The invention discloses a deratization robot based on mode recognition and big data technology. The deratization robot based on mode recognition and big data technology comprises a mobile platform, further comprises a driving device, an electric storage system, an animal sound simulation device, a control device, a GPS positioning device, a rat processing system, an information collection system and a deratization system, all of which are arranged on the mobile platform; the control device is connected with control input ends of the driving device, the animal sound simulation device, the GPS positioning device, the rat processing device, the information collection system and the deratization system, the GPS positioning device is wirelessly connected with the an operation device, and a motion path extracting and analysis system, the operation device is wirelessly connected with the control device, the deratization system and the motion path extracting and analysis system, and the deratization system is wirelessly connected with the motion path extracting and analysis system. Mode recognition is carried out on characteristics on rats, the movable paths of the rats can be subjected tobig data analysis, the robot can be moved to the proper position at the proper time, the rats are killed, the deratization efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the deratization safety is improved.