462results about How to "Lower surface" patented technology

Liquid curable perfluoropolyether (PFPE) materials are provided for use as coatings, sealants, flexible fillers, and structural parts for a wide variety of medical applications, particularly where silicone has been utilized conventionally. The PFPE material is oxygen permeable and bacterial impermeable and may contain one or more pharmacological agents elutably trapped therewithin for delivery within the body of a subject.

Yarns and fishing lines are made by a process that includes the step of exposing an opaque yarn made from ultrahigh molecular weight, gel spun polyolefin filaments to a temperature within the melting point range of the filaments for a time sufficient to at least partially fuse the contact surfaces of adjacent filaments. For ultrahigh molecular weight, gel spun polyethylene, this temperature is preferably within the range from about 150 DEG -157 DEG C. The surface fusion between and among filaments imparts desirable handling characteristics to the ultrahigh molecular weight, gel spun polyolefin yarns and fishing lines that are similar to those of a conventional monofilaments. Preferably, the temperature, residence time, and stretching ratio at the selected temperature are chosen to provide a fishing line exhibiting a tensile modulus within the range from about 230 g/d to about 780 g/d with a tenacity of at least 15 g/d.

The invention discloses a dual-functional catalyst composition and an integrated process for production of olefin epoxides including propylene oxide by catalytic reaction of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen with olefin feeds such as propylene. The epoxides and hydrogen peroxide are preferably produced simultaneously in situ. The dual-functional catalyst comprises noble metal crystallites with dimensions on the nanometer scale (on the order of <1 nm to 10 nm), specially dispersed on titanium silicalite substrate particles. The dual functional catalyst catalyzes both the direct reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide intermediate on the noble metal catalyst surface and the reaction of the hydrogen peroxide intermediate with the propylene feed to generate propylene oxide product. Combining both these functions in a single catalyst provides a very efficient integrated process operable below the flammability limits of hydrogen and highly selective for the production of hydrogen peroxide to produce olefin oxides such as propylene oxide without formation of undesired co-products.

All-internal compression inlets for supersonic aircraft, with variable geometry systems and shock stability bleed systems provide high performance, large operability margins, i.e. terminal shock stability that reduces the probability of inlet unstart, and contribute little or nothing to the overall sonic boom signature of the aircraft. These inlets have very high internal area contraction or compression and very low external surface angles. All shocks from the internal inlet surfaces are captured and reflected inside the inlet duct, and all of the external nacelle surfaces are substantially aligned with the external airflow. The inlet shock stability system consists of bleed regions that duct bleed airflows to variable area exits with passive or active exit area controls. This reduces the risk of inlet unstarts by removing airflow through a large open throat bleed region to compensate for reductions in diffuser (engine) corrected airflow demand. Because the stability bleed is not removed until the inlet terminal shock moves upstream over the bleed region, the necessary normal shock operability margin is provided without compromising inlet performance (total pressure recovery, and distortion).

Laminated automotive glazing including plastic layers and glass having an obscuration area produced by printing on the plastic layers of the laminate rather than printing and firing a black enamel frit onto the glass. This results in an obscuration having superior optical quality, higher strength and a lower probability of breakage as compared to a black enamel frit obscuration.

The invention discloses an ultrahigh-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system aluminum alloy large-size flat cast ingot and a making method thereof, and belongs to the aluminum alloy making field. The flat cast ingot comprises, by mass, 2.0-2.4% of Cu, 1.95-2.5% of Mg, 5.5-9.0% of Zn, 0.08-0.15% of Zr, 0.0003-0.0015% of Be, below 0.06% of Ti, below 0.04% of Cr, below 0.10% of Mn, 0.085% or less of Si, 0.14% or less of Fe, and the balance Al and inevitable elements, wherein the content of each of the inevitable elements is lower than 0.05%, the total amount of the inevitable elements is lower than 0.15%, and a content ratio of Fe to Si is not less than 1.6. The making method disclosed in the invention improves traditional making methods, and does not need pure aluminum bottoming, and the flat cast ingot made in the invention has the advantages of large size, high strength, no cracks, and high casting success rate.

