The invention discloses a preparation method of a clay-based composite phase-change energy storage deicing (snow melting) material. The preparation method is characterized in that a composite phase-change energy storage material is prepared from a low-temperature organic phase-change material and a clay material, wherein the low-temperature organic phase-change material is prepared by single-element or multi-element mixing of various organic phase-change materials and is then physically compounded with the treated clay to prepare the clay-based composite phase-change energy storage deicing (snow melting) material. The low-temperature organic phase-change material is selected from polyethylene glycol-300, polyethylene glycol-400, polyethylene glycol-500, polyethylene glycol-600, decyl alcohol, undecanol, dodecanol, heptylic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, capric acid, methyl laurate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octodecane, nonadecane and the like. The clay material is selected from kaolinite, montmorillonite, bentonite, vermiculite, halloysite, sepiolite, attapulgite, perlite, diatomite, rectorite, zeolite, silicon dioxide, dolomite, calcite and illite. The prepared composite phase-change energy storage deicing (snow melting) material is proper in phase-change temperature (0-5 DEG C), high in phase-change latent heat and high in heat stability.