The invention discloses a method for predicting the brittleness of a compact oil reservoir. The method comprises the following steps: S01, adding an ellipsoidal pore with a fixed aspect ratio to a feldspar mineral; S02, calculating a bulk modulus and a shear modulus of a mixed mineral matrix by combining quartz minerals, carbonate minerals, and pyrite minerals; S03, on the basis of an SCA theory, mixing the feldspar mineral with the mixed mineral matrix based on a proportion to form a siltstone rock skeleton; S04, adding a micro crack into the rock skeleton by using a differential equivalent medium (DEM) model; S05, adding clay minerals into the rock skeleton in an inclusion body manner according to different mineral aspect ratios; and S06, calculating a speed, a Young's modulus, a Poisson's ratio and a brittleness index of the rock. According to the disclosed method, for the compact oil reservoir with low porosity, low permeability and internal complex structure, a brittle rock physics model is constructed by combining the SCA with the DEM model, so that the internal structure of the compact oil siltstone reservoir is described well.