32 results about "Ceramic sintering" patented technology

This invention discloses a method for simulating and testing ceramic sintering stress and a method for reducing ceramic sintering stress. The simulation and testing method includes: 1. Measuring the grain size, relative density, and geometric dimensions before and after sintering; 2. Using Abaqus to establish the ceramic geometry and construct a transient heat conduction model; 3. Establishing the viscoelastic constitutive equation for the sintering shrinkage deformation of zirconia ceramics and constructing a sintering shrinkage model; 4. Sequentially coupling the transient heat conduction model and the sintering shrinkage model to perform joint simulation of solid-state sintering, obtaining the simulation results of ceramic sintering stress. The method for reducing ceramic sintering stress includes: 5. Establishing a finite element model of ceramic sintering shrinkage with proportionally distributed grain sizes and calculating the average sintering stress distribution of the grain size proportional distribution model; 6. Comparing the average sintering stress of sintering shrinkage models with different grain size proportions to determine the method for reducing sintering stress. This invention improves ceramic sintering quality and production efficiency.

This invention belongs to the field of ceramic sintering technology, specifically relating to a ceramic sintering furnace and its usage method. The ceramic sintering furnace includes a first channel, a second channel, and a transfer mechanism. The first and second channels are two parallel channels physically separated by heat-insulating partitions. The first channel contains a heating chamber, a cooling chamber, and a first conveying mechanism, with the heating and cooling chambers arranged sequentially along the material conveying direction. The second channel contains a cooling chamber and a second conveying mechanism. Placement plates are fixedly connected at equal intervals along the conveying direction to both the first and second conveying mechanisms, and sintering units are placed on the placement plates. The transfer mechanism is located at the transfer port between the first and second channels. This invention uses two independent channels, completing sintering and primary cooling in the first channel and secondary cooling in the second channel. A specific staggered stacking layout is used to stack the ceramic green bodies, effectively improving production capacity and product yield.

This suppresses cracking in the columnar portion during the firing of ceramic cores. [Solution] The manufacturing method disclosed herein includes: preparing an outer mold having an internal cavity; placing an inner mold 50 having a columnar member 30 and a water-soluble molded body 20 in the internal cavity; filling the space between the outer mold and the inner mold 50 with a molding material F and solidifying it; dissolving the water-soluble molded body 20 with an aqueous solvent; and firing the molding material F and the columnar member 30. The columnar member 30 is a ceramic sintered body or glass. The water-soluble molded body 20 includes a through hole 22 into which the columnar member 30 is inserted, and damming portions 23 provided at both ends 22a and 22b in the axial direction of the through hole 22, which are in close contact with the outer surface of the columnar member 30. This makes it possible to manufacture a high-precision ceramic core while suppressing cracks in the columnar portion.

The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramics, and relates to an AlN composite ceramic with a high-temperature wetting phase as well as a preparation method and application of the AlN composite ceramic. The preparation method of the AlN composite ceramic comprises the following steps: carrying out ball-milling mixing on AlN, an additive and praseodymium oxide, then drying, sieving, and carrying out dry pressing and isostatic pressing to obtain an AlN green body; the AlN green body is subjected to debonding treatment, and an AlN prefabricated body is obtained; carrying out high-temperature reaction on the AlN preform in an inert atmosphere to obtain a high-temperature wetting phase; and further raising the temperature to sinter and densify to obtain the AlN composite ceramic. The AlN ceramic device is prepared from praseodymium oxide, so that a high-temperature wetting phase uniformly-distributed three-dimensional network structure can be formed in the ceramic, and the mechanical property of the AlN ceramic is improved while the sintering densification of the AlN ceramic is promoted.

The proposed ceramic sinter body contains a first determined element, selected from five or six elements chosen from titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum, hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), and tungsten (W); a second determined element, selected from yttrium (Y) and aluminum (Al); and elemental carbon (C). The total amount of the first determined element, the second determined element, and the elemental carbon contained in the ceramic sinter body is 98 atomic percent or more. The amount of the second determined element contained in the ceramic sinter body is 3,000 atomic ppm or less. The amount of carbon contained in the ceramic sinter body is 45 atomic percent or more and 55 atomic percent or less. The ceramic sinter body has a single-phase microstructure in which the first determined element forms a solid solution.

