The invention relates to an inorganic heat-insulating material and a preparation method thereof. The inorganic heat-insulating material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-37 parts of basic material, 45-70 percent of pigment and filler and 9-26 parts of auxiliary agent, wherein the basic material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 partsof phosphoric acid, 3-8 parts of aluminium hydroxide, 2-8 parts of aluminum-silver slurry auxiliary agent, 0.5-5 parts of silicate and 1-5 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the pigment and filler is one or a combination of potassium titanate whiskers, expanded perlite, ceramic microspheres, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel, heat-insulating powder, carbon fibers, meerschaum, needle-shaped wollastonite powder and magnesium hydrate; and the auxiliary agent is one or a combination of boron nitride, dichromium trioxide, glass powder, boric acid, nano-zirconia, calcium oxide and calcium-based bentonite. The invention inorganic heat-insulating material has strong insulating capability for solid conductive heat at high temperature (150-500 DEG C) and simultaneously also has strong insulating capability for radiation and flow conductive heat.