The invention belongs to the technical field of food chemistry, and provides a method for measuring pyrethroid pesticides in grain by dispersion liquid micro-extraction-high performance liquid chromatography. Thymol or choline chloride is used as a hydrogen-bond acceptor, valproic acid, hexylic acid, heptanoic acid, caprylic acid, n-nonanoic acid or capric acid is used as a hydrogen-bond donor, the mole ratio of the hydrogen-bond acceptor to the hydrogen-bond donor is 1/5, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 1/1, 2/1, 3/1 or 4/1; a hydrophobic eutectic solvent formed by mixing the hydrogen-bond acceptor and the hydrogen-bond donor is used as an extraction agent, liquid micro-extraction is performed, and the pyrethroid pesticides in grain are measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of being simple to operate, quick, sensitive, less usage of extraction agent, easy to collect, green and environment-friendly, can be used for detecting pyrethroid pesticides in a number of grain samples. The usage of harmful organic solvent can be avoided, and less extraction agent is used; and the method has the significant advantages of being simple and quick to operate, easy to collect, green and environment-friendly, and good in reproducibility.