The invention provides a manganese cobalt oxide hollow microsphere material and a preparation method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving Mn(NO3)2 and Co(NO3)2.6H2O in deionized water, adding with anhydrous ethanol, and uniformly mixing the anhydrous ethanol and the deioinzed water; adding urea into the solution, transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and facilitating the reaction; centrifugally separating precipitates, washing the precipitates by utilizing deionized water and alcohol, and then drying the precipitates; and placing the precipitates in a muffle furnace, heating the muffle furnace to 600 DEG C, preserving the heat for 4 to 6 hours, and calcining the precipitates to obtain the hollow microsphere material assembled by manganese cobalt oxide nanoneedles. The diameter of the prepared manganese cobalt oxide nanoneedle is less than or equal to 30nm, and the diameter of the hollow microsphere is micron-sized (less than or equal to 6 micrometers). The manganese cobalt oxide hollow microsphere material is used as a lithium ion battery anode material, due to the special hollow structure, the cycling performance of the lithium ion battery can be improved, the performance is tested under the current density of 50 to 200 mAg<-1>, the primary discharging capacity can reach more than 1400mAhg<-1>, and the specific capacity still reach more than 750mAhg<-1> after the lithium ion battery is cycled for 25 times.