62 results about "Subtractor" patented technology

Devices, systems, and methods for reconfigurable butterfly architectures are provided. A reconfigurable butterfly operator circuit includes a single multiplier configured to receive a first variable and a twiddle factor and produce a product, first and second modular subtractors coupled to the multiplier, the first modular subtractor coupled to receive input coefficients and provide a modular difference, and the second modular subtractor coupled to receive the product, a modular adder coupled to receive the input coefficients and provide a modular sum, and multiplexers coupled to (i) provide the input coefficients to the modular adder, (ii) provide the first variable and the twiddle factor to the multiplier, (iii) and receive the modular difference from the first modular subtractor, respectively, each of the multiplexers coupled to receive a control signal that selects whether the circuit is configured as a Gentleman-Sande butterfly operator circuit or a Cooley-Tukey butterfly operator circuit.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a digital timing skew compensator, including: a first polyphase adaptive filter bank having a first input and a first output; a first input matrix coupled to the first input of the first polyphase adaptive filter bank; a first subtractor coupled to the first output of the first polyphase adaptive filter bank, wherein the first subtractor removes a first signal generated by the first polyphase adaptive filter bank from digital outputs of sub analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) of a time-interleaved ADC to create a desired signal, wherein the desired signal is coupled to the first input matrix; a modulation matrix that modulates the digital outputs of the sub-ADCs to create a modulated signal vector; a second polyphase adaptive filter bank having a second input and a second output; a second input matrix coupled to the second input of the second polyphase adaptive filter bank; and a second subtractor coupled to the second output of the second polyphase adaptive filter bank, wherein the second subtractor removes a second signal generated by the second polyphase adaptive filter bank from the modulated signal vector to create an error signal, wherein the error signal is coupled to the second input matrix. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Devices, systems, and methods for secure modular addition and subtraction are provided. A modular adder and subtractor circuit with masking circuit includes an arithmetic to Boolean (A2B) conversion operator configured to convert (i) a second sum and (ii) a value determined based on a first sum, to Boolean resulting in first and second Boolean values, a shifter configured to (i) make a most significant bit of the first Boolean value a least significant bit resulting in a shifted first Boolean value and (ii) make the most significant bit of the second Boolean value a least significant bit resulting in a shifted second Boolean value, and a Boolean to arithmetic (B2A) conversion operator, configured to convert a representation of the shifted first Boolean value and a representation of the shifted second Boolean value to arithmetic representation resulting in first and second arithmetic values, respectively.

The application discloses a kind of anti-rising sine tracking differential devices and methods, by first subtracter to input signal and the output signal of second integrator carry out subtraction operation, the output result of subtracter is input to first integrator and is integrated, and the output result of first integrator is input to second integrator and is integrated;By delay ware to the output result of second integrator is delayed, the output result of first integrator and input signal are input to second subtracter and carry out subtraction operation, and the output result of second subtracter and the output result of second integrator after time delay are transmitted to third subtracter and carry out subtraction operation, obtain anti-rising sine tracking differential signal.The application subtracts the sum of first integration result and second integration result after time delay from input signal, can improve the cut-off speed of output differential signal, improves the tracking efficiency of differentiator.

Provided are feedforward amplifier circuit, audio amplifier and audio playing device, including: a main amplifier circuit, an adder circuit, a sub-amplifier circuit and a subtractor circuit, wherein the main amplifier circuit adds distortion to a first input signal to output a distorted signal, and inputs the distorted signal to the adder circuit and the subtractor circuit for performing feedforward correction; the sub-amplifier circuit amplifies a second input signal and serves as a positive input of the subtractor, so that a signal gain output by the subtractor is equal to a signal gain of the main amplifier; the subtractor circuit, with the distorted signal as a negative input, reversely amplifies the distorted signal and afterwards performs feedforward; and the adder circuit superimposes the distorted signal output by the main amplifier circuit and the reversely amplified distorted signal output by the subtractor, so as to output a distortion-free signal.