This invention discloses a low-temperature sintering method for aluminum nitride ceramics, belonging to the field of ceramic sintering technology. The method includes: Step S1: Preparation of composite powder – Aluminum nitride powder and bifunctional eutectic additive powder are uniformly mixed to form a mixed powder. The bifunctional eutectic additive powder includes metal fluorides, alkaline earth metal compounds, and rare earth oxides, with a total addition amount of 3-10 wt% of the aluminum nitride powder mass; Step S2: Molding – The above mixed powder is dry-pressed or cold isostatically pressed to obtain a green body; Step S3: Sintering – The green body is placed in an atmosphere sintering furnace and sintered under a nitrogen atmosphere; Step S4: Cooling – After sintering, the cooling rate is controlled within the grain boundary phase precipitation temperature range to optimize the crystallization morphology of the grain boundary phase, and then cooled with the furnace. This application utilizes a designed low-eutectic additive system to generate a large amount of effective liquid phase at 1450-1550℃, reducing the main sintering temperature to 1550-1650℃, which is more than 200℃ lower than the sintering temperature of traditional Y2O3 additives, resulting in significant energy savings and reduced consumption.

A ceramic sintered body which contains a first particular element consisting of five or six elements selected from among titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), and tungsten (W); a second particular element consisting of one element selected from yttrium (Y) and aluminum (Al); and elemental carbon (C). The total amount of the first particular element, the second particular element, and elemental carbon contained in the ceramic sintered body is 98 at % or more. The amount of the second particular element contained in the ceramic sintered body is 3,000 at. ppm or less. The amount of carbon contained in the ceramic sintered body is 45 at % or more and 55 at % or less. The ceramic sintered body has a single phase microstructure in which the first particular element forms a solid solution.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a novel powder for sintered body production for manufacturing a ceramic sintered body having excellent electrical properties; a method for producing the novel powder for sintered body production; a ceramic sintered body having excellent electrical properties; and a method for producing the ceramic sintered body. The powder for sintered body production according to the present invention contains a metal element M satisfying the following condition A, has a crystal structure selected from among the pyrochlore structure and the spinel structure, and is synthesized by a liquid phase method. (Condition A) The metal element M is a combination of a metal element M1 that is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Zn, Cd, Hg, Bi, Pb, and rare earth elements, and a metal element M2 that is at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, Sn, Ti, Zr, V, Mo, Pt, Ru, Ir, Si, Ge, Hf, Nb, Ta, and Sb.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of pipe clamp, and disclose ceramic sintering pressure pipe clamp, including pipe clamp main part, the position fixedly connected with reinforcing clamping assembly has near both ends of the outer wall of pipe clamp main part, reinforcing clamping assembly includes the fixed ring of fixedly connected pipe clamp main part, the side fixedly connected with a plurality of arc clamping pieces that are circumferentially even distribution of fixed ring away from pipe clamp main part, the arc clamping piece thickness gradually increases from the one end near fixed ring to the one end away from fixed ring, the arc clamping piece outside thread connection has the thread fastening ring, and reinforcing clamping assembly is even from the outside and holds tightly pipeline, and the anti -skid grain of cooperation inner wall anti -skid layer constructs " the three -fold stable mechanism of fit - hold tightly - antiskid removes ", in high -pressure, high -frequency vibration scene, can effectively offset the vibration impact, avoid connecting loose, and the connection reliability under the complex working condition is greatly promoted.

This suppresses cracking in the columnar portion during the firing of ceramic cores. [Solution] The manufacturing method disclosed herein includes: preparing an outer mold 10 having an internal cavity 16; placing a water-soluble molded body 20 having through holes 22 in the internal cavity 16; inserting a columnar member 30 into the through holes 22; filling the space between the outer mold 10 and the water-soluble molded body 20 with a molding material F and solidifying it; contacting the water-soluble molded body 20 with an aqueous solvent to make it disappear; and manufacturing a ceramic core by firing the molding material F and the columnar member 30. In this manufacturing method, the columnar member 30 is a ceramic sintered body or glass. This allows the firing process to be carried out while ensuring sufficient strength of the columnar member 30, thereby suppressing cracks in the columnar member 30 during firing.

