139results about How to "Increased ion mobility" patented technology

The present application is directed to carbon materials comprising an optimized pore structure. The carbon materials comprise enhanced electrochemical properties and find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, as electrode material in ultracapacitors. Methods for making the disclosed carbon materials are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a method for preparing formic acid through electrochemical catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, and belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide recycling. In the method, a proton exchange membrane separates an electrolytic tank into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber, organic solvent / ionic liquid / water mixed solution in which a large amount of carbon dioxide is dissolved is injected into the cathode chamber, and aqueous solution containing supporting electrolyte is injected into the anode chamber; and after an electrolysis power supply is connected, the carbon dioxide undergoes electroreduction reaction on the cathode to form the formic acid. By the method, the organic solvent / ionic liquid / water mixed solution with the advantages of good conductivity, low viscosity, high capacity of dissolving the carbon dioxide, wide electrochemical window, and low use cost can be obtained, and when the carbon dioxide is electrically reduced in the mixed solution, the current density in the electroreduction reaction of the carbon dioxide can be improved and the electrocatalytic activity and long-time stability of a cathode material are improved.

The object of providing a non-volatile semiconductor memory that stands out by good scalability and a high retention time as well as ensures low switching voltages at low switching times and achieves a great number of switching cycles at good temperature stability is solved by the present invention with a semiconductor memory whose memory cells comprise at least one silicon matrix material layer with open or disturbed nanocrystalline or amorphous network structures and structural voids which has a resistively switching property between two stable states, utilizing the ion drift in the silicon matrix material layer. The memory concept suggested in the present invention thus offers an alternative to the flash and DRAM memory concepts since it is not based on the storing of charges, but on the difference of the electric resistance between two stable states that are caused by the mobility of ions in the amorphous silicon matrix material with an externally applied electric field.

Glass coating materials and methods are disclosed for the coating of glass substrates used in the manufacturer of photovoltaic solar modules such that the coating enhances the reliability of the module by reducing its susceptibility to potential induced degradation (PID). Coating materials are disclosed that reduce soiling on the front surface of the glass; that increase the surface resistivity of the glass and that repel moisture and that seal the surface from the ingress of moisture. Further electrically conductive coatings are disclosed that reduce the electric field between the front and back surfaces of the glass and hence reduce ion mobility within the glass and transport from the interior glass surface to the solar cell. There are additional configuration choices for fine tuning associated with separately optimizing the exterior and interior glass coating. Finally, coating processes and methods are disclosed for coating glass substrates with the disclosed materials.

Provided is an anode for a lithium secondary battery composed of a multi-layered structure including an electrode current collector, a first anode active material layer including a first anode active material formed on the electrode current collector, and a second anode active material layer including a second anode active material having relatively lower press density and relatively larger average particle diameter than the first anode active material.Since an anode according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a multi-layered active material layer including two kinds of anode active materials having different press densities and average particle diameters on an electrode current collector, porosity of the surface of the electrode may be improved even after a press process to improve ion mobility into the electrode. Thus, charge characteristics and cycle life of a lithium secondary battery may be improved.

The invention discloses a method for performing carbon coating modification on nano-powder by adopting a water-soluble polymer. The method comprises the following steps: weighing the water-soluble polymer (such as one or more of industrial modified starch, glucose and the like), surface active agent and the nano-powder according to the weight ratio of (0.1-10) : (0-5) : (80-100) as solid raw materials, preparing slurry with a dissolution and dispersion agent according to the solid-liquid ratio of (1-1000) g / 50mL, uniformly stirring and dispersing, then performing suction filtration (or centrifugation) and drying to get a precursor, and then annealing at the temperature of 300 DEG C-700 DEG C under a protective atmosphere to get the nano-powder with good carbon-coating property. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the surface uniform carbon coating can be effectively performed on nano-material, electron and ion migration ratio in the material can be accelerated, the agglomeration of the nano-material can be inhibited, the void ratio and the like of the material can be improved, and the performance advantages of the nano-material can be further enhanced.

