297 results about "Metastability" patented technology

The invention relates to an apparatus and process for solid-state deposition and consolidation of powder particles entrained in a subsonic or sonic gas jet onto the surface of an object. Under high velocity impact and thermal plastic deformation, the powder particles adhesively bond to the substrate and cohesively bond together to form consolidated materials with metallurgical bonds. The powder particles and optionally the surface of the object are heated to a temperature that reduces yield strength and permits plastic deformation at low flow stress levels during high velocity impact, but which is not so high as to melt the powder particles.

A new class of light or reactive elements and monophase α′-matrix magnesium- and aluminum-based alloys with superior engineering properties, for the latter being based on a homogeneous solute distribution or a corrosion-resistant and metallic shiny surface withstanding aqueous and saline environments and resulting from the control during synthesis of atomic structure over microstructure to net shape of the final product, said α′-matrix being retained upon conversion into a cast or wrought form. The manufacture of the materials relies on the control of deposition temperature and in-vacuum consolidation during vapor deposition, on maximized heat transfer or casting pressure during all-liquid processing and on controlled friction and shock power during solid state alloying using a mechanical milling technique. The alloy synthesis is followed by extrusion, rolling, forging, drawing and superplastic forming for which the conditions of mechanical working, thermal exposure and time to transfer corresponding metastable α′-matrix phases and microstructure into product form depend on thermal stability and transformation behavior at higher temperatures of said light alloy as well as on the defects inherent to a specific alloy synthesis employed. Alloying additions to the resulting α′-monophase matrix include 0.1 to 40 wt. % metalloids or light rare earth or early transition or simple or heavy rare earth metals or a combination thereof. The eventually more complex light alloys are designed to retain the low density and to improve damage tolerance of corresponding base metals and may include an artificial aging upon thermomechanical processing with or without solid solution heat and quench and annealing treatment for a controlled volume fraction and size of solid state precipitates to reinforce alloy film, layer or bulk and resulting surface qualities. Novel processes are employed to spur production and productivity for the new materials.

A circuit design that contains at least two clock domains is simulated using a novel system and method for injecting the effects of metastability. The system includes detectors for detecting, during simulation, when a clock in a transmit clock domain and a clock in a receive clock domain are aligned and when the input of a register receiving a clock-domain-crossing signal is changing. The system includes coverage monitors for measuring, during simulation, statistics related to metastability injection. The system accurately models the effects of metastability by, at appropriate times during simulation, pseudo-randomly inverting outputs of registers receiving clock-domain-crossing signals. By accurately modeling the effects of metastability, errors in the circuit design can be detected while simulating a pre-existing simulation test. The simulation with metastability effects injection is repeatable and requires no modification of pre-existing RTL design files or simulation test files.

Systems and methods of generating ions at atmospheric pressure are presented. These systems and methods include spatially dependent analysis of a sample using an effusive ionization source. Systems and methods of isolating samples at atmospheric pressure are presented. These systems and methods include using a barrier to prevent metastables or electrons from an effusive ion source from reaching a sample unless the sample is in an analysis position. Systems and methods of using metastables in collisionally induced dissociation are presented.

A computer program (100, 200) encoded in a computer-programmable medium, and for causing a computer to perform circuit design. The code causes the computer to perform a set of steps. The steps comprise describing a first set of circuitry and describing a second set of circuitry. The steps also comprise describing a digital signal for passing from the first set of circuitry to the second set of circuitry and detecting (230) transitions of the digital signal with respect to a timing constraint (240) of at least a portion of the second set of circuitry. Lastly, the steps comprise, responsive to detecting metastability with respect to timing of a transition of the digital signal relative to the timing constraint of at least a portion of the second set of circuitry, forcing (160) the digital signal to a random value and passing the random value to the second set of circuitry.

A clock signal selector circuit is disclosed including a synchronizer circuit, two switching circuits, and a multiplexer. The synchronizer circuit synchronizes a first control signal to a first clock signal, thereby producing a second control signal. A first switching circuit produces the first clock signal at a first node when the second control signal is asserted. The multiplexer drives a second node with a signal at the first node when the second control signal is asserted. The second switching circuit forms an electrical connection between the first and second nodes when the second control signal is deasserted. The two switching circuits significantly reduce a probability of error at the second node due to metastability when the second control signal transitions from asserted to deasserted and the first clock signal is deselected. The second switching circuit provides electrical feedback from the second node to the first node.

Mechanisms for modeling metastability decay through latches in an integrated circuit model are provided. Asynchronous clock boundaries are identified in the integrated circuit model and latches in a receive clock domain are enumerated. Latches within a range of the asynchronous clock boundary are selected for transformation. These latches are transformed into metastability decay latches using new latch primitive logic that models the decay of an indeterminate value. The metastability decay latches maintains an indeterminate value during a metastability time period and achieve a randomly selected logic value at the end of the metastability time period. The transformed integrated circuit model may then be simulated and the results analyzed to generate reports of the integrated circuit model's operation. The transformed integrate circuit model more accurately represents the actual operation of the hardware implementation of the integrated circuit model.