This invention proposes a homogenization method and system for sintering simulation of ceramic lattice structures, belonging to the field of ceramic additive manufacturing and numerical simulation technology. The method includes: acquiring macroscopic displacement time-series data by constructing a lattice structure model and an equivalent homogeneous structure model; simulating the evolution of macroscopic displacement based on the established sintering process proxy model; pre-training the sintering process proxy model using a joint loss function with physical constraints; and performing global optimization based on a differential evolution algorithm to inversely solve for the equivalent constitutive parameters of the homogeneous structure, ensuring that the displacement time-varying curves of the homogeneous structure and the ceramic lattice structure are consistent under the same sintering process. This invention uses ceramic sintering displacement as the core indicator for homogenization equivalence, which can significantly reduce the trial-and-error costs and computational resource consumption in the process development of large ceramic lattice structures, thus providing effective theoretical guidance for ceramic additive manufacturing.

The utility model discloses a 100W angle sheet porcelain shell resistor, especially relates to resistor structure field, including the resistor shell body and ceramic closure made of ceramic, both cooperation uses, and the inside symmetry of resistor shell body inserts electrode angle sheet, and the perforation of electrode angle sheet is set up on the closure and lets electrode angle sheet pass, and the resistance core is placed between two electrode angle sheets, and the alloy wire is uniformly wound on the resistance core, and the inner chamber of electrode angle sheet is filled with the encapsulation material, and the resistor shell body is the porcelain shell that the ceramic sintering of the alumina content in 45%~95%, and the alumina content of resistance core is 95%, because ceramic is an excellent electrical insulating material, and using ceramic as the shell body can provide good electrical insulation performance, increases the safety and reliability of resistor, uses ceramic as the shell body, avoids the short circuit problem between the shell body and electrode after alloy wire fusing after product short circuit, and also saves the production line of the insulating sheet that sets up alone, saves the cost simultaneously and also need not consider assembly error.

The application discloses 3D printing silicon carbide ceramics and a preparation method and an article thereof, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing silicon carbide. The application mainly introduces natural plant fibers for the first time in the binder jetting 3D printing, effectively improves the forming strength and stability of the prefabricated green body in the printing stage, carbonizes and forms a carbon skeleton in the degumming process, the carbonized natural plant fibers react with the infiltrated liquid silicon as a carbon source, in-situ generates fibrous beta-silicon carbide phase, thereby increases the silicon carbide network cross-linking structure and the content of silicon carbide of the composite structure. Thus, by introducing the environment-friendly and renewable natural plant fibers, the application not only improves the forming strength of the prefabricated green body, but also realizes in-situ conversion of the carbon source in the sintering process, significantly improves the mechanical properties and purity of the final 3D printing silicon carbide ceramic sintered product, and has a wide application prospect in the fields of semiconductor devices, optical components and wear-resistant parts.

This invention relates to ceramic sintered bodies and electrodes for plasma generation. The ceramic sintered body comprises: a first specific element, which is composed of five or six elements selected from titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), and tungsten (W); a second specific element, which is composed of one element selected from yttrium (Y) and aluminum (Al); and carbon (C). The total content of the first specific element, the second specific element, and carbon in the ceramic sintered body is 98 at% or more, the content of the second specific element in the ceramic sintered body is 3000 atppm or less, the content of carbon in the ceramic sintered body is 45 at% or more and 55 at% or less, and the ceramic sintered body has a single-phase structure in which the first specific element is dissolved.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of pressure -bearing disc, and disclose ceramic sintering wear -resisting pressure -bearing disc, including pressure -bearing disc body, the inside fixed of pressure -bearing disc body is equipped with arc plate, and arc plate's board material is titanium alloy, The lower fixed of arc plate is equipped with support column, and support column is fixedly arranged with pressure -bearing disc body, the utility model discloses through the arc plate of titanium alloy material quality fixed setting in pressure -bearing disc body, and is equipped with support column below arc plate. Titanium alloy has high strength, low density and good corrosion resistance, the structure of arc plate can better disperse pressure, in combination with the supporting effect of support column, greatly enhance the overall structural strength and stability of pressure -bearing disc body, make it not easy to deform when bearing larger pressure, can adapt to the working environment of high load.

