The invention discloses a quick thermal treatment method for preparing a vanadium dioxide film. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) cutting a silicon chip to form a substrate, and cleaning and drying the silicon substrate; (2) placing the silicon substrate of the step (1) in a vacuum chamber, and depositing a vanadium dioxide film on the silicon substrate by adopting a target magnetron sputtering method, wherein the target is 99.99 percent metallic vanadium, argon is used as a working gas and oxygen is used as a reaction gas; (3) putting the vanadium dioxide film product sputtered in the step (2) into a quick annealing furnace to prepare a vanadium dioxide film, wherein the annealing temperature is 500 to 550 DEG C, the heating rate is 50 DEG C per second, the heat preservation time is 10 to 30 seconds, cooling is performed within 3 minutes, and the protective gas is nitrogen; and (4) measuring. By the method, the thermal treatment time is shortened, and obvious phase change property can be obtained after the vanadium dioxide film product is quickly and thermally treated for 10 to 30 seconds; the method is simple in process control, high in repeatability and suitable for large-area production; and electric and optical properties of the vanadium dioxide film are optimized. The method is widely applied in the fields of infrared detectors, memories, optical communications and the like.