The invention relates to a machining method of a high-RRR-value high-purity niobium material and the niobium material for a radio frequency superconducting cavity. The machining method comprises the steps of ingot forging, blank saw cutting, blank surface machining, blank acid pickling, blank heat treatment, blank cogging, plate blank trimming, acid pickling, plate blank rolling, finished productdischarging, polish-grinding, acid pickling, finished product heat treatment, finished product shearing, primary fine polishing and finished product acid pickling. By means of the machining method, the grain size of a finished plate is kept between 4.5 grades and 5.5 grades, and the uniformity is good; the mechanical properties all meet the requirements, the transverse and longitudinal differenceis controlled within 15%, the tensile strength and yield are controlled within 10%, and the elongation is controlled within 10%; wherein the RRR value is controlled to be more than 300; the content ofgas elements can meet the requirements; and moreover, the product direct recovery rate is improved, the manufacturing cost of manufacturers can be greatly reduced, and mass production can be realized.