The application discloses a kind of secondary steam temperature process signal differential control method and system, utilize first subtracter to carry out subtraction operation to secondary steam temperature process signal and the second integrator output second integral signal, obtain feedback output signal;Utilize first integrator to integrate feedback output signal, obtain first integral signal;Utilize second integrator to integrate first integral signal, obtain second integral signal;Utilize first addition module to process first integral signal, obtain first superimposed signal;Second superimposed signal is obtained by using second addition module to process second integral signal;Utilize second subtracter to subtract first superimposed signal and second superimposed signal, obtain first subtraction signal, utilize fixed proportion controller to obtain fixed proportion control signal;Utilize third adder to superimpose secondary steam temperature process signal and fixed proportion control signal, obtain fixed proportion fastest tracking differential signal.The embodiment of the application provides a kind of secondary steam temperature process signal differential control method and system, improve the output tracking input differential tracking efficiency of secondary steam temperature process signal.

The invention discloses a lightweight embedded serial input conversion unit, which is used for designing an in-memory calculation circuit supporting lower-overhead floating-point number reference shift. The invention provides a lightweight input counter-pointing shift architecture, which comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating the exponent sum of a group of inputs and weights in parallel, finding out the maximum value, subtracting 1 from the maximum value per cycle, observing whether the maximum value is equal to other exponent sum values or not, and generating mantissa serial shift control signals of corresponding inputs, thereby realizing global counter-pointing shift. Compared with a traditional floating point alignment shifting scheme, the floating point alignment shifting method has the advantages that a barrel-shaped shifter, a subtracter and a parallel-to-serial circuit which are large in area are prevented from being used, and the floating point calculation function is achieved with smaller hardware expenditure.

The invention relates to a superspiral sliding mode active disturbance rejection control strategy based on a four-active bridge converter, and the method comprises the following steps: employing an extended state observer to estimate uncertain factors, unmodeled dynamics and coupling terms in a system, putting the disturbance estimation into superspiral sliding mode closed-loop control for elimination, and independent control of voltages of all ports is realized. After voltage and phase shift of each port of the four-active bridge converter are input into an extended state observer to estimate total disturbance of a system, given voltage is input into a differential tracker to eliminate influence of sudden change of the given voltage on a control effect, and obtained tracking voltage and observed voltage of the observer are input into a subtractor for subtraction; the method comprises the following steps of: inputting the obtained error quantity into a sliding mode controller, obtaining a phase shift ratio di through corresponding operation, giving phase shift ratios d2, d3 and d4 between primary and secondary side ports, generating corresponding PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) signals, driving corresponding switching tubes to be switched on and switched off, and realizing independent voltage control and more efficient and reliable control operation of each port.

A calculator for calculating a plurality of square roots includes a memory array, at least two registers, a bit subtractor, and a controller. The memory array is organized into columns and rows. The registers store a fixed value. The controller, operatively coupled to the other components, allocates a first set of rows to test variables and a second set to result variables, and initially stores each of a plurality of radicands in a separate column. For multiple iterations, the controller concurrently activates selections of rows to form current operands and current guesses for each column. The controller then instructs the bit subtractor to perform subtraction operations. For each column with a positive subtraction result, the controller selectively writes a new bit of the square root and selectively overwrites values with a new remainder derived from the subtraction result, without performing an explicit data-shifting operation.

This invention discloses a differential control method and system for the main steam pressure process signal. The method involves acquiring the main steam pressure process signal of a thermal power unit, subtracting the main steam pressure process signal from a second integral signal output by a second integrator using a first subtractor to generate a feedback output signal, integrating the feedback output signal using the first integrator to obtain a first integral signal, integrating the first integral signal using a second integrator to obtain a second integral signal, processing the second integral signal using an adjustable proportional control module to obtain an adjustable proportional control signal, and processing the main steam pressure process signal and the adjustable proportional control signal using a second subtractor to obtain a cosine-type tracking differential signal. This invention improves the differential tracking efficiency of the main steam pressure process signal by subtracting the main steam pressure process signal from the corresponding adjustable proportional control signal.