The present invention is a catheter assembly allowing for non-contaminated insertion of a catheter into a urinary canal. The assembly includes a package for the catheter and an applicator to be used for guiding the catheter into the urinary canal without touching the catheter by holding the catheter via walls of the applicator. The assembly further comprises clamping means for pressing the walls of the applicator into engagement with the catheter. The present invention further relates to an applicator with integrated clamping means to be used with the assembly.

A color gamut in a first color space is expanded to utilize a larger gamut in a second color space. The gamut in the first color space is first converted by black generation or geometric distortion to a gamut in a second color space. The gamut in the second color space is converted by forward mapping to a gamut in a third color. The gamut in the third color space is expanded by linear rescaling. Finally, the linearly rescaled gamut is mapped to a gamut in the second color space through inverse modeling to form a final color gamut. The final color gamut utilizes the gamut available in the second color space, which is larger than the gamut available in the first color space.

This invention discloses a semiconductor power device disposed in a semiconductor substrate comprising a lightly doped layer formed on a heavily doped layer and having an active cell area and an edge termination area. The edge termination area comprises a plurality P-channel MOSFETs. By connecting the gate to the drain electrode, the P-channel MOSFET transistors formed on the edge termination are sequentially turned on when the applied voltage is equal to or greater than the threshold voltage Vt of the P-channel MOSFET transistors, thereby optimizing the voltage blocked by each region.

A non-woven low surface energy filter element designed to have improved removal of a dispersed liquid phase from a continuous liquid phase is disclosed.

A substrate holding and rotating device includes: a turntable rotatable; a rotative drive unit which rotates the turntable; a holding member which is provided on the turntable and horizontally holds a substrate in upwardly spaced relation to the turntable; a vertically movable protection disk disposed between the turntable and a substrate holding position; and a magnetic levitation mechanism including a first magnet attached to the protection disk, an annular second magnet which generates a repulsive force with respect to the first magnet, a support member which non-rotatably supports the second magnet, and a relative movement mechanism which moves the support member and the turntable relative to each other.

The present invention is a method of assisting the rinsing of a wafer in a single wafer cleaning apparatus. According to the present invention, after exposing a wafer to a cleaning and/or etching solution, the cleaning or etching solution is removed from the wafer by spinning the wafer and dispensing or spraying DI water onto the wafer as it is spun. The centrifugal force of the spinning wafer enhances the rinsing of the wafer. In order to enhance the rinsing of the wafer, in an embodiment of the present invention a solution having a lower surface tension than water, such as but not limited to isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is dispensed in liquid or vapor form onto the wafer after the DI water. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the vapor of a solution with a lower surface tension than DI water, such as IPA vapor, is blown on the wafer in order to break up the DI water bulging up at the center of the spinning wafer. In another embodiment of the present invention, a gas such N2, is blown for a short period of time onto the center of the wafer to break up the DI water bulging up at the center of the spinning wafer. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, acoustic or sonic waves are applied to the wafer as it spins in order to help diffuse the DI water from the wafer. And in still yet another embodiment of the present invention, the DI water which is dispensed onto the spinning wafer is heated to a temperature above room temperature and preferably between 60-70° C. to enhance the diffusion of water from the wafer. The low surface tension liquid, acoustic application, gas blowing, and heated DI water can be used alone or in combination with one another into enhance the rinsing of a wafer and thereby decrease the rinsing time of a single wafer process to less than 20 seconds.

A piston ring for internal combustion engines with a coating of Chromium nitride (CrN) deposited by a physical vapor deposition process on a sliding surface with a typical crystal structure of CrN phase, has a high wear resistance and superior resistance to the generation of micro-cracks and consequent localized loss of pieces of the coating. The coating is a columnar crystalline coating of CrN having a dispersed pore content lower than 10% in volume and ratio of intensities, measured through x-ray diffraction, between the crystal planes (111) and planes (200), parallel to the surface, in the range of 0.40 to 0.70. This crystalline distribution is obtained through an oxygen content impregnated in the CrN coating between 1.0% in weight to 7.0% in weight. The Vickers hardness of the film ranges from 1,500 to 2,200 HV.

