The invention discloses a rapid ciphertext retrieval method and system capable of resisting a statistical analysis attack, and belongs to the technical field of information safety. According to the method and system, rapid retrieval of mass of ciphertext documents can be achieved, and the statistical analysis attack can be effectively resisted. The system comprises a cloud storage system and a plurality of client sides, and the client sides are connected with the cloud storage system through a network. On the basis of the principle, after the client sides carry out initial index setting on documents hopefully uploaded by users on client sides, a false index is firstly set up, then, random filling is carried out on a real index and the false index to generate a safety index, and therefore statistical information of the documents can be effectively hidden, and the aim of resisting the statistical analysis attack is achieved. The method specifically comprises (1) system initialization, (2), ciphertext index setting and (3) document retrieval. The system and method have the advantages that the retrieval efficiency is high, accuracy is high, the communication cost is low, the statistical information of the documents can be effectively hidden, and the statistical analysis attack can be resisted.