A device, system and method for cancelling echo at electronic devices are provided. The device comprises: a send path comprising a send input and output; a receive path comprising a receive input and output; an echo estimator engine that determines an estimate of echo, on the send path; a subtractor engine subtracts the estimated echo from a send signal received at the send input; a delay buffer engine; and an adder. The delay buffer engine provides, to the adder engine, a delayed-attenuated portion of a receive signal, received at the receive input, delayed by a given delay period corresponding to at least a delay of the echo between the receive path and the send input. The adder engine adds the delayed-attenuated portion to the send signal. The echo estimator engine determines the estimated echo using at least the delayed-attenuated portion of the receive signal added to the send signal.

This invention claims protection for an adaptive background calibration system for pipelined ADCs, comprising: a sample-and-hold module, a first conversion unit, a second conversion unit, a low-speed, high-precision ADC, a pipelined ADC to be calibrated, an LMS adaptive filter, and a subtractor; capable of calibrating linear errors in the pipelined ADC caused by non-ideal factors such as capacitor mismatch, finite op-amp gain, and op-amp offset. By using a low-speed, high-precision ADC as a reference, connected in parallel with the pipelined ADC to be calibrated, and sending the difference between their digital outputs to a digital adaptive filter for processing, the output of the pipelined ADC continuously approximates the output of the low-speed, high-precision ADC, thereby achieving digital calibration. During this process, the normal conversion process remains unaffected and the conversion speed of the original ADC is not reduced, offering advantages such as high calibration accuracy, fast convergence speed, and strong tracking capability.

According to various embodiments, a security device is provided comprising a modular reducer configured to perform a modulo reduction by a modulus of each binary number of a sequence of binary numbers forming a data word, wherein each binary number consists of n bits by one or more first iterations comprising, in reaction to a first detector of the security device detecting that the most significant bit (MSB) of the binary number is set, changing the binary number by deleting its MSB and adding the difference between 2n−1 and the modulus to the binary number, followed by one or more second iterations comprising, in reaction to a second detector of the security device detecting that the MSB of the sum of the binary number with the difference between 2n−1 and the modulus is set, setting the binary number to that sum, wherein the MSB of the sum is deleted.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a digital timing skew compensator, including: a first polyphase adaptive filter bank having a first input and a first output; a first input matrix coupled to the first input of the first polyphase adaptive filter bank; a first subtractor coupled to the first output of the first polyphase adaptive filter bank, wherein the first subtractor removes a first signal generated by the first polyphase adaptive filter bank from digital outputs of sub analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) of a time-interleaved ADC to create a desired signal, wherein the desired signal is coupled to the first input matrix; a modulation matrix that modulates the digital outputs of the sub-ADCs to create a modulated signal vector; a second polyphase adaptive filter bank having a second input and a second output; a second input matrix coupled to the second input of the second polyphase adaptive filter bank; and a second subtractor coupled to the second output of the second polyphase adaptive filter bank, wherein the second subtractor removes a second signal generated by the second polyphase adaptive filter bank from the modulated signal vector to create an error signal, wherein the error signal is coupled to the second input matrix. Other embodiments are disclosed.

The application relates to a programmable frequency divider and a phase-locked loop, the programmable frequency divider comprising a plurality of cascaded subtractors, a period end detection module and a delay reset circuit, wherein the plurality of cascaded subtractors are connected to corresponding initial value signals, under the triggering of a clock signal to be divided, the signals output by the plurality of cascaded subtractors correspond to the output results of decrement, and under the condition that the signals output by the plurality of cascaded subtractors reach a period end condition, the period end detection module outputs a period end signal to the delay reset circuit based on the signals output by the plurality of cascaded subtractors and the period end condition. Under the condition that the delay reset circuit receives the period end signal, a reset trigger signal is output to each subtractor so as to reset each subtractor. After a preset delay time length of the delay reset circuit after the reset trigger signal, a work trigger signal is output to each subtractor so as to make each subtractor work and enter the next round of decrement cycle operation.

