Functional nanoparticle and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional nanoparticle and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps that 1) a siloxane precursor and water react under existence of a catalyst so that a prepolymer is obtained, wherein the siloxane precursor comprises at least one of the following function groups: amino, carboxyl, cyano, nitrogen heterocyclic and mercapto; and 2) the prepolymer and inorganic nanoparticles react in an organic solvent under the inert atmosphere so that functional nanoparticles are obtained. The preparation method is simple, stable in performance, low in price and convenient for industrial production and practical application. The functional nanoparticles are added to an electrolyte so that performance of the electrolyte can be obviously improved, e.g. the electrolyte can be gelatinized, and stability can be greatly enhanced. Besides, conductive capability and ion transmission and diffusion of the electrolyte can also be improved. Therefore, the functional nanoparticles are applied to a dye-sensitized solar cell so that open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell can be obviously enhanced.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of modification of nanoparticles, and in particular relates to a functionalized nanoparticle and its preparation method and application. Background technique [0002] At present, electrolytes used in batteries are generally divided into three categories: liquid electrolytes, quasi-solid electrolytes, and all-solid electrolytes. Although the liquid electrolyte has the advantages of high conductivity and fast ion diffusion, the organic solvent used in it is volatile and highly toxic, resulting in poor battery stability and difficult packaging, which limits the long-term application of dye-sensitized solar cells. Although all-solid electrolytes do not have the above disadvantages, their ion mobility and hole transport rate are low, and their contact performance with the counter electrode is poor, resulting in generally low photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. Such quasi-solid electrolytes, which are betwe...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, most of the additives currently used have opposite effects on the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the battery, and few additives can improve these two parameters at the same time.

Such as: the addition of tert-butylpyridine makes TiO 2 The conduction band potential moves to the negative potential direction, which can increase the open circuit voltage, but also causes the excited state dye and TiO 2 The potential difference between the conduction band potentials is reduced, which is not conducive to the injection of photogenerated electrons into TiO 2 conduction band, thereby reducing the short-circuit current; another additive, LiI, can effectively increase the short-circuit current, but also reduce the open-circuit voltage; in addition, two commonly used electrolyte additives, 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) and N-methyl Benzimidazole (NMBI), after being added, can inhibit the reverse recombination of electrons, thereby significantly improving the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the battery, but the short circuit current is slightly reduced

[0004] In addition, most of the additives currently used are very expensive, and the liquid additives have the disadvantages of being volatile and unstable; while the solid additives are easy to precipitate, which seriously affects the performance of the electrolyte.

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