797 results about "Aqueous droplet" patented technology

Surfactants (e.g., fluorosurfactants) for stabilizing aqueous or hydrocarbon droplets in a fluorophilic continuous phase are presented. In some embodiments, fluorosurfactants include a fluorophilic tail soluble in a fluorophilic (e.g., fluorocarbon) continuous phase, and a headgroup soluble in either an aqueous phase or a lipophilic (e.g., hydrocarbon) phase. The combination of a fluorophilic tail and a headgroup may be chosen so as to create a surfactant with a suitable geometry for forming stabilized reverse emulsion droplets having a disperse aqueous or lipophilic phase in a continuous, fluorophilic phase. In some embodiments, the headgroup is preferably non-ionic and can prevent or limit the adsorption of molecules at the interface between the surfactant and the discontinuous phase. This configuration can allow the droplet to serve, for example, as a reaction site for certain chemical and / or biological reactions. In another embodiment, aqueous droplets are stabilized in a fluorocarbon phase at least in part by the electrostatic attraction of two oppositely charged or polar components, one of which is at least partially soluble in the dispersed phase, the other at least partially soluble in the continuous phase. One component may provide collodial stability of the emulsion, and the other may prevent the adsorption of biomolecules at the interface between a component and the discontinous phase. Advantageously, surfactants and surfactant combinations of the invention may provide sufficient stabilization against coalescence of droplets, without interfering with processes that can be carried out inside the droplets.

Methods of processing an emulsion of aqueous droplets containing nucleic acid. The methods may include breakage of the emulsion with a destabilizing fluid including a halogen-substituted hydrocarbon.

The invention discloses an organic-inorganic hybrid super-hydrophilic coating as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises: firstly carrying out hydrolysis condensation polymerization by a sol-gel method with ethyl orthosilicate used as a precursor, hydrochloric acid used as a catalyst, ethanol used as a solvent, a silane coupling agent used as a modifier and a proper amount of water to obtain a modified silica sol, then carrying out free radical polymerization on the modified silica sol and reactive hydrophilic monomers to obtain an organic-inorganic hybrid material, and carrying out solvent replacement to obtain an aqueous organic-inorganic hybrid super-hydrophilic coating. The coating is coated on plastics, glass or metal substrates through dipping or brushing to form a coating layer, the coating layer has a contact angle with water less than 5 degrees, the adhesion force with the substrates of level-0 and the hardness greater than 6H, and water drops can spread out quickly on the coating layer.

Method of analyzing genomic DNA. Genomic DNA including a target may be obtained. The genomic DNA may be fragmented volitionally to produce fragmented DNA. The fragmented DNA may be passed through a droplet generator to generate aqueous droplets containing the fragmented DNA. An assay may be performed on the droplets to determine a level of the target. In some embodiments, the droplets may contain the genomic DNA at a concentration of at least about five nanograms per microliter, the droplets may be generated at a droplet generation frequency of at least about 50 droplets per second, the droplets may have an average volume of less than about 10 nanoliters per droplet, the droplets may generated at a flow rate of greater than about 50 nanoliters per second, or any combination thereof.

A method to produce aqueous droplets in oil and to manipulate the droplets for storage in the microfluidic device for certain amount of time to accumulate detectable amount of product produced by a single copy or plural copies of enzyme enclosed in the droplets, and to detect and measure the biomarkers in the antibody binding assay is disclosed. The method comprises: (1) generation of droplets in the microfluidic device, (2) storage of droplets in the microfluidic device, (3) measurement of activity of a single copy or plural copies of enzyme in the droplets, (4) individual molecule-counting immunoassay using the droplets.Applications can include the single molecule counting immunoassay, a platform for extremely high through digital PCR, a platform for directed evolution at individual molecule resolutions, nanoparticles synthesis, biodegradable polymer particle production and single molecule analysis.

The invention provides a preparation method of a durable super-hydrophobic fabric. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, depositing a polydopamine film on the surface of a common fabric; secondly, depositing silver oxide particles on the surface of the common fabric by using the chelating property of the common fabric to nano-particles; and finally, performing hydrophobic treatment on the fabric by using a low-surface-energy material, thereby obtaining the durable super-hydrophobic fabric. The preparation method provided by the invention has the positive progress effects that the static contact angle of water drops on the surface of the fabric prepared by the method is more than 150 degrees, and the water drops can roll easily on the surface of the fabric. After being washed or rubbed for a long time, the fabric still has excellent super-hydrophobic property; and the preparation method of the super-hydrophobic fabric does not need specific instruments and equipment, is simple to operate and is beneficial for popularization.