An activated carbon having the highest peak D within the range of 1.0 nm to 1.5 nm, in which the peak D is from 0.012 to 0.050 cm3 / g and is from 2% to 32% to a total pore volume, in pore size distribution as calculated by BJH method from N2-adsorption isotherm at 77.4 K. An electric double layer capacitor comprising the polarizable electrode which comprises the activated carbon, carbon fiber, carbon black, and binder.

There is provided of an on mobility spectrometer for separating ions according to their on mobility comprising, in various aspects: a drift tube having therein a drift space and in the drift space at least two on separation paths of different lengths: a straight drift tube having therein a helical ion separation path; a helical on separation path surrounding an axially extending inner electrode assembly; and a drift tube for separating ions according to their ion mobility wherein a rotating arcuate electric field is applied in operation to separate ions having an ion mobility such that their rotational velocity in the drift tube is matched to the rotational velocity of the rotating arcuate electric field. Various methods for separating ions according to their on mobility are also provided.

The present application is directed to compositions and methods of preparing carbon materials. The carbon materials prepared according to compositions and methods described herein comprise enhanced electrochemical properties and find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, as electrode material in ultracapacitors.

This invention describes a sample collection method that could release and collect residues of explosives and other chemicals from a surface; the described method is implemented into a compact detection system that can be used as a “wand” for screening chemicals residues on a subject. The wand configuration includes multi-function for sampling and detecting multiple threads. The invention further describes a method of inspecting a subject using an interrogating apparatus in a sweeping motion; the near range closed loop particle sampling arrangement allows effective collection of particle and vapor residues from a targeted surface. The invention also describes a sampling and detecting apparatus for on-the-fly threat detection using compact ion mobility based detectors.

An electrolyte composition excellent in charge-transporting property that can be prepared with ease, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell that comprises the electrolyte composition to exhibit excellent cell characteristics while preventing leakage or depletion of the electrolyte composition. The electrolyte composition comprises: a particular molten salt; a polymer prepared by a reaction between an electrophile having at least two unsaturated bonds polarized by an electron-withdrawing group and a nucleophile having a plurality of nucleophilic groups; and a metal salt containing a Group IA metal ion or a Group IIA metal ion.

The invention discloses a high-nickel positive electrode material with a composite coating layer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing a high-nickel positive electrode material and a nano-coating material, and carrying out high-temperature sintering, cooling, crushing and sieving in a preheated muffle furnace under an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a nano-material-coated high-nickel positive electrode material; and (2) adding the high-nickel positive electrode material coated with the nano material into deionized water dissolved with a soluble lithium compound, uniformly stirring, slowly adding soluble phosphate, uniformly stirring, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying and re-burning in a kiln, cooling, crushing and sieving to obtain the high-nickel positive electrode material with the composite coating layer. According to the high-nickel positive electrode material with a composite coating layer and the preparationmethod thereof, multi-layer uniform coating of the nano material and phosphate is realized through dry-process and wet-process coating, and the prepared positive electrode material has the advantagesof good cycle performance, good thermal stability and the like, and the preparation process is simple, and the positive electrode material can be used for industrial mass production and has a wide application prospect in lithium ion battery production.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a graphene and ferrous disulfide composite positive electrode material. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) ultrasonically peeling graphite oxide to oxidized graphene to obtain an oxidized graphene colloid liquor, and reducing the oxidized graphene to graphene by a reducing agent; etching and washing to obtain graphene powder, and dispersing the graphene powder in acetone to obtain a graphene dispersion liquid; (2) preparing high purity ferrous disulfide nanocrystals by FeSO4, (NH2)2CS and PVP (Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone); (3) adding the ferrous disulfide nanocrystals into the graphene dispersion liquid, and mechanically stirring and mixing paste, heating, cooling and ball-milling and sieving the obtained mixed paste to obtain the graphene and ferrous disulfide composite positive electrode material. According to the composite positive electrode material prepared by the invention, high purity ferrous disulfide is prepared by a wet method to ensure the high energy density of ferrous disulfide. The material is covered by high purity graphene, so that the electric conductivity and ionic mobility of the material are improved.

