1548results about How to "Reduce dispersion" patented technology

A method and apparatus are provided for targeting lipid-rich tissue to effect a desired, the method/apparatus involving irradiating the lipid-rich tissue with energy at a wavelength preferentially absorbed by lipid cells, such wavelength being preferably in a band between 880 nm and 935 nm, 1150 nm and 1230 nm, 1690 nm to 1780 nm, or 2250 nm to 2450 nm with a fluence and duration sufficient to achieve a desired treatment. For preferred embodiments, the irradiation wavelength is between 900–930 nm, 1190–1220 nm, 1700–1730 nm, or 2280–2350 nm. The method and apparatus may for example be used to target one or more sebaceous glands for the treatment of acne or hair removal, to target subcutaneous fat for removal thereof or for targeting fat on anatomical elements for various purposes.

An compact and rugged antenna system particularly suited to direction finding includes a plurality of antenna arrays for receiving respective frequency bands and colocated on a mast with separation between antenna arrays along the mast. The mast includes a coil wound of an insulator and functioning as a loaded inductor to shift the mast resonance out of the frequency band of the antenna system. A VHF dipole array having elements shaped to reduce scattering to UHF and SHF arrays is supported on movable arms which allow retraction that reduces height and provides mechanical protection to one or more other arrays as well as damping against vibration by contacting the mast with shaped portions of the dipole elements. The bowtie elements of the UHF array are angled at a central region to optimize array diameter at low UHF frequencies. A finned RF electronics housing is preferably provided which reduces solar loading and dissipates heat from antenna electronics. Asymmetrically keyed fittings are provided to permit accurate antenna system, array and element positioning and replaceable components and wiring, both internally and externally of the housing, is held in position to allow field repairs without recalibration.

An optoelectronics chip-to-chip interconnects system is provided, including packaged chips to be connected on printed-circuit-board (PCB), multiple-packaged chip, optical-electrical(O-E) conversion means, waveguide-board, and PCB. Single to multiple chips interconnects can be possible using this technique. The packaged-chip includes semiconductor-die and its package based on the ball-grid array or chip-scale-package. The O-E board includes the optoelectronics components and multiple electrical contacts. The waveguide board includes electrical conductors transferring signal from O-E board to PCB and the flex optical waveguide easily stackable onto the PCB, to guide optical signal from one chip-to-other chip. The chip-to-chip interconnects system is pin-free and compatible with the PCB. The main advantages are that standard packaged-chip and conventional PCB technology can be used for low speed electrical signal connection. Also, the part of the heat from the packaged chip can be transmitted to PCB through conductors, so that complex cooling system can be avoided.

A wireless broadband communications system that can transmit signals over communications links with multiple modes of diversity, thereby allowing signals having very low correlation to propagate over the link along multiple orthogonal paths. The system can be implemented as a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) system or a line-of-sight (LOS) system. The NLOS system employs orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) waveforms to reduce multi-path interference and frequency selective fading, adaptive modulation to assure high data rates in the presence of channel variability, and spectrum management to achieve increased data throughput and link availability. The LOS system employs space-time coding and spatial and polarization diversity to minimize ground bounce nulls. The system achieves levels of link availability, data throughput, and system performance that have heretofore been unattainable in wireless broadband communications systems.

An aspect of the present invention relates to a magnetic recording medium comprising a magnetic layer containing a ferromagnetic powder and a binder on a nonmagnetic support, wherein the ferromagnetic powder has a hexagonal ferrite structure, the magnetic layer comprises a coefficient of friction-lowering component in the form of nonmagnetic inorganic particles, and a compound in which a substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group is directly substituted on an aromatic ring.

An optical fiber includes: a core at a center; a first cladding layer; a second cladding layer; and a third cladding layer. A maximum refractive index of the core is greater than any of maximum refractive indices of the first cladding layer, the second cladding layer, and the third cladding layer, and the maximum refractive index of the second cladding layer is smaller than any of the maximum refractive indices of the first and the third cladding layer. Additionally, a ratio of a₂/a₁ is not less than about 2.5 and not more than about 4.5, where a1 represents the radius of the core, and a2 represents the radius of an outer periphery of the first cladding layer, and a relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to a maximum refractive index of the third cladding layer is not less than 0.20% and not more than 0.70%.

The invention relates to apparatus, methods and computer program code for equalisation. A soft-in-soft-out (SISO) equaliser for use in a receiver for receiving data from a transmitter configured to transmit data from a plurality of transmit antennas simultaneously is described. The equaliser comprises at least one received signal input for inputting a received signal; a plurality of likelihood value inputs, one for each transmit antenna, for inputting a plurality of decoded signal likelihood values from a SISO decoder; a processor configured to determine from said plurality of signal likelihood values an estimated mean and covariance value for a signal from each of said transmit antennas; an expected signal determiner coupled to said processor to determine an expected received signal value using said mean values; a subtractor coupled to said received signal input to subtract said expected received signal value from said received signal to provide a compensated signal; a filter coupled to said subtractor to filter said compensated signal to provide a plurality of estimated transmitted signal values, one for each said transmit antenna; a filter coefficient determiner coupled to said processor to determine coefficients of said filter using said covariance values; and an output stage coupled to said filter to output a plurality of transmitted signal likelihood values, one for each said transmit antenna, for input to said SISO decoder.

