46results about How to "Rate of reaction" patented technology

The rate of hydrogen generation in proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells is greatly accelerated by mixing a first aqueous alkali borohydride solution with a second aqueous solution in the presence of one or more transition metal catalysts:wherein the first solution comprises (a) 5 to 50 wt % MBH4, where M is an alkali metal, (b) 5 to 40 wt % alkali hydroxide or alkaline metal hydroxide, and (c) the balance water, and wherein the second solution comprises (a) 51 to 100% water, and (b) the balance, if any, comprising at least one water-soluble additive.

An electrochemical method and apparatus for high-amperage electrical energy storage features a high-temperature, all-liquid chemistry. The reaction products created during charging remain part of the electrodes during storage for discharge on demand. In a simultaneous ambipolar electrodeposition cell, a reaction compound is electrolyzed to effect transfer from an external power source; the electrode elements are electrodissolved during discharge.

The present invention relates to a preparation method of 4-isopropylamino-1-butanol, in which using cheap and readily available tetrahydrofuran and acetic acid solution of hydrogen bromide as starting materials to prepare a novel intermediate of 4-isopropylamino-1-acetoxyl butane and further obtain the target product. The present invention has advantages of convenient process operations, mild reaction conditions, economical and environment-friendly benefits, and suitability for industrial production to obtain the product with high purity and high yield.

Disclosed is a method of determining the presence of an analyte of interest by means of a detection of a reaction product between the analyte of interest and a reactant, the method comprising extracting the analyte of interest from a complex sample matrix; transferring the analyte of interest to an initial reaction mixture; performing a background measurement on the initial reaction mixture comprising at most a negligible concentration of the reaction product, wherein the reaction conditions present in said initial reaction mixture at least reduce the reaction rate of the formation of the reaction product such that the background measurement can be performed without a measurable change in said negligible concentration; altering the reaction conditions in the initial reaction mixture to accelerate said reaction rate; continuing said reaction until the concentration of the reaction product has stabilized; performing a second measurement on the resultant reaction mixture to obtain a signal correlated to said concentration; and determining the presence of the analyte of interest from a difference between the background measurement and the second measurement. In a preferred embodiment, the analyte of interest is Propofol (2,6-di-isopropylphenol), and the reactant is the activated Gibbs reagent (2,6-dichloroquinoneimine).