The invention discloses a resin-based high-strength wear-resistant grinding wheel material. The resin-based high-strength wear-resistant grinding wheel material is prepared from modified phenolic resin, epoxy resin, powder butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, polyurethane elastomer, polyvinyl butyral, iron disulfide, copper powder, zinc oxide, graphite, hollow ceramic balls, corundum, carborundum, talcum powder, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, boron oxide, boron nitride, chromic oxide, nanosilicon dioxide, a silane coupling agent, namely KH-550 and wear-resistant auxiliary agents. The invention further provides a preparation method of the resin-based high-strength wear-resistant grinding wheel material. The resin-based high-strength wear-resistant grinding wheel material is excellent in wear resistance, good in bonding performance and high in hardness; heat resistance and hardness of a resin grinding wheel are improved; cracks formed due to rigid grinding are reduced; heat is dissipated fast; a great amount of heat released in the cutting process of the grinding wheel can be dissipated fast and conveniently; and the effect that the cutting temperature is lowered is achieved.