The invention discloses an image compressed encryption method based on compressed sensing and a Chua's circuit. The method comprises the following steps of 1, generating a key related to plaintext according to an original image by using SHA-256; 2, performing iteration on initial values x02 and a02 to generate a chaos sequence t' and t'', and generating measurement matrixes FORMULA and FORMULA through performing iteration on t' and t''; 3, measuring sub-bands LH, HH and HL by different compression ratios; 4, quantizing to acquire an integer sequence z, and forming a matrix z'; 5, acquiring a diffusion matrix f'; 6, acquiring a matrix LL', and performing an XOR operation on the diffusion matrix f'; and 7, combining four sub-bands such as LL, LH, HL and HH, and scrambling the chaos sequencegenerated by x04 and a04 to acquire a final compressed encryption image E. According to the method the data transmission quantity can be reduced, the robustness of the image can also be enhanced, thesecurity is high, and particularly, the method is good in performance when being used for resisting shearing attacks and noise attacks.