The invention relates to a ciphertext indexing method for database encrypted fields and an in-base encryption system and belongs to the field of information security technology. According to the method, first, identification ID is mapped to encryption ID based on an encrypted field P1, (encryption ID, Hash value) is saved into a T2(ID2, P2), finally, a ciphertext index table T2 is established, and the table where the encrypted field P1 exists is recorded as T1, wherein the table T2 comprises a ciphertext index field P2, and fields ID2 in one-to-one correspondence with records in the T1 are recorded in the T2; and then, content of a to-be-encrypted field is mapped to the Hash value based on an order-preserving Hash function, equivalent query and range query of the encrypted field are realized based on the Hash value obtained after the record of the content of the to-be-encrypted field is mapped to the Hash value based on an encryption function, decryption is performed on the recorded ID2 according to query results to obtain a record set in the T1, and the record set is returned. Compared with the prior art, the method is good in reliability and high in universality, meanwhile has high security and can guarantee extremely high retrieval and storage efficiency.