The invention discloses a high-efficiency seed labeling method which can be used for propagation of a plant male sterile line, and brings convenience for hybrid seed production. Furthermore, the invention provides a new method for high-efficiency propagation of the plant male sterile line by utilizing nucleotide sequences that controls plant male fertility and special grain shapes, e.g. size, length, width, thicknesst, etc.; and a transgene technology. According to the invention, the wild-type nucleotide sequence for controlling the male fertility and the nucleotide sequence for controlling the grain shapes are linked and transferred into conventional corns, and then a back cross into a homozygous recessive male sterile line is carried out; and the obtained transgene plant is hybridized with the homozygous recessive male sterile line to simultaneously obtain a lot of seeds of the sterile line and the maintainer line. Due to the effect of the nucleotide sequence for controlling the grain shapes, the seeds can be distinguished into the sterile line and the maintainer line through the grain shapes, wherein the seeds with normal shapes are the sterile line (without transgene sequences), and the seed with abnormal shapes (e.g. small grains) are the maintainer line.