The invention provides a preparation method of lithium yttrium halide and application thereof in a solid electrolyte and a battery. The preparation method of the lithium yttrium halide comprises the following steps: (1) supplying yttrium halide salt and lithium salt to a ball mill tank for mechanical synthesis; (2) annealing a mechanically synthesized product under the protection of inert gas to obtain the lithium yttrium halide with a chemical formula of Li3YAxB6-x, wherein A is Cl<-> and / or Br<->, and B is selected from at least one of I<->, F<->, BF<4->, PF<6->, BOB<->, TFSI<-> and FSI<->;x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 6. The method can be carried out under normal pressure, and the raw materials are low in cost; the prepared Li3YCl6 is high in thermal stability and high incrystallinity, and has relatively high electrical conductivity at normal temperature.

The invention discloses a functional nanoparticle and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps that 1) a siloxane precursor and water react under existence of a catalyst so that a prepolymer is obtained, wherein the siloxane precursor comprises at least one of the following function groups: amino, carboxyl, cyano, nitrogen heterocyclic and mercapto; and 2) the prepolymer and inorganic nanoparticles react in an organic solvent under the inert atmosphere so that functional nanoparticles are obtained. The preparation method is simple, stable in performance, low in price and convenient for industrial production and practical application. The functional nanoparticles are added to an electrolyte so that performance of the electrolyte can be obviously improved, e.g. the electrolyte can be gelatinized, and stability can be greatly enhanced. Besides, conductive capability and ion transmission and diffusion of the electrolyte can also be improved. Therefore, the functional nanoparticles are applied to a dye-sensitized solar cell so that open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell can be obviously enhanced.

The invention discloses a NiCl2-GICs composite anode material for a thermal battery and its preparation method. The anode material comprises NiCl2, graphite and alkali halide co-fused salt. The mass percent of the NiCl2 is 10-15%, the mass percent of the graphite is 55-70%m, and the mass percent of the alkali halide co-fused salt is 20-30%. The NiCl2-GICs composite anode material prepared by the invention has the advantages of being high in ion migration rate, good in thermal stability, strong in electrochemical activity, and others. The preparation method applies the dissolving property of NiCl2 in a fusing salt under high temperature, and reduces temperature for inserting action by the fusing salt method; besides, a fusing salt electrolyte shell encircled by fusing salt is applied, so that the NiCl2-GICs composite anode material is prepared. The method is high in atom utilization rate, free from waste discharge, and potential to apply to projects in a thermal battery product.

The invention discloses a lead-acid storage battery repairing liquid and a method for repairing the lead-acid storage battery by using the same, belongs to the field of the lead-acid storage battery, and solves the problems that a failure lead-acid storage battery caused by salinization is difficult to repair. The lead-acid storage battery repairing liquid comprises a catalytic complexing agent, a surfactant, a bulking agent, a sulfate additive and sodium p-toluenesulfonate. The method for repairing the lead-acid storage battery comprises the steps of (1) putting the storage battery in a container, injecting water to the container until a water level is flush with a middle cover of the storage battery, adjusting water temperature and charging the storage battery; (2) subjecting the storage battery to horizontal and vertical frequency wave vibration, taking out the storage battery and injecting the lead-acid storage battery repairing liquid; (3) connecting storage batteries with open circuit voltage differential voltage smaller than 0.3 V into a group in series; (4) charging for a plurality of times in different current, discharging at 2H rate and then charging for a plurality of times in different current; and (5) discharging redundant lead-acid storage battery repairing liquid. The horizontal and vertical frequency wave vibration allows lead sulfate to be smashed; the lead-acid storage battery repairing liquid allows the electrical conductivity of the storage battery to be enhanced and the internal resistance of the storage battery to be reduced; and the capacity of the lead-acid storage battery can be repaired to over 95% that of an original storage battery.