The invention relates to a deep dehydrating method and device for an oil product. The deep dehydrating method for the oil product comprises the steps of firstly, enabling the oil product with trace water to pass through a rectifier to ensure that a fluid is uniform; secondly, realizing the capture, agglomeration and growth of trace water drops and demulsification and separation of a trace water-in-oil emulsion through one or more segments of X-shaped oleophylic / lyophobic and hydrophilic / oleophobic fiber braid layers; next, realizing the rapid agglomeration, growth and separation of the water drops through microwave-forced settlement separation; finally, realizing the capture and separation of the extremely trace water drops in the oil product through one segment of omega-shaped oleophylic / lyophobic and hydrophilic / oleophobic fiber braid layer, thereby realizing the deep dehydration of the oil product. The invention also provides a set of device for realizing the method. The device comprises a shell, a feeding pipe, a rectifier, a fiber agglomeration layer, a microwave forced separation layer, a liquid level meter and other parts. The method is high in separation efficiency, low in energy consumption and long in continuous operation period, and can be widely applied to the deep dehydrating processes of all oil products with trace water.

The invention discloses a bionically textured material capable of preventing the algae attachment and a preparation method thereof. The bionically textured organic silicon modified acrylic polyurethane antifouling material is prepared by taking natural substances namely biological cuticle or leaves such as crab shell, lotus leaf, and the like as the template, and an organic silicon elastomer as the transition template. The obtained textured antifouling layer has a micrometer level protrusions or pits, wherein the protrusions or pits all have a nano structure, thus the water drop is not easy to wet the surface of the material, and fouling organisms cannot easily attach themselves to the surface of the material; at the same time, the contact surface between the fouling organisms and the bionically textured material is greatly reduced, the attachment sites are reduced, and thus attachment on the surface becomes more difficult for the fouling organisms. The natural antifouling characteristics of biological cuticle or leaves in nature are fully utilized, the characteristics of the microstructure on the surface is utilized to prevent fouling, pollution to the natural environment is not generated, and thus the material is a novel high efficient environment-friendly antifouling material.

The invention provides a preparation method of a waterproof and moisture permeable membrane. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving a hydrophobic polymer in a first spinning solvent to obtain a hydrophobic spinning liquid; carrying out first electrostatic spinning on the hydrophobic spinning liquid to obtain a monolayer waterproof and moisture permeable membrane; or dissolving a hydrophilic polymer in a second spinning solvent to obtain a hydrophilic spinning liquid; carrying out second electrostatic spinning on the hydrophilic spinning liquid to obtain a hydrophilic nanofiber membrane; and compositing the monolayer waterproof and moisture permeable membrane and the hydrophilic nanofiber membrane to obtain the double-layered waterproof and moisture permeable membrane. The method provided by the invention is simple in process flow, low in energy consumption and high in production efficiency, and is suitable for industrial production. The waterproof and moisture permeable membrane obtained by the method provided by the invention has extremely high porosity and a small gap size, and gaps are zigzag holes rather than through holes, thus facilitating pass of water vapor molecules but blocking pass of water drops. Therefore, the waterproof and moisture permeable fabric has high hydrostatic pressure resistance, ventilation, moisture permeability and mechanical strength.

The inkjet recording method includes ejecting an inkjet ink toward a recording medium to form an ink image on the recording medium. The inkjet ink includes a pigment, water, a surfactant, and at least one of 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropionamide and 3-n-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropionamide. When Dp represents the diameter of a pigment portion in a dot image formed by dropping a droplet of the inkjet ink with a volume of 0.5 μl on the recording medium, and Dv represent the diameter of a vehicle portion in the dot image, the ratio Dv / Dp is from 1.4 to 1.7.

A novel razor cartridge is disclosed including at least one erodible label disposed onto at least one exterior surface of at least one razor cartridge component via label transfer technologies (e.g., heat transfer process). The erodible label is comprised substantially of a water soluble polymer (from about 10% to about 100% water soluble polymer by weight of composition), may wear off completely after about 2 to 10 shaves, and may include a plurality of erodible labels each with a different composition. An adhesive layer may be disposed above or below the erodible label. Further, the label may provide functional and / or aesthetic benefits, serve as cues or indicia communicated or obtained to the user before, during or after use of the razor product. In one embodiment, a water droplet label on the lube ring provides moisturization benefits during use and also conveys these benefits to the consumer before use (e.g., lubriciousness).

