Ceramic and carbon nano-fiber composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a ceramic and carbon nano-fiber composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method has a principle of directly growing carbon nano-fiber in a ceramic hole which is formed in a ceramic body in the ceramic forming process to prepare the ceramic and composite material. The specific process comprises the following steps: mixing a metallic catalyst and ceramics; inputting carbonous gas to a system in an intermediate stage of preparing the ceramics by sintering or pyrogenation; directly growing the carbon nano-fiber in the hole by utilizing the metallic catalyst formed in the ceramic hole; and further rising the temperature and sintering or pyrolyzing the ceramics which grows the carbon nano-fiber to prepare the carbon nano-fiber and ceramic composite material. Through the in-situ preparation method, the ceramic composite material with the uniformly-distributed carbon nano-fiber can be prepared. As the growing of the carbon nano-fiber is completed by one step in the process of sintering or pyrolyzing the ceramics, the flow process is simple and controllable, and has the characteristics of low preparation temperature; the composite materials with different shapes and sizes can be prepared; and the flow process can be applied to the preparation of the high-performance fiber reinforced ceramic composite material and in an application field thereof.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention relates to a ceramic and carbon nanofiber composite material and a preparation method, in particular to a one-step in-situ growth method to prepare a carbon nanofiber and a ceramic composite material, and belongs to the technical field of material preparation. Background technique [0002] Ceramics have the advantages of low density, high hardness, and excellent high temperature performance. They are important materials in high-tech and civil fields such as aerospace, energy and construction. Fiber composite ceramic materials use high-performance fibers to toughen and strengthen ceramics, prevent cracks, improve the mechanical properties of ceramics, and obtain materials with conductive and functional properties. Traditional fiber and ceramic composite materials are usually prepared based on micron-sized carbon fibers and ceramics. The preparation method is to prepare fibers into preforms, composite with ceramics through liquid or vapor infilt...

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Problems solved by technology

However, these methods have common problems, that is, carbon nanofibers are easy to agglomerate in ceramics, and it is difficult to achieve uniform compounding; at the same time, carbon nanofibers are randomly distributed in the matrix, non-oriented, and it is difficult to achieve higher volume dispersion due to agglomeration problems.

These difficulties are the main problems that limit the performance improvement of composite materials (X.T.Wang, N.P.Padture and H.Tanaka, "Contact-Damage-Resistant Ceramic / Single-Wall carbon Nanotubes and Ceramic / Graphite Composites," Nat.Mater.3, 539-544 (2004)

On the other hand, due to the distribution of carbon nanofibers on the surface of ceramic particles in these methods, it prevents the sintering between particles during the ceramic sintering process, making it difficult to densify the material, and the high temperature sintering or rapid plasma sintering used due to high Temperature, easy to damage the structure of carbon nanofibers in the composite, thereby affecting the performance of composites (C.Balazsi, Z.Konya, F.Weber, L.P.Biro and P.Arato, "Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Silicon Nitride Composites, "Materials Science and Engineering, 23, 1133-37(2003))

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