The invention discloses a high-voltage super-capacitor. The high-voltage super-capacitor comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, isolation paper and high-voltage-resisting electrolyte, wherein the high-voltage-resisting electrolyte comprises dissociative salt and a high-voltage stabilizer; and an electrode material of the high-voltage super-capacitor comprises electrode auxiliary materials including carbon nanotubes, nano aluminum oxide and the like. By improving the electrolyte and the electrode material and matching with a super-capacitor single body, the voltage of the super-capacitor single body is improved to 3V, a condition that gas is generated when the super-capacitor works at high voltage is remarkably reduced, and the long durability of the super-capacitor under a 3V working voltage is really realized; and tests show that the probability of switching on an explosion-proof valve is greatly reduced when the super-capacitor is operated for 1000h at constant temperature and constant voltage of 60 DEG C and 3V in a loaded manner, the resistance after operation is 1.94 times lower than that before operation, and the capacity keeping rate is 78.50% or more.

The invention discloses a silicate electrolyte for a battery, and the electrolyte comprises the following components by weight percent: 20-45% of sulfuric acid, 1-2% of ammonium phosphate, 10-15% of silicon dioxide, 2-3% of ammonium persulfate, 1-1.5% of sodium sulfate, 1-1.5% of potassium sulfate, 1-2% of polyacrylamide, 1-2% of dispersant, 2-3% of stabilizer, 3-5% of catalyst and the balance ofdeionized water, wherein the catalyst is one of basic salt, silane and silicone oil. The silicate electrolyte has the advantages of good performance, environment friendliness and favorable industrialapplication prospect.

The invention relates to a graphene-based flexile self-support mixed gel electrode and a preparation method thereof. In preparation, graphene oxide is reduced by adopting a hydrothermal method firstlyto obtain a graphene dispersion liquid; next, an active material and the graphene dispersion liquid are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed dispersion object; and finally, the mixed dispersion object is subjected to suction filtration and washing to obtain the graphene-based flexile self-support mixed gel electrode. Compared with the prior art, graphene is adopted in the invention to replace a conductive agent, a binder and a current collector in the conventional electrode, so that the a self-support mixed gel electrode thin film with high flexibility is obtained; and the electrode has excellent specific capacity and rate capability, can be applicable to multiple active materials and solution systems, and has relatively high application prospect in the fields of a battery, a supercapacitorand other energy storage systems or other functional composite materials.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a pseudocapacitor electrode based on femtosecond laser composite anodic oxidation and belongs to the field of processing and preparing of Faraday pseudocapacitor electrodes. The method comprises the following steps of (1) cleaning a copper foam material by using deionized water and anhydrous ethanol separately; (2) carrying out femtosecond laser surface processing treatment on a cleaned pure sample; (3) cleaning the sample subjected to femtosecond laser surface treatment again to remove surface scraps caused by laser processing; and (4) carryingout electrochemical anodic oxidation on the sample and preparing a flower-like pseudocapacitor electrode with a micro-nano composite structure. Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the pseudocapacitor electrode provided by the invention has the advantages that the method is implemented in an air environment all the way, a vacuum device is not needed, the preparation period is short and the pseudocapacitor electrode has good area-to-capacitance performance.

The invention relates to a method for preparation of a flexible self-support electrode with graphene as a conductive binder and an electrode. The preparation method includes: firstly mixing a grapheneoxide solution with an electrode active material evenly to obtain a mixed slurry; then drying the mixed slurry to obtain a three-dimensional aerogel; then molding the three-dimensional aerogel; and then conducting high-temperature calcination under gas protection so as to obtain the flexible self-support electrode. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention uses graphene toreplace the conductive agent, binder and current collector used in the traditional electrode, and acquires a good flexibility self-support electrode film, which can be applicable to a variety of active materials and solution systems, and has great application prospects in batteries, supercapacitors and other energy storage systems or other functional composite material fields.

An ion mobility separator 4 and a method of separating ions according to their ion mobility are disclosed. An RF ion guide is provided having a plurality of electrodes that are arranged to form an ion guiding path that extends in a closed loop. RF voltages are supplied to at least some of the electrodes in order to confine ions within said ion guiding path. A DC voltage gradient is maintained along at least a portion of a longitudinal axis of the ion guide, wherein the voltage gradient urges ions to undergo one or more cycles around the ion guide and thus causes the ions to separate according to their ion mobility as the ions pass along the ion guide. The closed loop ion guide enables the resolution of the ion mobility separator to be increased without necessitating a large device, since the drift length through the device can be increased by causing the ions to undergo multiple cycles around the device.