446results about "Camouflage devices" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of camouflage materials, and particularly relates to a natural vegetation imitating visible light-laser-infrared compatible camouflage film. Comprising a substrate, a thermal infrared dual-band camouflage and near infrared spectrum regulation and control layer and a visible light-laser-near infrared regulation and control layer which are arranged in sequence. The upper-layer natural vegetation imitating structure is mainly used for simulating spectral characteristics of natural vegetation, and meanwhile, the extremely low reflectivity at the position of 1.06 mu m near-infrared laser wavelength is achieved by controlling the thickness of a film layer; the thermal infrared camouflage structure in the middle realizes low emissivity of medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared; the substrate provides a bearing function. The multilayer film not only can realize refined simulation of a reflection spectrum of natural vegetation in a visible light-near infrared wavelength range, but also has the functions of adjusting different visible light spectrum colors and resisting an infrared detector and a 1.06 [mu] m laser detector; and a visible light-laser-infrared multi-band compatible camouflage performance covering a wide wavelength range of 0.4-14 microns can be realized.

The invention discloses a sweating and cooling composite thermal protection structure based on a porous metamaterial, which belongs to the technical field of active thermal protection of aircrafts and comprises a layered metamaterial composite structure body. The layered metamaterial composite structure body sequentially comprises a spectrum stealth porous superstructure layer, an infrared thermal stealth porous superstructure layer and a hydrogel filling layer from top to bottom. The infrared thermal stealth superstructure porous material is used as a core, the anisotropic thermal conductivity characteristic of the infrared thermal stealth porous superstructure layer is achieved through the micro-nano structure design and different porosity distribution, transfer of surface heat flow in the horizontal direction and transfer of heat to the coolant phase change layer in the vertical direction can be accelerated, a sweating cooling mechanism is triggered, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved. Local high temperature of the surface is effectively eliminated, the average temperature of the surface is rapidly reduced, and the heat radiation amount is reduced, so that efficient thermal protection is achieved, the infrared thermal stealth function is achieved, and the spectrum stealth requirement is also met by combining the surface spectrum stealth porous superstructure layer.

The invention provides an anti-detection camouflage method based on missile-borne tail end guidance features, and relates to the technical field of anti-detection camouflage, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a feature data set through the reflection feature parameters of radar transmission waves with different transmission features under different environment data, transmission angles and distances, and building a reflection feature calculation model; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring guided missile tail end guidance features, performing preprocessing according to the emission angle, distance and environmental data of guided missile radar, predicting reflection feature parameters through a model, modulating radar interference waves with the same reflection feature parameters as the reflection feature parameters to generate an interference blind area with reflection waves, and controlling the position and size of the interference blind area. Blind area coverage is conducted on the position where the missile is located, the blinding index of the missile in the time period is calculated by calculating the moving trajectory fluctuation coefficient of the missile after interference and the change coefficient of a landing area, whether an attack target is lost or not is judged, and whether a tempting signal is released or not is selected.

The invention belongs to the technical field of camouflage materials, and particularly relates to a thermal infrared low-radiation imitation green leaf multilayer film and a preparation method thereof. Comprising a substrate, a long-wave infrared regulation and control layer, a medium-wave infrared regulation and control layer and a green-leaf-imitating hyperspectral regulation and control layer which are arranged in sequence, the long-wave infrared regulation and control layer is stacked on the substrate according to a periodic structure of MHML, the medium-wave infrared regulation and control layer is stacked on the long-wave infrared regulation and control layer according to a periodic structure of (HM) 2L, and the green-leaf-imitating hyperspectral regulation and control layer is stacked on the medium-wave infrared regulation and control layer according to a periodic structure of (LM) 3 (HM) 3 (HL) (HM); h is a high-refractive-index material, M is a medium-refractive-index material, and L is a low-refractive-index material. Aiming at the problems of poor compatibility, large radar wave transmission influence, strict multi-layer film thickness control requirements and the like in the prior art, by optimizing the film system structure, the green-leaf-imitating hyperspectral camouflage characteristic is realized in the visible light-near infrared band, and the low-radiation performance is realized in the thermal infrared dual-band.