The application discloses a partition type superhigh-temperature fluid electric heater based on carbon-carbon composite material and a heating method thereof, which comprises a heater shell, a partition type heating assembly, an electrode energization assembly and a temperature reduction and cooling assembly; the partition type heating assembly is installed inside the heater shell and is divided into at least two independent heating areas along the medium flow direction; the electrode energization assembly is arranged on the heater shell and is electrically connected with the heating pipe; the temperature reduction and cooling assembly is arranged on the heater shell at a position corresponding to the electrode energization assembly; the carbon-carbon composite material is adopted as the high-temperature section heating pipe material, so that the long-term working temperature of the heating pipe reaches 1600 DEG C or above, the temperature resistance bottleneck of 1000 DEG C of the traditional metal heating element is completely broken through, the extreme temperature process requirements of advanced ceramic sintering, superhigh-temperature heat treatment and the like are met, and the application range of the superhigh-temperature electric heater is widened.

The application belongs to the field of microwave dielectric ceramic and its manufacturing, and particularly relates to a non-stoichiometric Li3Mg2NbO6-BaV2O6 composite LTCC dielectric ceramic and a preparation method thereof, which is suitable for low-temperature co-fired ceramic LTCC microwave devices and radio frequency communication fields. Under the premise of not introducing additional fluxing agents, the low-temperature sintering characteristics and the positive temperature frequency coefficient characteristics of BaV2O6 are fully utilized to realize the synchronous regulation of the sintering temperature of Li3Mg2NbO6 ceramic and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency, while maintaining a relatively high quality factor. Considering that the vanadium component is prone to volatilization loss at an isothermal region close to or higher than 700 DEG C and 800-900 DEG C, a non-stoichiometric rich addition measure is adopted to weaken the local non-stoichiometry and defect increase phenomenon caused by vanadium volatilization, so as to reduce the dielectric loss, further improve and stabilize the Qxf of the composite system, and improve the sample batch consistency.

This invention discloses a silicon carbide ceramic sintering furnace atmosphere homogenization device based on airflow microcirculation in the field of silicon carbide sintering technology. The device includes: several guide plates disposed on the inner wall of the furnace chamber, with a gas channel between the guide plates and the inner wall of the furnace chamber; several fan components disposed within the gas channel; and the guide plates dividing the inner cavity of the furnace chamber into several control zones along the axial direction, with temperature detectors disposed within each control zone. This invention divides the furnace chamber into multiple independent microcirculation control zones by setting multiple sets of annular guide plates, and configures an independent microcirculation fan in each control zone. When there is a temperature difference between adjacent control zones, the fan component in the lower-temperature control zone operates and cooperates with the guide plates to generate local eddies. This forces the atmosphere deposited at the edge of the furnace chamber to mix with the atmosphere in the center, resulting in a uniform distribution of the atmosphere inside the furnace chamber, a uniform temperature distribution inside the furnace chamber, and improved density uniformity of the sintered products.

The application provides a full-spectrum complex-phase fluorescent ceramic and a preparation method and application thereof. 1‑x‑y Sr y AlSiN3:xEu (0 1‑x‑a‑b Y a Gd b )3(Al 1‑c Ga c )5O 12 :xCe (0 12 The short-time ceramic sintering and the faster temperature rising and falling rate in the application effectively slow down the grain growth in the ceramic sintering process, and in the short-time sintering process, the nitride powder forms the oxide phase in situ without causing large decomposition or sintering so as to make it invalid. In short, through the short-time high-temperature pulse sintering, the sintering densification of the complex-phase ceramic is promoted, and the nitride phase is avoided from being oxidized in the long-time high-temperature process to cause the sharp drop of the luminous efficiency.

This utility model discloses an active metal brazing ceramic substrate multilayer sintering device in the field of ceramic sintering equipment technology. It includes a furnace body, a connecting seat inside the furnace body, a sliding groove on the connecting seat, and an mounting plate slidably connected within the sliding groove. A first heating belt is arranged inside the furnace body to ensure uniform temperature distribution within the furnace body. A first placement plate and a second placement plate are arranged on the mounting plate, corresponding to each other, for placing the substrate. The mounting plate has mounting grooves. This utility model, by setting the spirally distributed first and second heating belts to work together, constructs a uniformly distributed thermal field environment axially and radially, eliminating the temperature difference between the edge and center of the equipment and avoiding sintering voids and welding defects caused by temperature gradients.