A process having three steps utilized individually or in combination to reduce nitrogen oxides, NOx, emissions from gas turbines. One or more injectors disperse very fine fuel droplets to achieve rapid and complete combustion in zone one immediately downstream of the fuel injectors. The second step uses one or more injectors inserted into the combustor to disperse water droplets throughout zone two, immediately downstream of zone one, to lower the gas temperature and suppress formation of thermal NOx,. The third step uses one or more injectors to disperse aqueous droplets containing a dissolved NOx reducing agent throughout zone three, immediately downstream of zone two, and whose gas temperature favors the reduction of NOx. Alternatively, the dissolved NOx reducing agent can be mixed with a liquid fuel to convert zone three into slightly fuel rich conditions, enabling nitrogen oxide reduction at higher gas temperatures.

The invention belongs to the field of water repellent finishing and processing of fabric, and particularly relates to freon-free super hydrophobic UV resistant cotton fabric and a method for preparing the same. The freon-free super hydrophobic UV resistant cotton fabric is prepared by padding a fabric with nanometer titanium dioxide sol and processing the fabric by using a long-chain freon-free alkyl compound. The titanium dioxide content of the titanium dioxide sol is 0.2 to 5.0 weight percent, and the number of long-chain carbon atoms of the long-chain freon-free alkyl compounds is 6 to 18. The contact angle between the prepared cotton fabric and water drops is over 150 degrees, so that the cotton fabric has a super hydrophobic property; and the UV resistant factor of the prepared cotton fabric is over 50+, so that the cotton fabric has high UV resistance.

An apparatus for processing a biological and / or chemical sample in a liquid droplet (1) is provided. The apparatus includes a processing compartment (20), a base (21) and at least one circumferential wall (25). The processing compartment (20) is defined by at least a part of the base (21), at least a part of the circumferential wall (25) and an inlet member (4). The inlet member (4) is located on top of the processing compartment (20), and includes at least one droplet inlet channel (3), which extends through the inlet member (4) and includes a contraction (2) between the inlet opening (28) of the droplet inlet channel (3) to the environment and the outlet opening (27) to the processing compartment (20). There is furthermore provided a method of processing a biological and / or chemical sample in a liquid droplet (1). The method includes disposing a medium into the processing compartment (20) of the apparatus of the invention that is immiscible with the liquid droplet (1), so that the contraction (2) is immersed in the medium. The droplet (1) is disposed into the droplet inlet channel (3) such that it is located below the contraction (2) of the droplet inlet channel (3). A process is performed on the biological and / or chemical sample in the droplet (1).

The invention provides a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic functional material. The method comprises the steps: firstly, preparing a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) thin film; secondly, dropping a dispersing agent with solid particles on the surface of the PDMS and uniformly dispersing the dispersing agent to form a laminar structure; and finally, processing the laminar structure by ultraviolet irradiation or heating to form the material with super-hydrophobic functions. The contact angle of the material can be up to more than 150 degrees after optimization, and meanwhile, the material has a very small rolling angle, so that the requirement of the super-hydrophobic material is satisfied; water drops on the material are difficult to attach and easy to fall off, so that the material still keeps dry and realizes the self-cleaning function. Particles are located on the outermost layer, so that the decomposition of the PDMS resulting from direct solar radiation is avoided and the other functions such as photocatalysis, sterilization and electric conduction except for the hydrophobicity can be realized by using particles. The preparation method is simple and is capable of satisfying the requirements of the large-scale and high-efficiency production.

The invention provides a super-durable and super-hydrophobic textile and its making method. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out alkaline treatment of a terylene fabric to make the surfaces of micro-sized fibers have a nanometer rough structure and make the fabric have a micro-nano structure rough surface, and carrying out low surface energy treatment of the fabric by a mixed solution comprising long-chain alkyl silane and a polydimethylsiloxane compound to obtain the super-durable and super-hydrophobic textile. The static contact angle of water drops on the surface of the terylene fabric prepared in the invention is greater than 150DEG, the water drops can easily roll on the surface of the fabric, and the textile still has an excellent super-hydrophobic performance after strong friction, long-time washing, and long-time immersion in a strong acid, a strong alkali and a strong electrolyte solution.

A thin film of organic resin material (17), such as novolac, is used as an etch mask and openings (32) are formed in the mask in a predetermined pattern to allow processing in selected areas defined by the openings. The openings (32) are formed by applying a pattern of droplets (76) of caustic etchant, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) in the areas where the openings are to be formed. The droplets (76) are applied using a inkjet printer (90) which is scanned over the surface of the organic resin as the droplets are applied. The droplets (76) are of a size which defines the dimension of the openings (32) and allows the organic resin (17) under the droplet (76) to be completely removed. After the etchant has etched through the organic resin to expose an underlying surface (12), the etchant is washed from the organic resin and the openings (32).