The invention discloses a method for preparing an antipollution chitosan-nonwoven fabric composite porous filter membrane and belongs to the technical field of microfilter and ultrafilter composite membranes. The method is characterized in that the method adopts nonwoven fabric with nominal aperture of between 0.1 and 10 microns as a base membrane; a crosslinking agent is adopted to carry out pretreatment on the base membrane; 0.1 to 10 mass percent amylose is dissolved in an acetic acid solution; the crosslinking agent and a hole formation agent are added into the acetic acid solution; after the crosslinking reaction, a casting film liquid is obtained; at negative pressure, the casting film liquid is evenly coated on the surface and pores of the porous base membrane; and after treatment by a sodium hydroxide solution and a hot water bath, the antipollution chitosan-nonwoven fabric composite porous filter membrane is formed. The method has the advantages that the prepared composite membrane has good mechanical performance and chemical stability; and the surface of the membrane is levelled and smooth. The composite membrane has dual functions of hydrophile and antibiosis, can lighten adsorption of pollutants on the surface of the membrane, inhibit the growth and reproduction of thalli on the surface of the membrane, and keep the penetrating performance of the membrane and is widely applied to the water treatment process of various fields.

Disclosed is an image forming apparatus for lowering friction coefficient and lowering surface energy of photoconductor surface in particular, which comprises an electrophotographic photoconductor, charging unit, light exposure unit, developing unit, transferring unit, and fixing unit, the electrophotographic photoconductor comprises a photosensitive layer on a conductive support and fluoropolymer fine particles at the outermost layer, a part of the fluoropolymer fine particles are exposed above the surface of the outermost layer in configurations of primary particles and secondary particles formed by flocculation of plural primary particles, and sum of area ratios of particles in the configurations of the primary particles and the secondary particles, each particles having an average diameter D of 0.15 μm≦D≦3.0 μm as respective projected figures of exposed portion above the surface of the outermost layer, is 10% to 60% based on the entire surface area of the outermost layer, and wherein the binder resin in the outermost layer comprises a polyalylate copolymer resin having a structural unit of alkylene-aryldicarboxylate.

This invention discloses a semiconductor power device disposed in a semiconductor substrate and having an active cell area and an edge termination area the edge termination area wherein the edge termination area comprises a superjunction structure having doped semiconductor columns of alternating conductivity types with a charge imbalance between the doped semiconductor columns to generate a saddle junction electric field in the edge termination.

Disclosed is a cable having reduced surface coefficient of friction, and the method of manufacture thereof, in which the central conductor core is surrounded by a sheath in which at least the outer portion is of non-metallic, polymeric material. A pulling lubricant is incorporated by alternate methods with the material from which the outer sheath portion is constructed and is effective to reduce the required pulling force on the cable during installation. Specific compositions are disclosed for cables of the NM and THHN type.

An aqueous dispersion coating for rubber and polymer substrates comprises a blend of a polysiloxane and a curable polyurethane and various additives such as a urethane crosslinking agent, a heat resistant filler, and the like. The aqueous dispersion coating reduces the noise upon contact or movement of the coated substrate with an article and maintains the initial static coefficient of friction therewith over a period of time. A desired end use is as a coating on vehicle weatherstrips such as for doors, trunks, and other enclosing articles.

The endless track of a track-propelled vehicle has an inner face provided with a series of longitudinally spaced guide blocks; the guide blocks have, on an opposite side faces thereof, pads made of low friction resin material to contact the mid rollers of the track assembly.

Disclosed are hydrophobic finish compositions and cementitious articles made with the hydrophobic finish compositions. In some embodiments, the article is a waterproof gypsum panel surface reinforced with inorganic mineral fibers that face a flexible and hydrophobic cementitious finish possessing beneficial waterproofing properties. These waterproof gypsum panels have many uses, such as, tile backer board in wet or dry areas of buildings, exterior weather barrier panel for use as exterior sheathing, interior wall and ceiling, and roof cover board having water durability and low surface absorption. The flexible and hydrophobic cementitious finish can include fly ash, film-forming polymer, preferably silane compound (e.g., alkyl alkoxysilane), an extended flow time retention agent including either one or more carboxylic acids, salts of carboxylic acids, or mixtures thereof, and other optional additives. Preferably a pre-coated non-woven glass fiber mat is employed to provide the inorganic mineral fibers for the surface reinforcement.