The invention discloses an agricultural management and control system based on an IOT (Internet of Things) cloud platform, and relates to the IOT and agriculture crossing field. The system comprises amobile client, an IOT platform, and a local control terminal. The mobile client is connected with the IOT platform through the Internet or a mobile network, so as to complete the remote control and management of a local network. The IOT platform is connected with the local control terminal through the Internet, so as to complete the local data collection, calculation and optimization. The systemcan monitor the growth environment information of plants in real time, completes the safety data storage, calculation and analysis of mass data, quickly generates optimal data of the growth of plantsthrough the calculation capability of the cloud platform and an optimization algorithm, and sequentially drives execution systems to carry out the agricultural management. Meanwhile, the system carries out the analysis of the collected images of plants from plantation to harvesting through the image recognition technology, judges the production conditions, timely monitors the disease conditions, achieves the timely adjustment of the environment, reduces the loss, improves the yield, and promotes the industrialized and intelligent agricultural production.