The invention belongs to the field of protective materials, and particularly relates to a 3D printing high-performance porous silicon carbide ceramic wave-absorbing material and a preparation method and application thereof. The extrusion type 3D printing technology is combined with the reaction sintering and impregnation technology, the complex structure forming and the high-performance wave absorbing effect are achieved, the material prepared through the method has excellent mechanical performance and wave absorbing performance at the same time (the bending strength is larger than 15 MPa, the reflection loss minimum value at the frequency band of 2-18 GHz is larger than-25 dB, and the absorption bandwidth is larger than 3 GHz), and the material has the good application prospect. The method is suitable for military stealth engineering and other fields.

The invention relates to the technical field of military camouflage, and provides a rock-imitating camouflage apparatus based on multispectral matching and a design method thereof. The equipment comprises a camouflage surface layer, a first structural layer, a second structural layer and a third structural layer, the camouflage surface layer comprises an electromagnetic loss material, a binding material and a pigment body; phase change microcapsules are arranged in the first structural layer, the second structural layer and the third structural layer, and the content of electromagnetic loss substances is increased layer by layer; the design method is mainly a design method for disguising surface layer color matching. According to the invention, by constructing a layered impedance matching structure, a dynamic temperature field regulation and control system and a composite spectral feature cooperation mechanism, global spectral feature matching of an artificial structure and a natural rock mass in a millimeter wave / centimeter wave radar detection wave band, a middle and far infrared thermal imaging wave band and a visible light reconnaissance wave band is realized; and the concealment efficiency of strategic engineering under multi-spectrum reconnaissance can be obviously improved.

The invention provides a visible and infrared dual-band stealth material and a preparation method thereof. The visible and infrared dual-band stealth material comprises a thermochromic ink layer, a transparent conductive layer, a quartz glass substrate and a phase change material layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the phase change material layer is arranged in a grid shape; and the material of the phase change material layer is selected from VO2 or sulfur germanium antimony tellurium. The surface phase-change material layer of the stealth material is arranged in a grid shape, the color-changing ink layer at the bottom can be directly seen by naked eyes, camouflage patterns are formed on the color-changing ink layer through printing, and the dynamic visible light camouflage function is achieved; when the top layer VO2 or chalcogenide germanium antimony tellurium is in a phase transformation state, the infrared reflectivity of the top layer VO2 or chalcogenide germanium antimony tellurium becomes high, the emissivity becomes low, and therefore the dynamic infrared camouflage function is achieved. Joule heat can be generated when voltage is applied to the transparent conductive layer, and the heat enables the color of the color-changing ink layer to change, so that the visible light camouflage function can be adapted to various scenes. Visible and infrared dual-band stealth can be achieved, dynamic stealth can also be achieved, and the application requirements of multiple spectrums and multiple scenes are met.

The present invention belongs to the field of the design and preparation of electromagnetic shielding materials. Disclosed are a modularized full-spectrum efficient electromagnetic shielding flexible fabric and a preparation method therefor. The preparation method of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) subjecting a fabric to a metal deposition treatment by using a magnetron sputtering system, so as to obtain a flexible conductive fabric A; (2) subjecting the surface of a polymer thin film to a metal deposition treatment by using a vacuum coating technology, so as to obtain a high-toughness conductive thin film B; (3) uniformly mixing a carbon-based wave-absorbing material, a polymer and a solvent, and curing the mixture, so as to obtain a wave-absorbing layer C having a certain thickness; and (4) subjecting the functional modules obtained in step (1), step (2) and step (3) to specific permutation, combination and packaging, so as to obtain a modularized full-spectrum electromagnetic shielding flexible composite fabric.

A multi-layer radar-absorbing element (10) with adaptable properties for microwave absorption for vehicle components (20) is provided. The element (10) comprises a core layer (11) with a first layer thickness, an insulating layer (12) with a second layer thickness, and an outer absorption layer with a third layer thickness. The core layer (11) is made of a magnetically absorbent material. The insulating layer (12) is made of a material that is both electrically insulating and magnetically permeable. The outer absorption layer (13) is made of a material that is both electrically conductive and magnetically permeable. The insulating layer (12) is arranged between the core layer (11) and the outer absorption layer (13). Furthermore, a vehicle component (20) having a plurality of such radar-absorbing elements (10) and a method (40) for producing such a vehicle component (20) are provided.

