The invention discloses a method for preparing a PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) lithium ion battery diaphragm by electrostatic spinning. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing polyvinylidene fluoride glacial acetic acid solution with the concentration of 17-20 percent by weight; secondly, stirring the polyvinylidene fluoride glacial acetic acid solution to be uniform; thirdly, completely cooling the polyvinylidene fluoride glacial acetic acid solution at room temperature of 25DEG C to obtain spinning solution; fourthly, taking a proper amount of spinning solution by using an injector, placing the injector on an injection pump, connecting a needle head, clamping an anode of a high voltage static generator on the needle head, enabling a cathode of the high voltage static generator to be connected with a receiving screen, and laying tin foil paper on rollers; fifthly, setting the spinning speed, adjusting the spinning voltage and the spinning distance and then performing static spinning; after the spinning is ended, taking off the tin foil paper from the rollers to obtain the lithium ion battery diaphragm. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption, low production cost and high performances of products; the pore size and the film thickness can be flexibly controlled, the improvement on both the ionic transparency of the diaphragm and the cycle performance of the battery is facilitated, and a good marker prospect is obtained.