxies and activators based in carrier solutions or solvents, and ground to a fine powder or gel. The gel is partially dried and conformed to a pellet shape. The pellet is then cured such that the epoxy and activator solutions react and form a binding agent capable of maintaining the structural integrity of the sample pellet during intensive analysis. An intensive analysis instrument, such as LIBS, may then be used to ablate the surface of the pellet. The pellet provides consistent ablation of the sample material for accurate intensive measurements.

In a method for fabricating a nanowire thermoelectric device, a first electrode pattern is formed on a substrate, wherein the first electrode pattern includes bottom electrodes and a first set of connections which connects the bottom electrodes to form first and second groups of electrically connected bottom electrodes. P-type nanowires and n-type nanowires are selectively formed on the substrate by selectively activating either the first group of electrically connected bottom electrodes and the second group. The p-type and n-type nanowires are then connected by top electrodes. A first set of holes in the substrate is formed to remove the first set of connections. A second set of holes to allow for electrical access to the bottom electrodes, and a second set of connections are formed, so as to result in an array of thermocouples connected to each other in parallel banks of series-connected thermocouples.

The present invention concerns electrode materials capable of redox reactions by electrons and alkaline ions exchange with an electrolyte. The applications are in the field of primary (batteries) or secondary electrochemical generators, super capacitors and light modulating system of the super capacitor type.

Methods for making scaffolds for delivery via a balloon catheter are described. The scaffold, after being deployed by the balloon, provides a crush recovery of about 90% after the diameter of the scaffold has been pinched or crushed by 50%. The scaffold structure has patterns that include an asymmetric or symmetric closed cell, and links connecting such closed cells.

The present invention discloses a three-dimensional porous growth surface made from polysaccharide material, especially the alginic acid, to enhance cell growth surface, promote cell adherence, immobilization and propagation, maintain surface structure integrity, enable programmable degradation, and thus increase cellular production. The present invention teaches several methods: a method to enhance the integrity of the growth surface by protecting the growth surface in a rigid solid support; a method of use for enhancing the performance of the surface; and a method of modifying a growth surface for eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells comprising the steps of increasing surface area by creating porous and 3-D structure, treating a surface to encourage cell attachment, promoting cell growth and proliferation, and disposing the growth surface in any conventional cell cultivating device. The growth surface is able to program degradation and release the cell/tissue mass after the culture is completed.