The invention discloses a teriparatide freeze-dried pharmaceutical composition and a preparation method thereof, and the teriparatide freeze-dried pharmaceutical composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 part of teriparatide, 50-150 parts of mannitol, 5-50 parts of lactose, 0.1-1 part of menthol, 0.1-0.5 part of sodium acetate, 0.1-0.5 part of glacial acetic acid, and a proper amount of a pH regulator for regulating the pH value to 3.0-6.0. The administration mode of the teriparatide freeze-dried pharmaceutical composition is sublingual administration, the formula of the teriparatide freeze-dried pharmaceutical composition provided by the invention does not contain a bacteriostatic agent, so that the toxicity to a human body is less, in addition, the administration mode of the teriparatide freeze-dried pharmaceutical composition is sublingual administration, injection administration is not needed, and the application range is wide. The pricking feeling caused by administration is reduced, the sterile risk in clinical use is reduced, and the compliance of a patient is improved.