The invention belongs to the technical field of stealth materials, and relates to a radar-infrared compatible stealth composite material and a preparation method thereof, after an infrared shielding reflecting layer and a wave-absorbing heat-insulating layer with laser etching patterns are prepared respectively, the infrared shielding reflecting layer and the wave-absorbing heat-insulating layer are assembled together through glue, and the radar-infrared compatible stealth composite material with a double-layer structure is obtained. According to the invention, the shape of the periodic unit is redesigned, and the periodic unit is matched with the size of the periodic unit and the laser etching gap, so that the infrared emissivity is further reduced while the radar wave transmissivity is further improved. Furthermore, the aerogel is adopted as a wave-absorbing and heat-insulating layer of the composite material, the low heat conductivity coefficient of the aerogel can effectively prevent heat transfer, the upper surface temperature of the material is remarkably reduced, infrared signal radiation is inhibited, the infrared stealth effect of the composite material is improved, meanwhile, the function of attenuating radar waves transmitted from the top layer is achieved, and the infrared stealth effect of the composite material is improved. And efficient radar-infrared compatible stealth performance is realized.

A camouflage system, comprising at least one camouflage element which consists of at least one partial surface and which is controlled to display at least one camouflage pattern in order to achieve improved camouflage of vehicles and other objects. For this purpose, the partial surface of interest consists of at least one e-paper film.

The invention relates to the technical field of military stealth materials, in particular to a multiband infrared stealth composite material and a preparation method thereof.The multiband infrared stealth composite material comprises an outer layer and an inner layer, each of the outer layer and the inner layer comprises a base material layer and a functional plating layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the base material layer is formed by blending aramid fibers and conductive fibers, and the functional plating layer is formed by blending the aramid fibers and the conductive fibers. The surface of the base material layer is provided with an infrared regulation and control printing layer, the infrared regulation and control printing layer is made of ITO / ATO composite oxide, the functional plating layer comprises a first aluminum plating layer and a first boron nitride layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, and the first boron nitride layer on the outer layer and the first boron nitride layer on the inner layer are in composite connection through an adhesive layer. The first aluminum plating layer and the first boron nitride layer are combined in a sequential plating manner; the aramid fibers and the conductive fibers are blended, the mechanical property of the material is guaranteed, the base material layer is matched with the synergistic effect of the infrared regulation and control printing layer and the functional plating layer, the emissivity of the whole material is reduced, and effective regulation and control in a broadband are achieved.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of multifunctional textile materials, and provides a wave-absorbing type flame-retardant electromagnetic shielding fabric and a preparation method and application thereof.The wave-absorbing type flame-retardant electromagnetic shielding fabric takes aramid fiber / stainless steel blended fabric as a base material, and the surface of the base material is coated with a functional coating; the functional coating is composed of a waterborne polyurethane matrix, a NiZnFe2O4 and MnO2 / GA composite wave absorbing agent dispersed in the waterborne polyurethane matrix, an ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant and a catalyst p-toluenesulfonic acid; under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid, carrying out esterification reaction on ammonium polyphosphate, the waterborne polyurethane matrix and oxygen-containing functional groups in the graphene aerogel to form a phosphorus-oxygen-carbon covalent cross-linked network; the invention successfully solves the technical problem of collaborative integration of wave-absorbing and flame-retardant properties, has the characteristics of light weight, flexibility, environmental friendliness and the like, and is suitable for the field of high-end flexible electromagnetic protection and fireproof safety.

The invention discloses an anti-infrared detection water curtain device, which comprises a shell, the bottom of the shell is provided with a transmission hole, and the shell is internally provided with a curtain unit; the water spraying pipe unit is mounted on the shell; and the water storage plate is obliquely installed on the inner wall of the shell and located at the bottom of the water spraying pipe unit, and the curtain unit penetrates through the transmission hole through the water storage plate and the tensioning structure and extends out of the shell. The curtain unit and the water spraying pipe unit are arranged in the shell, the curtain unit is used as a carrier, when defense needs to be carried out, only an electromagnetic valve needs to be switched on, water flows to the curtain through spraying holes, the curtain can vertically face downwards under the influence of gravity, the water slowly flows downwards along the curtain, water mist is formed when water flow evaporates, and the water mist is sprayed to the curtain. A water curtain is formed on the curtain, an invisible infrared shielding barrier is formed, and infrared signals are interfered and shielded through the absorption, scattering and reflection effects of the water curtain on infrared radiation. And the sight of enemy infrared detection equipment is effectively blocked.