Provided is a method capable of improving the uniformity of mixing of ceramic powder and sintering aids. The method for manufacturing a ceramic mixed powder includes the following steps: a step of preparing a sintering aid by preparing a granulated powder containing sintering aid powder; and a step of mixing ceramic powder that is a base material and at least one sintering aid to produce a ceramic mixed powder.

This invention discloses a differential centrifugation method for separating α-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles based on morphological response differences, comprising the following steps: S1: Dispersing α-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.55 wt% in anhydrous ethanol, and continuously dispersing the particles using an ultrasonic device; S2: Centrifuging the resulting suspension at 10,000–15,000 rpm, discarding the lower precipitate, and retaining the supernatant; S3: Dispersing the supernatant again using ultrasonication under the same conditions as in step S1; S4: Centrifuging the dispersed system at 4,000–7,000 rpm at a medium speed, and collecting the lower precipitate; S5: Repeating the combined process of steps S2–S4 2–3 times, merging all precipitates obtained in the medium-speed centrifugation stage, and obtaining the target α-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles after drying. The particles obtained by this method exhibit higher polishing rates, lower surface roughness, and lower defect density in CMP, which improves density and grain uniformity in ceramic sintering. At the same time, the method has a clear process, adjustable parameters, and strong equipment versatility, and has significant potential for industrial scale-up and engineering applications.

The application relates to the field of ceramic processing or equipment, in particular to a ceramic sintering disc extrusion forming device which comprises a die base, an extrusion frame, an extrusion assembly and a demolding assembly, the extrusion frame is installed at the top of the die base, the top of the die base is provided with an extrusion cavity, the side of the extrusion cavity is surrounded with a fixing groove, the extrusion assembly comprises a punching cylinder, a telescopic rod, a mounting frame and an extrusion die, the side of the limiting ring is attached to the top of the extruded ceramic sintering disc, the ceramic sintering disc is limited, the extrusion die is slightly rotated by the demolding assembly, the extrusion die is separated from the ceramic sintering disc, the telescopic rod is retracted by the punching cylinder, the extrusion die is lifted, the demolding between the extrusion die and the ceramic sintering disc is easier, the limiting ring limits the ceramic sintering disc, and the ceramic sintering disc is prevented from being taken out in the lifting process of the extrusion die.

The present application relates to a ceramic sintered body and a method for manufacturing the same, and a nozzle member. The present invention provides a ceramic sintered body which is a ceramic sintered body containing boron nitride and silicon nitride, wherein the total content of the boron nitride and the silicon nitride is 80 to 90 mass%, the mass ratio of the boron nitride with respect to the total of the boron nitride and the silicon nitride is 35 to 45 mass%, and the Leeb hardness of the ceramic sintered body is 400 to 570 HL.

The utility model discloses a kind of automatic flaking device after square zinc oxide pressure-sensitive ceramic sintering, including operation platform, flaking groove is equipped on operation platform, the one end of flaking groove is equipped with discharge port, the upper of discharge port is equipped with automatic flaking machine, the side of flaking groove is equipped with automatic pusher mechanism;The automatic flaking machine includes the shell standing on operation platform, the side of shell is suspended in the upper of flaking groove, its inside is connected with flaking assembly and position sensing component;The flaking assembly includes the flaking knife extending to the shell below, and flaking knife is connected with reciprocating drive device.The system of the utility model has the characteristics of high degree of automation, time-saving and labor-saving, high flaking efficiency, and accurate and controllable operation, small residual piece risk, reliable product quality, reasonable design.