The application discloses a control circuit and a control method of a power factor correction circuit, and relates to the field of power converters.The control circuit comprises a current reference signal generating circuit, a current sampling circuit, a first subtractor, a first calculation unit, a current loop and a control signal generating circuit.The current reference signal generating circuit generates a current reference signal, the current sampling circuit outputs a current sampling signal, the first subtractor generates a first error signal according to the current sampling signal and the current reference signal, the first calculation unit generates a first parameter and a second parameter according to the current reference signal, the current loop generates a current loop control signal according to the first error signal, the first parameter and the second parameter, and the control signal generating circuit generates a driving control signal according to the current loop control signal.The gradual control of the first parameter and the second parameter of the control circuit can overcome the contradiction between ITHD and input current peak oscillation, improve ITHD and avoid the problem of peak oscillation.

This invention discloses a fastest tracking differential device, method, and storage medium. It involves subtracting the input signal from a second integral signal using a subtractor to obtain an output feedback signal, integrating the feedback signal using a first integrator to obtain a first integral signal, integrating the first integral signal using a second integrator to obtain a second integral signal, delaying the first integral signal using a delay unit, and then adding the delayed first integral output signal and the feedback signal using an adder. Finally, it outputs the fastest tracking differential signal corresponding to the input signal. This invention achieves fastest tracking from the differential output to the input signal by performing addition based on the subtraction result after receiving the feedback and the first integral result after the delay. Compared to a tracking differential device based on a first-order inertial filter, the fastest tracking differential device significantly improves the differential tracking performance.

The application relates to the technical field of electric energy metering, in particular to a wide-frequency alternating-current power measuring device and method based on thermoelectric converters, wherein the device comprises a band-pass filter and a band-stop filter, and the fundamental wave voltage, the fundamental wave current, the harmonic wave voltage and the harmonic wave current are obtained based on the measured voltage signal and the measured current signal; the first adder and the second adder and the first subtractor and the second subtractor output the fundamental wave component and the harmonic wave component; the first to fifth thermoelectric converters perform electric-thermal conversion to obtain equivalent direct-current parameters corresponding to the fundamental wave component and the harmonic wave component; and the sampling microcontroller obtains the fundamental wave power, the harmonic wave power and the fundamental wave power factor. According to the application, the measurement of the fundamental wave power and the harmonic wave power can be realized based on the thermoelectric converters under the condition that the voltage and current signals have harmonics, the fundamental wave power factor is obtained, the range width of the frequency response is improved, the cost of the high-frequency power measurement is reduced, and the accuracy and the practicability are higher.

This invention claims protection for a digital back-end calibration system for pipeline ADCs, comprising a down-conversion unit, an ADC to be calibrated, a low-speed, high-precision ADC, an LMS adaptive filter, and a subtractor; it solves the problem of decreased system accuracy in pipeline ADCs due to inter-stage gain errors. An inverse hyperbolic tangent function is introduced into the original algorithm model to construct a nonlinear functional relationship between the step size and the error signal, jointly constraining the step size value so that the current step size value is related to the square of the ratio of the current error to the previous error, improving the convergence speed of the algorithm. Simultaneously, step size normalization processing is combined to increase the range of step size selection and improve stability. A low-speed, high-precision ADC is used as a reference, connected in parallel with the ADC to be calibrated, and the difference between their digital outputs is sent to the LMS adaptive filter for processing, so that the output of the ADC to be calibrated continuously approaches the output of the low-speed, high-precision ADC, while the conversion process of the original ADC remains unaffected, achieving the purpose of digital calibration.

