The invention discloses a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber-loaded nickel cobalt oxide composite electrode material. Polyaniline/polyacrylonitrile composite nanofiber is prepared through an electrostatic spinning technology; nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber is obtained after carbonization treatment, and the nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber has the advantages of high length-diameter ratio, low cost and the like; by lowering the diameter of the nanometer carbon fiber, the specific surface area of the nanometer carbon fiber can be enlarged, so that more contributions can be made for an electrical double-layer capacitor; in addition, by introduction of nitrogen atoms, the conductivity and the stability of the composite material can be improved; by virtue of nitrogen doping, a part of pseudocapacitor can be contributed, so that a supercapacitor assembled by the material can show higher specific capacitance; and the surface of the carbon nanofiber is loaded with NiCo<2>O<4> nanowires by adopting a solvothermal method, so that the composite electrode material has the characteristics of the faradaic pseudocapacitor and the electrical double-layer capacitor, and the overall specific capacitance of the electrode material can be improved.