An optical detection system comprising an electromagnetic radiation source, a source radiation focusing and collimating means, a photodetector, an emitted radiation focusing means and a source radiation blocking panel. The radiation source is used to direct source radiation onto a sample which is disposed in a sample platform. The source radiation focusing and collimating means is disposed between the radiation source and the sample for focusing and collimating the source radiation onto the sample. The photodetector is adapted for receiving radiation emitted from the sample which has been focused by the emitted radiation focusing means. The source radiation blocking panel, disposed between the source radiation focusing and collimating means and the sample, is unique in that it is capable of reducing light scattering and interference, such that a clear signal from each individual sample can be obtained by the photodetector.

A solid electrolyte structure (1) for all-solid-state batteries includes a plate-like dense body (2) formed of a ceramic that includes a solid electrolyte, and a porous layer (3) formed of a ceramic that includes a solid electrolyte that is the same as or different from the solid electrolyte of the dense body (2), the porous layer (3) being integrally formed on at least one surface of the dense body (2) by firing. The solid electrolyte structure can reduce the contact resistance at the interface between the solid electrolyte and an electrode.

The number of grains in active regions of devices can be made uniform by making the grains of crystalline semiconductor films, obtained by thermal crystallization using a metal element, smaller. The present invention is characterized in that a semiconductor film is exposed within an atmosphere in which a gas, having as its main constituent one or a plurality of members from the group consisting of inert gas elements, nitrogen, and ammonia, is processed into a plasma, and then thermal crystallization using a metal element is performed. The concentration of crystal nuclei1 generated is thus increased, making the grain size smaller, by performing these processes. Heat treatment may also be performed, of course, after exposing the semiconductor film, to which the metal element is added, to an atmosphere in which a gas, having as its main constituent one or a plurality of members from the group consisting of inert gas elements, nitrogen, and ammonia, is processed into a plasma.

The invention provides an electronic circuit, a driving method for an electronic circuit, an electro-optical device, a driving method for an electro-optical device, and an electronic apparatus which can reduce the dispersion of the threshold voltages of transistors. A driving transistor, first and second switching transistors, an adjustment transistor, a coupling capacitor, and a holding capacitor form a pixel circuit. The threshold voltage of the adjustment transistor is applied to the gate of the driving transistor. According to the present invention, the luminance gradation of a display element, such as an organic EL element, can be precisely controlled according to a data voltage.

Disclosed is a pulsed arc welding method using a pulse current of alternately repeating first and second pulses as a weld current, wherein the first pulse and the second pulse have a pulse waveform of a different pulse peak current level and a different pulse width, respectively, and the following conditions are satisfied: peak current of the first pulse (I_p1)=300 to 700A; peak period (T_p1)=0.3 to 5.0 ms; base current I_b1=30 to 200A, base period (T_b1)=0.3 to 10 ms; peak current of the second pulse (I_p2)=200 to 600A; peak period (T_p2)=1.0 to 15 ms; base current (I_b2)=30 to 200A; and base period (T_b2)=3.0 to 20 ms. In this manner, the consumable electrode arc welding using carbon dioxide gas alone or a mixed gas made mainly of carbon dioxide gas as a shield gas can benefit from stabilized welding arc, improved regularity of droplet transfer, and significantly reduced generation rates of spatters and fumes.

Methods and instruments for assessing bone, for example fracture risk, in a subject in which a test probe is inserted through the skin of the subject so that the test probe contacts the subject's bone and the resistance of the test bone to microscopic fracture by the test probe is determined. Macroscopic bone fracture risk is assessed by measuring the resistance of the bone to microscopic fractures caused by the test probe. The microscopic fractures are so small that they pose negligible health risks. The instrument may also be useful in characterizing other materials, especially if it is necessary to penetrate a layer to get to the material to be characterized.

In a magnetoresistive effect element using a ferromagnetic tunnel junction having a tunnel barrier layer sandwiched between at least a pair of ferromagnetic layers, a magnetization free layer comprising one of the ferromagnetic layers is composed of a single layer of a material having an amorphous or microcrystal structure or a material layer the main portion of which has an amorphous or microcrystal structure. The magnetoresistive effect element can produce excellent magnetic-resistance characteristics, and a magnetic memory element and a magnetic memory device using the magnetoresistive effect element as a memory element thereof can improve both of write and read characteristics at the same time.