This invention discloses a constant current control system and method for a primary-side feedback converter, comprising a main topology circuit and a control system. The control system includes an excitation current simulation module, an output current average value calculation module, a PID control module, and a PWM drive module. This control system is connected to the switching power supply in the main topology circuit to form a closed loop. The excitation current simulation module includes an integrator module, a proportional amplifier module, a first subtractor, a second subtractor, and a holding circuit module. The output current average value calculation module outputs the average current signal of the output diode to the PID control module based on the output signal and the primary-side current signal. The PID control module determines the switching cycle for the next cycle, and the PWM drive module outputs the drive signal for the switching transistors of the main topology circuit based on the switching cycle. This invention can achieve a high-precision constant output current through a primary-side feedback control method.

The application discloses a variable modulus addition operation device based on constant addition and subtraction, an operation method and related devices, and provides a variable modulus addition operation device based on constant addition and subtraction. The variable modulus addition operation device comprises a first adder, a constant subtractor, a first CNOT gate and a controlled constant adder which are connected in sequence. The constant in the constant subtractor and the controlled constant adder is a modulus. The variable modulus addition operation device is used for calculating the modulus addition operation result of two input data to be added and the modulus. For any two input data to be added, the modulus addition operation result of the data and the modulus preset in the variable modulus addition operation device can be calculated.

The application discloses a method and circuit for eliminating the influence of metastable state of non-binary differential analog-digital converter, which comprises a non-binary differential analog-digital converter using a synchronous clock for processing an input differential analog signal to obtain two strings of non-binary digital codes; an N-ary code decoder for translating the two strings of non-binary digital codes output by the analog-digital converter into two strings of N-ary digital codes; and an N-ary subtractor for subtracting the two strings of N-ary digital codes translated by the N-ary code decoder to obtain a string of N-ary digital codes. The application solves the problem of error code of single-ended digital code generated when the non-binary differential analog-digital converter generates metastable state, eliminates the influence of metastable state, and guarantees the normal function of the non-binary differential analog-digital converter.

There is provided a system comprising a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) circuit (1), the circuit comprising two identical loops (12, 14) arranged in parallel, including a first loop and a second loop, each loop comprising a plurality of delay elements arranged in series, each loop forming a free-running oscillator configured to oscillate between two states. One or more challenges are applied to the PUF circuit, each challenge forming a dual challenge comprising a first challenge applied to the first loop (12) and a second challenge applied to the second loop (14). The PUF circuit (1) further comprises a subtractor (16) configured to receive, as inputs, the number of oscillations in the first loop and the number of oscillations in the second loop for each applied challenge, and to determine a difference value corresponding to the difference between the received number of oscillations. The system is configured to generate, during a key generation phase, a secret key comprising a set of bits in response to application of a registered challenge to the PUF circuit (1), each bit of the secret key corresponding to the applied registered challenge if a difference satisfies a reliability condition, and if the difference satisfies the reliability condition, the set of bits of the secret key corresponding to the applied registered challenge. And corresponding to the sign of the difference provided by the subtractor (16) in response to the applied registered challenge.

The application relates to a noise reduction system and method based on a sequence pipeline transposed RDFxLMS, wherein a FIR filter and a secondary path adopt a transposed form, the key path in the algorithm structure is short, and the clock speed of the system can be greatly improved. In the algorithm, an input signal is filtered through a FIR filter module to obtain a filter output. An error calculation module mainly comprises a transposed FIR filter and a subtractor, and is used for calculating an error signal between the filter output and an expected output. A weight value updating module calculates new weight values according to the error signal and the filter input, and stores the new weight values in a weight value memory. A secondary path module is used for correcting an error gradient estimation value of the LMS algorithm, so that the convergence performance of the filter is improved. A secondary path output is calculated according to the new weight values and the filter input, and the secondary path output is added to a main path output to obtain a final output signal. The secondary path output signal is used for correcting the weight values of the main path, so that the noise reduction effect is improved.