A counter-thermal garment optimized for concealment, versatility, and comfort by making a volume around a wearer with a porous barrier. The garment structure and barrier initially retain the wearer's body heat, then cools and dissipates it through the barrier at a more ambient temperature. The counter-thermal garment has a cloak and hood with a veil, each of which has front openings with quiet magnet closures. The cloak also incorporates drawstring and channel systems in arm portions that are configured to adjust arm portion length. Various other concealing and camouflage features including — mimesis, color matching, disruptive coloration, and disruptive pattern — may also be incorporated.

The invention discloses a functional fabric capable of synchronously achieving electric heating and infrared stealth and a preparation method and application thereof.The fabric is of a sandwich structure, the outer layer is an infrared stealth layer, cellulose is used for modifying the fabric, the porosity is reduced, the capillary action is improved, a low-emissivity material and the fabric are tightly combined, the surface is smooth, the problem that inorganic materials fall off is solved, and the fabric has the function of infrared stealth. The infrared stealth effect is enhanced; the interlayer is a heat insulation layer, the aerogel is subjected to silanization modification, rigid chain segments are introduced to form a rigid-flexible physical cross-linked network, the hydrogen bond strength and mechanical performance are improved, heat loss of the inner layer is slowed down, collaborative stealth is achieved, and infrared stealth of the thin aerogel under heating is achieved; the inner layer is an electric heating layer, PEDOT: PSS and CF are compounded, and the pi-pi conjugation action of the PEDOT: PSS and the CF changes the arrangement of macromolecular chains, reduces the contact resistance of the CF, improves the conductivity of the PEDOT: PSS and enhances the electric heating performance.

The invention provides a liquid metal layer packaged honeycomb structure microwave-infrared stealth modulation system, and belongs to the technical field of microwave-infrared compatible camouflage, the liquid metal layer packaged honeycomb structure microwave-infrared stealth modulation system comprises a honeycomb structure and a liquid metal layer, the honeycomb structure comprises a honeycomb bottom and periodically arranged honeycomb cores, the honeycomb cores are arranged on the honeycomb bottom, the liquid metal layer covers the honeycomb cores, and the liquid metal layer covers the honeycomb bottom. The honeycomb bottom and the honeycomb core are made of the same material and are both prepared by mixing an elastomer matrix, a wave-absorbing material and a curing agent, and the liquid metal layer is prepared by mixing a liquid metal, an elastomer matrix and a curing agent. The invention further provides a preparation method of the microwave-infrared stealth modulation system. According to the invention, the reflectivity and the infrared emissivity can be adjusted by adjusting electromagnetic parameters, honeycomb structure parameters, liquid metal concentration and morphology changes. The honeycomb structure packaged by the liquid metal also has the advantages of broadband wave absorption, low infrared emissivity, curved surface conformal capability and good flexibility and heat dissipation performance.

The invention provides a military camouflage facility with high hiding property, which comprises a camouflage facility, the surface layer of the camouflage facility adopts a gradient composite structure and is divided into a dynamic optical camouflage layer, an infrared thermal regulation and control layer and a radar wave absorption layer from outside to inside, the dynamic optical camouflage layer adopts a composite film of an electrochromic polymer and a photochromic dye, and the infrared thermal regulation and control layer adopts an infrared thermal regulation and control layer. The color and pattern switching can be completed within 0.3 second through pixelated control, the optical characteristics of the surrounding environment are accurately matched, the infrared thermal regulation and control layer actively regulates the surface thermal radiation distribution according to the environment temperature change, the thermal fusion with the background environment is realized, the radar wave absorption layer adopts a gradient impedance metamaterial and a honeycomb structure substrate, and the gradient impedance metamaterial and the honeycomb structure substrate are integrated. The dynamic optical camouflage layer, the infrared thermal regulation and control layer, the radar wave absorption layer and the intelligent environment perception and regulation and control system are combined to resist multiple detection means of a modern battlefield, and the dynamic response speed is improved within 0.5 second in a breakthrough mode.