Microfluidic devices having an electrowetting configuration and an optimized droplet actuation surface are provided. The devices include a conductive substrate having a dielectric layer, a hydrophobic layer covalently bonded to the dielectric layer, and a first electrode electrically coupled to the dielectric layer and configured to be connected to a voltage source. The microfluidic devices also include a second electrode, optionally included in a cover, configured to be connected to the voltage source. The hydrophobic layer features self-associating molecules covalently bonded to a surface of the dielectric layer in a manner that produces a densely-packed monolayer that resists intercalation and or penetration by polar molecules or species. Also provided are microfluidic devices having an electrowetting configuration that further include a section or module having a dielectrophoresis configuration; systems that include any of the microfluidic devices in combination with an aqueous droplet and a fluidic medium immiscible with the medium of the aqueous droplet; related kits; and methods of manipulating droplets, optionally containing micro-objects such as biological cells, within the microfluidic devices.

The invention provides a droplet encapsulate comprising: a drop of a hydrophobic medium; a peripheral layer of non-polymeric amphipathic molecules around the surface of the drop; and an aqueous droplet within the peripheral layer, the aqueous droplet comprising: (a) an aqueous medium and (b) an outer layer of non-polymeric amphipathic molecules around the surface of the aqueous medium. The invention also provides processes for preparing the droplet encapsulates. Various uses of the droplet encapsulates are also described, including their use as drug delivery vehicles, in synthetic biology, and in the study of membrane proteins.

An embodiment of a method for extracting biological material from an emulsion is described that comprises the steps of a) breaking an emulsion comprising a plurality of aqueous droplets in a continuous phase of an oil using a solvent to produce a combined aqueous-oil mixture, where the solvent disrupts the aqueous droplets which release a plurality of biological elements each immobilized on a substrate into the combined aqueous-oil mixture; b) introducing an inorganic salt to the combined aqueous-oil mixture causing a phase separation of the mixture into a first phase comprising an aqueous solution and the biological elements and a second phase comprising the solvent and the oil; c) extracting the first phase from the second phase; and d) collecting the substrate immobilized biological elements from the first phase.

This invention is a method for reducing the total acid number of organic acid containing petroleum oil comprising forming a water-in-oil emulsion comprising an aqueous Group IIA metal hydroxide solution or slurry in a hydrocarbon oil, said water-in-oil emulsion having an aqueous droplet particle size diameter of from 1 to 25μ, adding the water-in-oil emulsion to the organic acid containing petroleum oil and permitting the mixture to stand for a time sufficient to permit the neutralization of the organic acids in the petroleum oil.

Provided herein are methods utilizing microfluidics for the oxygen-controlled generation of microparticles and hydrogels having controlled microparticle sizes and size distributions and products from provided methods. The included methods provide the generation of microparticles by polymerizing an aqueous solution dispersed in a non-aqueous continuous phase in an oxygen-controlled environment. The process allows for control of size of the size of the aqueous droplets and, thus, control of the size of the generated microparticles which may be used in biological applications.

The present invention relates to a self-cleaning nano protective liquid used for glass and a preparation method. According to the self-cleaning nano protective liquid used for glass, a thin film coating formed by the nano protective liquid is provided with a similar structure of a lotus leaf surface in nature, wherein the structure is a nano-micro composite layer structure, and the coating is a colorless transparent thin film coating, with a thickness of 400-1000nm. The coating provided by the present invention has superior properties of water-proofing, oil-proofing, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, moisture-proofing, and the like. A contact angle of the coating and water is 140-155 DEG (a droplet volume is measured as 4 mu L), a roll angle of a water droplet on a coating surface is less than 5 DEG (a droplet volume is measured as 4 mu L). The water droplet existed on the the coating surface is freely rollably, meanwhile contaminations of dust and the like are removed, and thereby achieving the superior properties of anti-fogging, anti-fouling and the like.

This invention relates to a process for making polymer-dye particles comprising, in order:I) forming a colorant mixture comprising a water insoluble dye and an organic medium containing at least one ethylenically-unsaturated monomer;II) combining the colorant mixture with an aqueous mixture comprising a surfactant and a co-stabilizer to form a colorant mixture / aqueous mixture;III) causing the colorant mixture / aqueous mixture to form a stable aqueous droplet mixture via strong agitation; andIV) initiating polymerization to form composite polymer-dye particles comprising a colorant phase and a polymer phase;wherein an addition polymerization initiator is added prior to initiating polymerization.It further relates to composite polymer dye particles prepared by the above process and to composite polymer dye particles comprising a colorant phase containing a water insoluble dye, and a polymer phase, said particles being associated with a co-stabilizer.

