The invention provides a device and method for measuring slippage among a gas phase, a liquid phase and a solid phase in a shaft annulus. The device is composed of an annulus shaft, an improved PIV system, a constant-current method device, a high-speed camera, a stirring pool, an impurity pump, an air compressor, a pressure sensor, a flow meter, a pipeline and a valve. The PIV system, the laser induction technology, the refraction index matching technology, the constant-current method and the high-speed camera recording technology are combined for the first time, and the slippage characteristics in flowing of the air phase, the liquid phase and the solid phase in the shaft annulus are systemically studied through transparent drilling fluid and transparent rock debris. According to the device and the method, the specific expressions of the laws and the slippage speeds of slipping modes when debris and gas flow in the gas phase, the liquid phase and the solid phase in the shaft annulus are obtained through tests for studying the stickness of different types of drilling fluid, drilling fluid flow, debris concentration and the section air voids factors, and effective technology support is provided for process design and well control safety of well drilling.