The invention belongs to the technical field of textile materials, and relates to an environment-adaptive multi-spectrum camouflage cloak and a preparation method thereof. Comprising a cloak body, the cloak body is made of composite fabric, the composite fabric sequentially comprises a wear-resistant layer, a waterproof layer and a close-fitting layer from outside to inside, and the surface of the wear-resistant layer is sequentially coated with a thermochromic dye layer, a far infrared plating layer and a visible light hiding layer from bottom to top; the thermochromic dye layer is formed by compounding disperse dye and bistable thermochromic microcapsules, and the visible light stealth layer is prepared from photonic crystal gel; and the far infrared plating layer is prepared from an indium tin oxide film. The desert camouflage is switched below 5 DEG C, the woodland camouflage is switched above 60 DEG C, and different regional environments are matched; according to efficient multi-spectrum camouflage, the color difference between the visible light band and the background is smaller than or equal to 1.95, three emissivity levels are formed in the infrared band, and the thermal imaging detection probability is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of battlefield vehicle protection, and discloses a battlefield vehicle protection device capable of resisting attack of an unmanned aerial vehicle and a manufacturing method of the battlefield vehicle protection device. The protective layer plate sequentially comprises a camouflage coating, a top bullet shielding layer, a middle energy absorption core layer and a bottom anti-collapse layer from outside to inside, and the camouflage coating is used for camouflage; the top bullet shielding layer is used for absorbing radar waves to stealth and resisting armor penetrating bullets; the middle energy absorption core layer is used for reducing explosive shock waves to achieve anti-explosion energy consumption and interference jet flow. And the bottom anti-seismic collapse layer is used for preventing the middle energy-absorbing core layer from collapsing under the explosive load and holding concrete blasting fragments. According to the protection device provided by the invention, through a laminate structure formed by combining the top bullet shielding layer, the middle energy absorption core layer and the bottom anti-collapse layer, the anti-penetration performance is greatly improved, and the protection device has a relatively strong protection function on battlefield vehicles such as tanks and armored cars which are resistant to radar stealth and attack of small unmanned aerial vehicles.

The invention discloses a multispectral compatible camouflage and radiant heat management device and a multispectral camouflage system based on the same, relates to the field of multispectral camouflage materials and heat management, and aims to solve the problems of poor spectrum compatibility, narrow bandwidth, insufficient heat management and high angle sensitivity in the prior art. A phase change material layer is arranged on the metal substrate layer, and a phase regulation and control layer of a chessboard structure is arranged on the phase change material layer. According to the invention, the radar scattering cross section is large, the specular reflectance is very low, the performance can still be maintained in the incidence angle range of 0-30 degrees, the reflectance is not sensitive to the incidence angle and the polarization state, laser stealth, radar stealth and infrared camouflage can be realized, the spectrum compatibility is good, the bandwidth is wide, dynamic heat dissipation in a non-window can be realized, and the performance is stable. And the heat management effect is achieved.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of camouflage, and relates to a thermal infrared resistant multilayer camouflage mask which comprises a mask body and eye structures connected to the mask body. The mask body comprises a skin attaching layer, a temperature adjusting reflecting layer and a camouflage layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, and an adjustable opening is formed in the position, corresponding to the mouth of a wearer, of the mask body; the temperature-adjusting reflecting layer adopts a mode of alternately distributing gridding cloth and flexible conductive cloth from inside to outside, and the gridding cloth is arranged on the outermost layer; and the eye structure adopts a transparent lens. The temperature adjusting reflecting layer can change the temperature change of the human body and the outside, the surface of the camouflage layer is composed of different camouflage spots, and visible light reconnaissance can be effectively resisted under the condition that the camouflage layer is integrated with the surrounding background environment. The device is made of materials with good ductility, can be folded at will, is convenient to carry, and is beneficial for the individual soldier to quickly carry out visible light and infrared camouflage on the head during combat.