The invention discloses a preparation method for super hydrophobic biodegradable compound film and a product thereof. Under a certain temperature, hydrophobic inorganic nano particles are added into transparent aliphatic biodegradable polyester liquid and stirred to form a mixed liquid dispersed uniformly. A dip-coating method is used for coating the mixed liquid on a certain substrate material and the volatizing speed of a solvent is adjusted by controlling the temperature rising speed to a certain temperature and then the temperature is kept constant for a certain period of time; then the mixed liquid is dried to obtain the super hydrophobic biodegradable compound film with a special micro-nano structure. The compound film is a compound film with a structure-controllable microporous network micro-nano secondary microscopic surface. The static contact angle between film and water is 155-164 degrees; moreover, the contact angle hysteresis of drops on the surface of the film is less than 5 degrees. A super hydrophobic coating formed by coating the super hydrophobic biodegradable compound film on the surface of a starch base biodegradable material can greatly reduce the hygroscopy of the starch base biodegradable material.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a transparent super-hydrophobic zinc oxide coating on a glass substrate. The preparation method comprises the following steps of a, substrate pretreatment; b, zinc oxide solution preparation; c, zinc oxide coating preparation; and d, zinc oxide coating surface modification. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method has the beneficial effects of simple equipment process, low cost and mild reaction condition and is beneficial to large-scale industrial production. The transparent super-hydrophobic zinc oxide coating prepared by using the method has excellent hydrophobicity and transparency; the contact angle is larger than 160 degrees, the rolling angle is smaller than 8 degrees, and water drops can freely roll on the coating, so that the transparent super-hydrophobic zinc oxide coating has relatively good self-cleaning performance; and the light transmittance is approach to 90% which is close to that of blank glass, so that the transparent super-hydrophobic zinc oxide coating has favorable visible light transmittance. A surface modifier used in the preparation method is an alkyl silane coupling agent instead of a fluorinated compound, so that the cost is low, the environment pollution is relatively low, and the modified coating is relatively stable.

The invention provides a low-cost superhydrophobic surface treatment method of aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out chemical etching on the surface of the aluminum alloy by utilizing hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with the mass-volume concentration of 70g / L-95g / L in water bath at the temperature of 30-50 DEG C for 3-6min; and (2) carrying out evaporation modification on the surface of the aluminum alloy by utilizing long chain fatty acid solution by an evaporation method, wherein, the long chain fatty acid comprises at least one of lauric acid and stearic acid, and the long chain fatty acid solution is prepared by dissolving fatty acid into an ethanol solvent based on the mass percent of 3wt.%-15wt.%. The evaporation method comprises the following steps: placing the long chain fatty acid solution and the aluminum alloy subject to chemical etching treatment in a sealed container; putting the sealed container in a chamber electric furnace, heating until the temperature of the mixture is up to 100-200 DEG C, and performing heat preservation for 1-3h; and taking out the aluminum alloy and placing the aluminum alloy in the chamber electric furnace again, curing at the temperature of 50-90 DEG C for 0.5-1.5h, and finally taking out the aluminum alloy, and carrying out air cooling on the aluminum alloy to obtain the aluminum alloy surface which has the advantages of good superhydrophobic characteristic and less possibility of being adhered to water drops.

The invention provides super-hydrophobic wood and a preparation method thereof. A polyvinyl alcohol film layer is arranged on the surface of a wood body, the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol film layer is coated with a uniform TiO2 / SiO2 nano structural composite film layer, a TiO2 / SiO2 nano structure is chemically bonded with a wood / polyvinyl alcohol composite surface under the effect of hydroxyl, the TiO2 / SiO2 nano structural composite film layer comprises uniform micron-sized grooves and nanoscale bulges, the TiO2 / SiO2 nano structural composite film layer is also provided with low surface energy substances in an assembling manner, a water droplet contact angle of the super-hydrophobic wood can be 153 degrees, and a rolling angle is less than 5 degrees. The preparation method of the super-hydrophobic wood has characteristics that the procedures are simple and the reaction condition is prone to realize; moreover, the super-hydrophobic wood can be prepared in a reaction manner in large scale, the subsequent decoration of the low surface energy substances is not needed, the reaction condition is easy to control, the cost is relatively low, and the cleanliness and no pollution can be realized. The prepared super-hydrophobic wood also has the good anti-aging property while having the super-hydrophobic property.