This application relates to the field of ceramic materials technology, specifically disclosing a ceramic material for PTC thermistors and its preparation method. The ceramic material for PTC thermistors includes the following raw materials: barium titanate, silane-modified alumina-coated lead tetroxide-silicon boride in-situ composite powder, rare earth oxides, alumina, ammonium polyacrylate, and polyvinyl alcohol. This application adds the silane-modified alumina-coated lead tetroxide-silicon boride in-situ composite powder to the ceramic material. The alumina directionally coats the lead tetroxide, effectively suppressing the volatilization of lead vapor during high-temperature sintering and improving the environmental friendliness of the ceramic material. Simultaneously, the in-situ composite bonding of lead tetroxide and silicon boride, combined with silane modification, improves the interfacial bonding ability between the composite powder and the barium titanate matrix, reducing internal stress during ceramic sintering and improving the mechanical properties of the ceramic material.

This invention discloses a high-throughput calcination apparatus for perovskite oxides, belonging to the technical field of perovskite preparation equipment. The apparatus includes a vacuum test tube chamber, ceramic sintering test tubes, enamel-lined test tube caps, a circular honeycomb calcination pan, a vacuum insulated cover, a rotary drive assembly, an electromagnetic robotic arm, a high-temperature resistant conveyor belt, an extended platform water-spraying cooling device, a vacuum pump, an inert gas storage tank, a temperature sensor, and a temperature controller. The vacuum test tube chamber is connected to the vacuum pump and inert gas storage tank for sample atmosphere pretreatment. The calcination pan has 30 independent calcination holes, each containing a spring-shaped silicon molybdenum rod heating element and a thermocouple temperature sensor, with independent temperature control by the temperature controller to achieve a maximum calcination temperature of 1300℃, temperature uniformity of ±5℃, and a heating rate of ≤10℃ / min. The electromagnetic robotic arm, in conjunction with the high-temperature resistant conveyor belt, enables automated sample loading, unloading, and sample transfer. The extended platform water-spraying cooling device is used for rapid and uniform cooling. This invention solves the problems of low efficiency, poor temperature control accuracy, and low automation of traditional calcination equipment. It can process 30 sets of samples at a time and is suitable for high-throughput screening and preparation of perovskite oxides.

The application belongs to the technical field of ceramic low-temperature sintering, and particularly relates to a low-temperature preparation method of nano alpha-Al2O3 ceramic. The application adopts a cold sintering process, takes aluminum hydroxide powder as raw material, and takes 2-20 wt.% deionized water as solvent to obtain dense alpha-AlOOH ceramic under 500-2000 Mpa uniaxial pressure, 200-500 DEG C heating temperature and 50-300 min holding time; then, through a low-temperature annealing process, complete phase change from alpha-AlOOH to alpha-Al2O3 is realized under 400-600 DEG C annealing temperature and 2-6 h holding time, and finally alpha-Al2O3 ceramic sintered body with 30-50 nm grain size is obtained. The method overcomes the technical difficulty that traditional alpha-Al2O3 ceramic sintering temperature is high and it is difficult to obtain nano-crystal structure ceramic sintered body, and provides a process method for preparing alpha-Al2O3 ceramic with nano-crystal structure at low temperature, which has short preparation period and strong operability.

This application relates to the field of ceramic sintering, and in particular to a rapid sintering method for forming alumina ceramics and its preparation method. By adding a small amount of calcium phosphate powder to the system, the flux can be protected through ion containment properties, and the carbon removal effect can be improved. At the same time, PMMA is used to form channels during heating, and PVA is used to provide the viscosity of the green body. Overall, the hot working performance of the system can be improved, the processing time can be shortened, and the overall mechanical properties can be improved.

The utility model belongs to oxygen lance technical field especially relates to a strong mixed type oxygen lance device for nonferrous copper side-blown converter, its characterized in be equipped with pre-mixing cavity between oxygen inlet and compressed air inlet in gun body, and the outlet side of gun body is equipped with mixing cone, and the mixing cone is connected with the inner wall of gun body through the rib plate, and the outer surface of mixing cone is evenly provided with a plurality of helical blades along the circumferential direction, and the inner nozzle is connected with the front side of gun body, and the oxygen inlet is connected to the rear side of gun body. The utility model has the advantages that: by setting pre-mixing cavity, and setting mixing cone at the outlet, the mixing of oxygen and compressed air is more sufficient, so that the combustion effect in side-blown converter is more stable; the gun body made of ceramic sintering part can avoid the adverse effect of the violent mixing of oxygen and compressed air on the surface quality of gun body.