An infrared cloaking material includes a copper-coated fabric and a layer of zinc oxide. The copper-coated fabric includes an inner layer of copper, a layer of fabric, and an outer layer of copper as the layer of fabric is composed of an inner fabric surface and an outer fabric surface. The inner fabric surface and the outer fabric surface being positioned opposite of each other about the layer of fabric. The inner layer of copper is superimposed onto and across the inner fabric surface. The outer layer of copper is superimposed onto and across the outer fabric surface. The layer of zinc oxide is positioned adjacent to the inner layer of copper, opposite of the layer of fabric as the layer of zinc oxide is superimposed onto and across the inner layer of copper.

A multifunctional, versatile, camouflage device including a puck including a top, a bottom, and a plurality of sides, a securing device on the bottom configured to secure the puck to an object, one or more of the plurality of sides including a threaded opening configured to secure a device to the puck, and wherein a plurality of devices coupled to the puck create a camouflage area proximate a user.

A method for making a reversible or adaptable camouflage scheme on a vehicle comprises first, second and third steps. The first step is to apply a first, base, coat of paint of a first colour on the m

The invention is a covering device that acts as both a visual camouflage and as a thermal blocker to cover people and equipment (e.g., vehicles). Specifically, the covering device effectively reduces and / or prevents thermal, infrared, and visual detection of any subject (e.g., person or equipment) positioned under the device. The covering device includes a unique arrangement of apertures that has been surprisingly shown to reduce and diffuse both the heat and visual signature of the subject.

The utility model discloses a multi-functional modularization integration camouflage net relates to camouflage net technical field, including camouflage net body, connecting cloth, connector, ground nail and connecting piece, the upper end face of connecting cloth is equipped with connecting column, the upper end face of connecting cloth is connected with elastic connecting strip, the left end face of connecting cloth that is arranged symmetrically is equipped with through hole, and the connecting piece is connected with the elastic connecting strip. The connector is provided with a plurality of fixing holes, the fixing holes are matched with the connecting blocks, limiting pieces are arranged in the fixing holes, and the limiting pieces are used for fixing the connecting blocks. The camouflage net body can be spliced by arranging the connector and the connecting blocks, so that the camouflage net body is modularized, and after part of the camouflage net is damaged, the camouflage net body can be conveniently replaced; the novel stretcher is simple in structure and convenient to use, only the damaged part needs to be replaced, so that the replacement cost is reduced, the elastic connecting strips and the through holes are arranged, a simple stretcher can be formed after the stick bodies penetrate through the through holes, emergency use is facilitated, and the bearing capacity and the tensile capacity can be improved through the elastic connecting strips with elasticity.

The utility model discloses a camouflage net stretching device. The camouflage net stretching device comprises a top support, four bottom supports, four pull ropes and four ground nails. According to the camouflage net stretching device, the top support is detachable, and the bottom support and the supporting stand columns are detachable, so that the net stretching device can be detached and stored, the occupied space of the net stretching device in the stored state is small, and the net stretching device is convenient to store or transport and move; the camouflage net can be supported through the pull ropes and the ground nails, and positioning and fixing of the camouflage net are facilitated.

The wear-resistant camouflage exercise and training clothes mainly comprise an exercise and training clothes body, elbow protection pads and a light reflection opening and closing assembly, the exercise and training clothes body comprises a clothes body and sleeves fixedly arranged on the two sides of the clothes body, and the elbow protection pads are fixedly arranged on the elbows of the sleeves and used for protecting the elbows of exercise and training personnel. The reflective opening and closing assembly is fixedly arranged on the front side of the coat body. The elbow protection pads are arranged on the elbows of the sleeves, the elbows of exercise and training personnel can be effectively protected, in addition, the reflective opening and closing assemblies are arranged, the reflective strips can be conveniently opened when needed at night, the reflective strips can be covered when not needed, and therefore different exercise and training requirements can be met conveniently, and use flexibility is good.

Camouflage coating systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein may include a coating deposited and bonded to a region of an external surface of an object to be camouflaged. The coating may include a plurality of stacked material arrangements deposited and bonded sequentially onto the region of the external surface and arranged to define a laterally distributed plurality of independent camouflage profiles. The coating may be configured to adjust coating emissivity at visual and IR wavelengths and to block or adjust infrared (IR) emitted by the object, thereby concealing the region of the external surface of the object from detection by a detection method in the visual, infrared, and electromagnetic regimes.