The invention discloses an automatic cleaning system used for a residential photovoltaic system and a judgment method. The automatic cleaning system comprises a pressurizing module and a spraying module, tap water in residential houses, well water or natural lakes are taken as water sources, and water is sprayed out by the spraying module after being pressurized through the pressurizing module, sothat water droplets are evenly sprayed to the surface of a photovoltaic module, natural rainfall is simulated, and the cleaning purpose is achieved; and a control module comprises a site sensing unit, a data collecting unit, a backstage analysis unit and a front end control unit, the site sensing unit detects the surface cleanliness degree of the photovoltaic module in real time and transmits a signal to a data collecting unit, the data collecting unit collects the signal of the site sensing unit and transmits the signal to the backstage analysis unit, after judgment and analysis by the backstage analysis unit, the signal is sent out again, the signal that whether cleaning is conducted or not is output through the front end control unit to the pressurizing module. According to the scheme,the automatic cleaning system can complete intellectualization operation and optimization efficiency of automatic cleaning through the control module according to actual demand analysis.