The utility model relates to three operational amplifier subtraction operation circuit device, its circuit actual object can adopt high -quality PCB welding technology to integrate each component and its connecting circuit, to ensure that circuit connection is stable and reliable, solve the time -consuming and labor -intensive problem when student builds the circuit, form the flexible and efficient special experimental circuit board of wiring. A plurality of test points are reserved on the circuit, can be convenient for student to use multimeter, oscilloscope and other instruments real -time measurement each node's voltage, current and the like parameter, be convenient for observation circuit dynamic change, and the design of gain regulator and connector makes student can conveniently adjust the gain of circuit, studies the influence of gain on circuit performance, simultaneously, this design also is convenient for teacher to demonstrate on the classroom, through the regulation gain, intuitively shows the influence of gain on output signal amplitude, deepens the understanding of gain concept of student, improves teaching use efficiency.

The application relates to a controller and a control method for inhibiting magnetic bias of an asymmetric half-bridge converter. The application comprises a CS sampling / holding module for receiving a primary-side current sampling signal and outputting a holding value; a CS linear compensator for generating a first compensation quantity; a VCr asymmetric detection module for calculating the difference between two sampling values; a Ton nonlinear compensator for generating a second compensation quantity; a minimum arbitrator for selecting a smaller value from the first compensation quantity and the second compensation quantity and outputting a control correction quantity; a subtractor for generating a dynamic reference voltage signal for turning off a high-side switch according to the control correction quantity; and a PWM logic control module for comparing the primary-side current sampling signal and the dynamic reference voltage signal during the conduction of the high-side switch, and outputting a turn-off instruction for driving the high-side switch to turn off by a high-side drive module when the primary-side current sampling signal reaches the dynamic reference voltage signal. The application can eliminate the magnetic bias problem under the wide input range working condition.

The application belongs to the field of analog integrated circuit design, and particularly relates to a redundant current range current steering DAC based on digital pre-distortion. The application carries out rotation correction through an improved DEM decoding circuit, measures and quantizes error codes corresponding to the static mismatch error of each current unit, and reduces the circuit area and the influence of additional circuit parasitic on the DAC speed without additional control circuit. A redundant current unit is introduced at the highest bit to expand the quantization range, and the error code and clipping problem introduced by DPD correction are solved. Only a simple algorithm of a 14-bit adder and a 14-bit subtractor is needed to directly operate on binary codes, and a secondary decoding is used to realize thermometer code addition operation compatible with DEM, so that the timing delay and circuit complexity of the thermometer code addition circuit are greatly reduced. The circuit timing delay of the application meets the speed requirement of high-speed and high-precision current steering DAC, and compared with DEM correction only, the application significantly improves the SFDR without raising the noise floor.

The invention relates to a polynomial multiplication circuit for Kyber acceleration, and belongs to the field of anti-quantum encryption. The circuit comprises a hash generation module, a signal control module, an address generation module, a BRAM group and a butterfly operation module, wherein the butterfly operation module comprises a modular adder module, a modular subtractor module, a shifter module and a modular multiplication operation module. According to the invention, the shifter is used for replacing division operation, and in hardware, compared with multiplication operation, bit shifting is simpler and quicker to realize. The dot multiplication module design is based on a karastuba algorithm, the number of operation times can be effectively reduced in the polynomial multiplication process, and the operation speed is increased; according to the invention, the four parallel butterfly operation units are designed to carry out pipeline operation, and the utilization rate of resources can be effectively improved in the NTT operation process, so that the resource consumption of the whole circuit is reduced.

Proposed are a circuit and method for predicting a softmax low-probability output, and a softmax calculator. The circuit may include a first-in first-out (FIFO) memory configured to store all elements of a quantized input vector, and an accumulator configured to cumulatively add all the elements. The circuit may also include a shifter configured to calculate an arithmetic mean of all the elements by performing a right shift on a cumulative sum of all the elements. The circuit may further include a subtractor configured to calculate a result of subtracting the arithmetic mean from a specific one of all the elements, and a comparator configured to compare the subtraction result with a specific constant.